BISAP评分对急性胰腺炎严重程度及预后评估的临床价值

目的 通过与传统的急性胰腺炎(AP)病情评分系统比较,了解急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(BISAP)评分对AP严重程度及预后评估的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月间收治的497例AP患者资料,分别进行BISAP、APACHEⅡ、Ranson及Balthazar CT( CTSI)评分,评估病情严重程度.应用受试者工作曲线下面积(AUC)比较BISAP评分与其他各评分系统对AP严重程度及胰腺坏死、器官功能衰竭、患者病死发生的预测能力.结果 497例患者中重症急性胰腺炎(SAP) 101例,轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP) 396例,MAP组和SAP组患者的年龄、性别、病因分布差异无统计学意义.497例患者的BISAP评分、APACHEⅡ评分、Ranson评分的平均分值分别为(1.08±1.01)、(5.79±4.00)、(1.69±1.59)分,两两相关(r值分别为0.612、0.568、0.577,P值均＜0.001).此外,SAP患者的BISAP评分、APACHEⅡ评分、Ranson评分的分值均显著大于MAP患者(P值均＜0.01).BISAP评分预测SAP的AUC值为0.762( 95％ CI 0.722～0.799),阳性截止(cutoff)值为2分,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为63.4％、83.1％、48.1％、89.4％;预测胰腺坏死的AUC值为0.711(95％CI0.612～0.797),cutoff值为2分,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为84.6％、46.7％、35.5％、89.7％;预测器官衰竭的AUC值为0.777(95％ CI0.683 ～0.854),cutoff值为2分,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.1％、51.4％、43.5％、94.9％;预测患者病死的AUC值为0.808(95％ CI 0.718 ～0.880),cutoff值为3分,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为83.3％、67.4％、25.6％、96.8％.BISAP评分与其他评分系统预测SAP各预后指标的差异均无统计学意义.结论 BISAP评分对AP严重程度及预后的评估价值与其他传统的评分系统相同,但其只有5项指标,且均可在入院24h内采集,可以早期、简便地预测SAP,值得在临床推广应用.     

APACHE Ⅱ、Ranson和CT评分系统对重症急性胰腺炎预后评价的比较

目的 比较APACHE Ⅱ、Ranson和CT 3种临床常用评分系统对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)预后指标的预测作用.方法 回顾分析1993年1月～ 2004年1月收治的201例SAP患者.记录资料包括24 h APACHE Ⅱ评分、48 h APACHE Ⅱ评分、48 h Ranson评分和72 h CT评分.预后指标包括:胰腺坏死程度、局部并发症、感染、器官衰竭、外科引流、死亡率、禁食天数和住院天数.应用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)检验各评分数据对预后预测的价值.结果 通过比较AUC,在预测器官衰竭和禁食天数方面,APACHE Ⅱ(48 h)具有优越性.在预测局部并发症,禁食天数以及住院天数方面,Ranson评分相对较好.较之其他评分系统,CT评分在预测胰腺坏死和外科引流方面有较大优势.结论 对上述8个预测指标,几种评分系统的评价预测能力不相同.应当联合应用几种评分系统评价SAP患者的预后.     

血清降钙素原诊断危重感染临床分析

目的:探讨降钙素原(PCT)在危重感染患者临床病情评估、预后预测中的价值。方法:选取139例脓毒症患者,根据患者入住ICU 24 h内的病情状况将患者分为脓毒症组47例、严重脓毒症组54例和脓毒症休克组38例,分别比较3组患者的血清PCT水平、急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHEⅡ)、全身性感染相关器官衰竭评分(SOFA)等指标,并根据患者预后分为存活组和死亡组,进行亚组分析。结果:入住ICU 24 h内,不同病情分组患者的血清PCT、WBC、CRP水平、APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分比较(脓毒症组严重脓毒症组脓毒症休克组),差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05);脓毒症患者的血清PCT水平与患者WBC、CRP、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分均呈显著正相关(均P0.05);存活脓毒症患者的血清PCT、WBC、CRP水平、APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分均显著低于死亡组患者(均P0.05);PCT判断患者预后的最佳临界值为19.84 ng/m L,此时的ROC曲线下面积AUC值为0.857,灵敏度为89.27%,特异度为86.34%。结论:血清PCT水平在危重感染患者临床病情评估、预后预测中具有较高的临床价值。     

