利用浅层人工地震探测方法研究沈阳城区隐伏断裂的活动性

利用浅层人工地震方法对沈阳市城区的隐伏断裂构造进行了探测，经时间剖面，地质剖面的分析，并结合这一地区第四系地层的发育特征，确定F1、F2、F5、F9的最新活动时代为更新世，F6、F7的最新活动时代为中更新世，F10在第四纪期间没有活动。     

滦县县城周边断裂的初步研究

通过卫星影像资料和地质资料,结合浅层地震勘探结果,对滦县县城附近的响堂断裂、坨子头断裂以及唐山断裂进行初步研究,确定3条断裂的活动性质及产状.研究表明滦县县城附近第四系埋深在70～120 m范围内,3条目标断裂都错断了第四系底界,断层上断点位于第四系地层中.     

新疆哈密地区地震地质及地震活动性

通过对哈密地区几大活动断裂带、历史地震以及近30年中、小地震活动性的分析，认为哈密地区同时受到南部印度－欧亚板块的碰撞作用与北部西伯利亚－蒙古地区地壳运动的影响，其构造运动兼具西部天山地区和北部蒙古－阿尔泰地区的构造运动的特点，即块体比较完整，只发育大断裂，大断裂之间的中、小断裂不很发育。这种特殊的地震地质和地球动力学环境，决定了哈密地区历史和现今地震活动的特点为：大震复发周期长，低b值，中、小地震活动水平较低等。     

地震方法探测太行山山前断裂的活动特征(英文)

太行山山前断裂位于太行山脉与华北平原过渡地带,是华北及我国东部地区一条重要的构造带,有关该断裂带的活动性有以下观点:1)它属深大断裂带;2)它是活动断裂带和地震构造带;3)它不是地震构造带。。为研究和评价该断裂的活动性,利用最近获得的地震资料和钻探联合剖面研究了太行山山前断裂的深部构造背景和第四系以来的活动特征。钻探验证以及研究结果与表明:太行山山前断裂不是岩石圈深大断裂,该断裂在第四系仅错断了中更新世QP2早期,中更新世QP2晚期和晚更新世地层没有发生错断。由此得出,太行山山前断裂不是活动断裂,也不是岩石圈深大断裂。该研究结果为跨越太行山山前断裂的城市进行规划和建设提供了重要的地质和地球物理资料,对于首都圈地震危险性评价也具有十分重要的意义。     

辽宁西部地区主要活动性断裂与地震

依据野外实际工作成果，论述了辽宁西部地区三条北东向活动断裂，即：医巫闾山西侧断裂、北票－朝阳断裂及朱碌科－叨尔登断裂的活动特征、活动时代和活动方式，并结合辽西地区历史地震与现今地震活动特征，提出了该区今后地震危险性地段。     

中国东部城市地区隐伏断裂上断点与最新活动时代关系的初步分析——以邢台、唐山地震区为例

中国东部城市地区大多为较厚第四系松散物覆盖区,许多城市附近发育了具有相当规模的隐伏断裂。在这些第四系较厚覆盖区发育的隐伏断裂的上断点是否代表了断裂的最新活动时代?文中通过对邢台、唐山等发生过强震的中国东部城市附近地区地质、地球物理、地震活动、地形变等资料的综合分析,来讨论这些较厚第四系覆盖区隐伏断裂的上断点与断裂的最新活动年代的关系问题。初步分析表明,作为邢台地震和唐山地震发震断裂的新河断裂和唐山断裂带,并不象其上断点显示的为晚更新世不活动断裂或者为局部活动段,而均为大型活动断裂。由此认为,在中国东部沉积层较厚地区,不能完全根据断裂断错的最新地层确定断裂的最新活动时代。对于一条穿过新沉积较厚地区的断裂,其最新活动时代应根据构造背景、断裂对新地层的控制作用、断错最新地层、新地层沉积厚度、构造地貌、地震活动、地形变、现今构造应力场等综合判定     

安徽历史地震等震线长轴方位分布及地震地质意义

统计了安徽地区历史地震等震线长轴方位分布，主要有北东、北北东、北西和近东西向4组，它们与震中区及其附近的新生代活动断裂的走向有较好的一致性，大致反映了安徽各地的发震构造及破裂方位。其中北东、北西向断裂活动时间最新，多与地震活动相关，而北东向活动断裂是研究地区主要的地震构造。从构造地貌、断裂活动、遥感解译活动线性构造和中强地震活动的相互印证关系来看，大别山北麓、皖东北地区是安徽现代构造和中强地震活动较为强烈的地区，其中，皖东北地区未来发生中强地震的危险性较大。     

四川马边地震地质背景浅探

马边是川南地震活动较活跃的地区，地震活动显示出一种与四川其它地区不同的特点。马边地区地震活动具有地台区地震活动的一般规律，即地震活动与荥经一马边一盐津深大活动断裂带和上、下地壳间的滑脱面有关。该地区的6．0级以上强震与川西地区的强震活动相一致，它们受到地表活动断裂的控制；6．0级以下地震则与地表活动断裂关系不密切，呈现出一种弥散的图像，但其空间展布范围不超过荥经—马边—盐津深大活动断裂带所展布的区域。     

滇西地震带大理─剑川段中强地震迁移规律及其原因探讨

根据滇西地震带大理─剑川段地震活动特征，把公元１４９８～１９９１年Ｍ≥４．７级地震迁移分为４期。每期地震迁移均以洱源地区的地震为先导，洱源先导地震震级越大，全段地震活动水平就越高，反之亦然。文中从地下水对断裂的弱化的角度，讨论了地震迁移规律及原因。洱源地区地下水对其断裂弱化的程度最高，其断裂最薄弱。这样，在区域应力场的作用下，最薄弱的洱源地区必将首先破裂而发震，所以每期地震迁移均以洱源地区的地震为先导。认为洱源地区的地震活动特征可以作为预测全段地震活动水平的“窗口”，大理地区在今后５年左右的时间内（即１９９６年前后）有发生６级左右地震的可能性。     

张北地震区的断裂构造特征

1998年1月10日张北6．2级地震发生在张家口坝上地区，震区被中、上新世溢流玄武岩覆盖，第四系地层0－3m。电磁波遥感探测结果表明，张北震区存在NEE、NWW和NE向三组断裂。野外调查证实NWW向的小水泉－－满井断裂，尚义县套里庄乡东水泉南北向断裂和赤城－－尚义大断理解的东西向次级断裂都明显错断中、上新世玄武岩及其夹层。热释光（TL）年龄测定结果表明，这三条断裂的最新活动时代分别为16．7万年，20．3万年和14．3万年。张北地震发生在NEE、NE和NWW向三组断裂的交汇区附近，NWW向的小水泉－－满井断裂是发震断裂。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.