低温离子氮碳共渗温度对AerMet100钢摩擦学性能的影响

研究了不同温度对AerMet100钢渗氮层和氮碳共渗层的显微组织、表面硬度、渗层截面硬度梯度以及耐磨性的影响,并考察了渗层的磨损机理。结果表明,氮碳共渗层相较于渗氮层表面生成的化合物更加细小,表面更加平整光滑;离子渗氮、离子氮碳共渗处理都可显著提高AerMet100钢的表面硬度;随着温度的增加,共渗层厚度也明显增加;氮碳共渗层比渗氮层具有更低的摩擦因数,在共渗温度为480 ℃时氮碳共渗试样具有最低摩擦因数和磨损率,表现出最佳的耐磨性。渗氮层的磨损机理为氧化磨损和表面疲劳磨损,氮碳共渗层的磨损机理为氧化磨损、磨粒磨损以及表面疲劳磨损。     

W18Cr4V钢的离子氮碳共渗┐离子渗硫复合处理

本文研究了Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢的离子氮碳共渗－离子渗硫复合处理工艺。试验表明，Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢经离子氮碳共渗－离子渗硫复合处理后，表层可获得氮碳化合物和硫化物的复合渗层。该复合渗层可以明显提高Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢的耐磨性。     

40Cr钢氮气/甲烷离子氮碳共渗后的组织和耐磨性

用金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了40Cr钢经氮气／甲烷离子氮碳共渗后的显微组织和微观结构。在HQ-1型摩擦磨损试验机上进行了耐磨性试验，并与普通氨气离子渗氮结果进行比较。结果表明：40Cr钢经氮气／甲烷离子氮碳共渗处理后，表层获得了由Fe3C和Fe3N组成的化合物层，摩擦系数降低，失重减少，明显提高了40Cr钢的耐磨性能,磨损痕迹只有轻微擦伤。     

Plasma and Gaseous Nitrocarburizing of C60W Steel for Tribological Applications

A comparison has been made between plasma and gas nitrocarburizing processes for C60W steel in terms of structural features of the layers and the tribological properties of the specimens. Gaseous treatments were performed in a sealed quench industrial furnace in optimized process cycles. For plasma nitrocarburizing, a semi - industrial size unit was operated at a range of process parameters. Experimental results indicate that increasing the treatment time increases the thickness of the compound layer but lowers the wear resistance. Plasma treatment produced a more effective case depth compared with gaseous process, providing a better uniformity. Analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the compound layer in gas nitrocarburizing consisted of both e and γ‘ phases, whereas in plasma nitrocarburizing the ε phase was not detected.     

38CrMoAlA、40Cr钢经不同渗氮工艺处理后的性能研究

研究了38CrMoAlA和40Cr钢经气体渗氮、气体氮碳共渗、离子渗氮处理后渗氮层的组织、硬度、摩擦磨损和腐蚀性能。试验结果表明，38CrMoAlA钢渗氮层的硬度及在3．5％NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能高于40Cr钢，但抗摩擦磨损性能不如40Cr钢。依气体渗氮、气体氮碳共渗到离子渗氮的顺序，渗氮层的抗磨损性能逐次提高，但抗腐蚀能力逐次降低。从钢的化学成分、渗氮层的硬度和韧性出发，对38CrMoAlA和40Cr钢渗氮层的性能差异进行了分析与总结。     

Study on composite surface treatment of 38CrMoAl steel

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Plasma post oxidation of nitrocarburized AISI 4140 steel

Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of AISI 4140 steel.Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 3 h at 570 ℃ in the nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce the ε-Fe2-3(N,C) phase.It was found that the compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising was predominantly composed of ε-phase, with a small proportion of γ'-Fe4(N,C) phase.The thickness of the compound layer was about 10 μm and the diffusion layer was about 300 μm in thickness, respectively.Plasma post oxidation was performed on the nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratio at a constant temperature of 500 ℃ for 1 h.The very thin magnetite (Fe3O4) layer 1-2 μm in thickness on top of the compound layer was obtained by plasma post oxidation.It was confirmed that the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer can be further improved by the application of the superficial magnetite layer.     