APACHEⅡ评分及血清C反应蛋白对成人社区获得性肺炎患者的近期预后评估

目的探讨APACHEⅡ评分和血清CRP在成人社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者近期预后评估中的价值。方法回顾性分析淮南市第一人民医院呼吸内科和ICU 2015年1月至2016年12月收治的125例成人CAP患者的APACHEⅡ评分和血清CRP,根据30天生存情况和PSI评分、CURB-65评分将CAP患者分为生存组、死亡组、低风险组、中风险组和高风险组,观察其在不同预后组和风险组间的差异。结果死亡组CAP患者APACHEⅡ评分、CRP均高于存活组(P0.001)。APACHEⅡ评分和CRP在不同风险组间比较,差异有统计学意义(APACHEⅡ评分,P0.001;CRP,P=0.001),两者均随风险增加而增加。APACHEⅡ评分、CRP与PSI评分、CURB-65评分间存在正相关性(r_s分别为0.885、0.835、0.358、0.345,P0.001)。使用ROC曲线分析APACHEⅡ评分、PSI评分和CURB-65评分预测CAP患者30天病死率的曲线下面积(AUC)均大于CRP,APACHEⅡ评分的AUC大于CURB-65评分(P0.05)。结论 APACHEⅡ评分和血清CRP与成人CAP患者病情严重程度和近期病死率呈正相关,使用APACHEⅡ评分和血清CRP检测对成人CAP患者近期预后评估具有重要的临床价值和指导意义。     

PCT诊断危重感染临床分析

【】 目的 探讨降钙素原(PCT)在危重感染患者临床病情评估、预后预测中的价值。方法 选取本院重症监护病房(ICU)2012年2月～2015年7月收治的139例脓毒症患者作为研究对象,根据患者入住ICU 24h内的基本情况将患者分为脓毒症组47例、严重脓毒症组54例和脓毒症休克组38例,分别对比三组患者的血清PCT水平、急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHEⅡ)、全身性感染相关气管衰竭评分(SOFA)等指标,并根据患者治疗结局分为存活组和死亡组进行亚组分析。结果 入住ICU 24h内,脓毒症患者的PCT、WBC、CRP、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分在不同病情分组患者间的水平为脓毒症组<严重脓毒症组<脓毒症休克组患者且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);入住ICU 24h内,脓毒症患者的PCT水平与患者WBC、CRP、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分均呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05);ICU期间,存活脓毒症患者的PCT、WBC、CRP、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分均呈显著的正低于死亡组患者(P<0.05); PCT判断患者预后的最佳临界值为19.84ng/ml,此时的ROC曲线下面积AUC值为0.857,灵敏度为89.27%,特异度为86.34%。结论 PCT在危重感染患者临床病情评估、预后预测中具有较高的临床价值。     

我国社区获得性肺炎病情评估标准与3种国际标准效能比较研究

目的 比较我国社区获得性肺炎(CAP)病情评估标准(简称我国标准)与国外肺炎严重指数(PSI)、CURB和CURB65评估标准对CAP患者病情评估的效能.方法 选取2000年1月至2007年4月北京大学第三医院呼吸科住院的CAP患者165例作为研究对象,通过回顾性研究,将所有患者分别按PSI、CURB、CURB65评分和我国标准分组,并进一步分成低、中、高危组,比较各组病死率和重症监护病房(ICU)住院率,各评估系统预测死亡和ICU住院的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、ROC曲线下面积(AUC).结果 PSI、CURB评分、CURB65评分3个标准均将较大一部分患者划分为低危组(分别为73.9%、61.2%、69.1%),较小部分患者划为中危组和高危组(分别为20.0%、28.5%、21.8%;6.1%、10.3%、9.1%).低危组和中危组均有死亡病例(病死率分别为1.6%、2.0%、1.8%;9.1%、6.4%、8.3%);而我国标准仅将较小部分患者划为低危组(7.3%),将较大部分患者划为中危组和高危组(44.8%、47.9%),但是低危组和中危组病死率为0,中危组ICU住院率仅为1.4%;我国标准预测死亡及入住ICU的敏感度高(100.0%、95.5%),而特异度较低(55.5%、59.4%),PSI、CURB、CURB65预测死亡及入住ICU的特异度均较高(均>90.0%),而敏感度均较低(预测死亡均为50.0%,预测入住ICU为22.7%～31.8%);根据AUC我国标准对死亡和ICU住院的总体识别力最好(AUC分别为0.777,0.774);各评估标准预测死亡及入住ICU的阳性预测值均较低(预测死亡12.7%～50.0%;预测入住ICU 26.6%～50.0%),阴性预测值均较高(预测死亡96.6%～100.0%;预测入住ICU 89.0%～98.8%).结论 在筛选低风险CAP患者、预测死亡和入住ICU方面,PSI、CURB、CURB65'评分标准和我国标准各有优势与不足,需建立更为有效的CAP评估系统.     

2012年版急性胰腺炎分类标准的临床应用

目的 初步探讨2012年版急性胰腺炎分类标准的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年10月至2012年9月广西医科大学第一附属医院诊断为急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料.根据2012年版分类标准将患者分为轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)、中度重症急性胰腺炎(MSAP)、重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)3组.比较各组患者的好转及治愈例数、住院天数、住院费用、ICU入住率及入住天数、SIRS发生率及持续天数、Ranson评分、APACHEⅡ评分、CTSI评分的差异有无统计学意义.结果 166例患者中MAP 76例,MSAP 65例,SAP 25例;男性119例,女性47例;平均年龄(49±15)岁;平均入院前发病时间为(2.27±1.46)d.3组患者的好转及治愈例数、住院天数、住院费用、入住ICU例数及天数、SIRS发生例数及持续天数、Ranson评分、APACHEⅡ评分、CTSI评分均随着疾病严重程度的增加而升高(P值均＜0.01),其中SAP组患者相应值分别为21例(84.0％)、(23.8±13.6)d、(53900±30260)元、12例(48.0％)及(5.76±13.8)d、24例(96.0％)及(5.00±2.40)d、(3.76±1.30)分、(8.52±4.24)分、(5.44±3.48)分.166例患者中79例发生局部并发症,其中急性胰周液体积聚34例,急性坏死物积聚45例.SAP组急性坏死物积聚发生率高于MSAP组(68.0％比44.6％,P=0.047),而急性胰周液体积聚发生率低于MSAP组(16.0％比46.1％,P=0.016).166例患者中42例发生器官功能衰竭,其中35例发生呼吸功能衰竭,2例发生肾功能衰竭,5例合并发生呼吸功能和肾功能衰竭.SAP组器官功能衰竭发生率为100％,MSAP组为26.2％,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 2012年版急性胰腺炎分类标准简便易行,能准确反映急性胰腺炎的严重程度,适于临床应用.     

ICU危重患者APACHEⅡ评分变化率和临床预后的关系

目的:分析ICU危重症患者APACHEⅡ评分变化率(简称APACHEⅡ变化率)和临床预后的关系。方法:选取ICU危重症患者94例并跟踪28 d,根据28 d生存情况分为生存组(66例)和死亡组(28例),收集第1天APACHEⅡ评分(APACHEⅡ1)、第2天APACHEⅡ评分(APACHEⅡ2)资料,计算APACHEⅡ变化率;比较2组患者APACHEⅡ1、APACHEⅡ2和APACHEⅡ变化率;采用ROC曲线比较APACHEⅡ1和APACHEⅡ变化率预测临床预后的差异。结果:死亡组患者APACHEⅡ1、APACHEⅡ2高于生存组,而APACHEⅡ变化率低于生存组(P0.05);APACHEⅡ变化率与预后呈负相关性(P0.05);ROC曲线结果显示APACHEⅡ变化率预测总体预后的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.880,高于APACHEⅡ1的曲线下面积0.775(P0.05)。APACHEⅡ变化率的最佳界值为0.21(敏感性60.7%,特异性95.5%)。结论:APACHEⅡ变化率对ICU危重症患者临床预后的评估意义高于单纯APACHEⅡ评分。     

动脉血乳酸/血清白蛋白对ICU脓毒症患者预后的预测价值

目的 探讨动脉血乳酸（LAC）/血清白蛋白（ALB）比值（LAR）对重症医学科（ICU）脓毒症患者预后的预测价值。方法 收集392例入住ICU就诊的脓毒症患者临床资料，根据生存情况将患者分为生存组191例及死亡组201例。比较两组入住ICU后24 h内的白细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板、降钙素原、ALB、LAC，计算查尔森共病（CCI）指数、序贯器官衰竭评估（SOFA）评分、急性生理学与慢性健康状况量表系统Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）及LAR。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线，计算曲线下面积（AUC），分析LAR对ICU脓毒症患者预后的预测效能。根据ROC曲线中LAR的截断值将患者分为低LAR者及高LAR者，Kaplan-Meier生存曲线验证高LAR患者与低LAR患者之间是否存在生存差异。结果 死亡组LAC、LAR及CCI指数、SOFA评分、APACHEⅡ评分均高于生存组（P均<0.05），两组PCT、WBC、Hb、PLT、ALB比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示，CCI指数、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、LAC、LAR预测ICU脓毒症患者预后的AU...     

血糖变异度与重症监护病房患者预后的相关性

目的探讨重症监护病房(ICU)患者血糖变异度与预后的相关性。方法选取ICU患者223例,根据预后分为存活组145例和死亡组78例。比较两组急性生理学和慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅱ评分、感染相关器官功能衰竭评分系统(SOFA)评分、血肌酐(Scr)、HbA1c、血脂、平均血糖(GLUave)、血糖标准差(GLUsd)、血糖变异系数(GLUcv)和低血糖发生率。结果两组GLUave比较差异无统计学意义,死亡组年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、GLUsd、GLUcv和低血糖发生率高于存活组(P0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析显示,年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、GLUcv和低血糖发生率是影响预后的独立因素。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示,GLUcv预测病死率敏感性与APACHEⅡ评分相当。结论 GLUcv是影响ICU患者预后的独立因素,可作为其预后的预测因子。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.