氯化铵、海绵钛复合催渗剂对3Cr2W8V钢气体氮碳共渗的影响

试验了氯化铵、海绵钛复合催渗剂对3Cr2W8V钢气体氮碳共渗的影响，并探讨了其作用机理。试验结果表明，此复合催渗剂可显著缩短3Cr2W8V钢气体氮碳共渗的时间，提高渗层厚度和硬度，能得到质量良好的渗层。     

38CrMoAl钢表面电刷镀—氮碳共渗复合处理工艺研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射,分析了经电刷镀Ｎｉ－Ｗ合金与氮碳共渗复合工艺处理的３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ钢表面层的性能、显微组织和相组成,并进行了磨损试验,探讨了电刷镀层厚度、氮碳共渗时间对表面硬化层性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明,氮碳共渗后使３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ钢表面的电刷镀层与基体的结合由原来的机械结合转变为冶金结合。复合工艺处理后的表面层组织为Ｎｉ基体上分布着少量的ＷＣ和ＷＮ质点,其表面耐磨性较只进行电刷镀处理或氮碳共渗处理的提高了５倍以上。最佳的电刷镀层厚度为２０ｕｍ,最佳的氮碳共渗保温时间为８０ｍｉｎ。     

Development of plasma nitrocarburizing and post-oxidation technology for the replacement of Cr<Superscript>6+</Superscript> plating for application to vehicle engine shafts

Plasma nitrocarburizing and post-oxidation treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of S45C steel. Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 3 h at 570°C in a nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce the ε-Fe₂₋₃(N,C) phase. It was found that the compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising was predominantly composed of the ∈-phase with traces of the γ′-Fe₄(N,C) phase. The thickness of the compound layer was approximately 12 μm and the diffusion layer was approximately 300 μm in thickness. Plasma post oxidation was performed on nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratios at a constant temperature of 500°C for 1 h. The very thin magnetite (Fe₃O₄) layer 1 μm to 2 μm in thickness on top of the compound layer was obtained by plasma post oxidation. It was also confirmed that further improvement of the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer was possible with an application of the superficial magnetite layer. Finally, throttle valve shafts of S45C steel were treated under optimum plasma processing conditions. Accelerated life time test results using a throttle body assembled with a shaft treated by plasma nitrocarburising and post oxidation showed that plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma post-oxidation processes could be a viable technology in the very near future in place of Cr⁶ plating.     

45钢的离子氮碳共渗-离子渗氧复合处理

研究了45钢离子氮碳共渗-离子渗氧复合处理工艺。试验表明，45钢经离子氮碳共渗-离子渗氧复合处理后，表层可获得化合物和氧化物的复合层，该复合处理可以明显提高45钢的耐磨性。     

稀土对42CrMo钢等离子体氮碳共渗组织及性能的影响

在渗剂中添加稀土,在42CrMo钢表面进行了等离子体氮碳共渗试验,并对渗层的组织形貌、显微硬度及接触疲劳强度进行了测试和分析,研究了稀土对等离子体氮碳共渗层的影响.结果表明,稀土在短时间内的催渗效果优于长时间,本次试验以低于8 h的效果最为明显;稀土有细化晶粒,使渗层组织结合得更加致密的效果,还可提高次表层的显微硬度和接触疲劳强度.     

4Cr5MoV1Si钢脉冲真空氮碳共渗工艺探讨

采用氨气加少量二氧化碳进行脉冲气体氮碳共渗，分析了在固定的共渗温度、时间和脉冲幅度下，不同的保压时间对4Cr5MoV1Si钢渗层的影响，以及渗后显微硬度分布。结果表明，在共渗温度时间一定的情况下，随着保压时间的延长，化合物层(白亮层)逐渐减少，直至消失，有效控制化合物层的厚度，满足材料的使用要求。     

Cr-Mo-V铸钢摩擦磨损过程中亚表层组织结构的变化研究

采用销盘式高温磨损试验机对铸钢销试样进行干摩擦滑动磨损试验,并分别利用TEM、XRD、SEM对试样磨面不同深度层进行微观组织分析.探讨了不同磨损条件下,销试样磨损面试验前后显微硬度及组织形貌的变化.结果表明,不同回火组织的试样试验前后微观组织摩擦后沿纵切面均发生了较大变化,形成了强烈的塑性变形区以及再结晶的等轴晶粒层.材料宏观磨损性能是加工硬化和高温软化作用的综合结果,这两种作用受到原始组织以及磨损条件的影响.     

Cr12MoV钢低温盐浴渗铬复合处理

研究Cr12MoV钢低温复合盐浴渗铬处理后复合渗铬层的金相组织、相结构、渗层厚度、渗层硬度、铬浓度分布和氮碳浓度分布，并进行渗层的耐磨性对比试验。结果表明，Cr12MoV钢经氮碳共渗加低温盐浴渗铬复合处理可获得良好的渗铬层及优异的耐磨性。     

The microstructure and properties of 17-4PH martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel modified by plasma nitrocarburizing

17-4PH martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel was plasma nitrocarburized at 430 °C and 460 °C for 8 h. The nitrocarburized layers were characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, microhardness tests, pin-on-disc tribometer and the anodic polarization method in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The results show that the microstructure of plasma nitrocarburized layer is characterized by a compound layer with no evident diffusion zone. The phases in the 430 °C treated layer are mainly of γ′-Fe₄N, nitrogen and carbon expanded martensite (α′_N), and some incipient CrN phases. When the temperature increases up to 460 °C, there is no evidence of α′_N phase. The processes of bulk precipitation hardening and surface treatment by plasma nitrocarburizing can be successfully combined in a single-step process on this steel. The hardness of modified layer can reach up to 1186HV, which is 3 times higher than that of untreated steel. The wear and corrosion resistance of the specimens can be apparently improved by plasma nitrocarburizing. The 460 °C/8 h treated specimen has the best wear and corrosion resistance in the present test conditions.     

碳氮共渗提高空心圆柱滚子轴承寿命的研究

通过GCr15钢碳氮共渗,在表层获得大量的残余奥氏体。磨损中,马氏体组织剥落,残余奥氏体则成小岛状,进而在表面迁移发生形变诱发马氏体相变,使耐磨性得以提高。同时,共渗在空心滚子内表面造成的压应力对改善弯曲疲劳性能有利。     

Martensitic stainless steel modified by plasma nitrocarburizing at conventional temperature with and without rare earths addition

17-4PH Martensitic stainless steel was plasma nitrocarburized at conventional temperature (560 °C) with and without rare earths (RE) addition. The surface treated layers were characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, X-ray diffraction and microhardness test. The wear and corrosion behavior of the modified specimens was studied respectively using pin-on-disc tribometer and anodic polarization tests. The results show that rare earths atoms can diffuse into the surface of the stainless steel. The microstructures of all modified layers are characterized by a compound layer containing three distinct zones but without an evident diffusion zone. The phases on all modified surface layers are mainly of θ-Fe₃C and CrN. It is exciting that the hardness profile of the modified layer is decreased gradually, which is rarely found in plasma nitriding of the stainless steel. The friction coefficient of a specimen can be dramatically decreased by plasma RE nitrocarburizing, whereas the corrosion resistance is deteriorated. In contrast, the corrosion resistance of a plasma nitrocarburized specimen is enhanced but the friction coefficient is not improved as much as that of a plasma RE nitrocarburized one.     

氮碳氧复合处理(QPQ)对MPS700A钢组织与性能的影响

采用氮碳氧复合处理(QPQ)技术对耐蚀耐热不锈钢MPS700A钢进行表面改性,分别进行(450～500) ℃×5 h和(550～570) ℃×3 h盐浴氮碳共渗试验,氧化处理工艺均为400 ℃×30 min。对QPQ处理后试样渗层的表面形貌、表面硬度、脆性及其耐磨性进行了分析。结果表明:渗层主要由氧化膜层、疏松层、化合物层和扩散层构成,QPQ处理后试样的硬度明显提高,相对低温段490 ℃盐浴氮碳共渗试样的硬度最高,相对高温段550 ℃处理的试样硬度最高,分别为1295、1344 HV0.1,分别是基体硬度的3.75和3.90倍。QPQ处理试样的渗层组织细小,均匀致密,脆性低,耐磨性好,比祼钢具有较好的高温摩擦磨损性能,尤其在500 ℃以上性能更加优异。且与550 ℃盐浴氮碳共渗QPQ试样相比,490 ℃盐浴氮碳共渗QPQ试样具有更低的脆性,更好的高温摩擦磨损性能。     

AISI316L不锈钢等离子氮碳共渗层的表征

奥氏体不锈钢通过等离子氮碳共渗可显著提高其表面硬度,从而提高耐磨性而又不损害其抗腐蚀性能。本文采用光学显微镜、显微硬度和微磨损试验对经于450℃等离子氮碳共渗的AISI316L不锈钢和所获得的渗层进行了表征。结果证明,等离子氮碳共渗层由氮化铬析出相和富氮奥氏体基体组成,其硬度约850HV;渗层总深度平均约为45μm,且很均匀;渗层的耐磨性大大高于基体。