云南边境少数民族艾滋病低流行地区预防保健工作者相关知识、态度及需求

目的了解云南边境少数民族艾滋病低流行地区预防保健工作者艾滋病知识、态度、开展宣传教育的困难及对艾滋病知识和信息的需求.方法选择怒江傈僳族自治州福贡县全体预防保健工作者作为调查对象,进行问卷调查及个人访谈,并对问卷进行统计分析.结果预防保健工作者对艾滋病传播知识掌握较好,但对艾滋病深入一点的专业知识知晓率却很低,问卷平均得分为56.71,知识知晓状况与是否参加过培训相关.结论应加强边境少数民族艾滋病低流行区预防保健工作者艾滋病的教育,传授宣传教育的技能.     

Immunisation attitudes, knowledge and practices of health professionals in regional NSW

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the immunisation knowledge, attitudes and practices among health professionals in two regional Area Health Services of NSW with low and high immunisation rates. It also compared these factors between the areas and between the health professional groups. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was posted in 2006 to health professionals, located within the North Coast and Hunter New England Area Health Services, whose practice could include immunisation. This included general practitioners (GPs), practice nurses, community nurses, hospital nurses and midwives. RESULTS: Out of 926 surveys sent, 434 were returned (47%). The great majority of the health professionals (97%) believed that vaccines were safe, effective and necessary. However, in approximately one-third of respondents, there were specific concerns about additives, immune system overload and the number of vaccines. Significantly more health professionals in the North Coast area believed that additives in vaccines may be harmful and that adding more vaccines to the schedule would make immunisation too complex. Among GPs, over half felt uncomfortable about giving more than two injections at the one visit. CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals in this study had overall confidence in vaccines but had specific concerns about the number of vaccines given to children and vaccine content. These unfounded concerns may reduce parental confidence in immunisation. IMPLICATIONS: There is value in governments and immunisation support workers continuing their efforts to maintain up-to-date knowledge among health professionals and support the delivery of appropriate and targeted information to address concerns about vaccines.     

Knowledge,attitudes, and practices regarding ticks and tick-borne diseases,Finland

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) are endemic in Finland, with tens and thousands of cases, respectively, reported annually. We performed a field survey to investigate people’s knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding ticks, tick-borne diseases, and prevention strategies.The KAP were assessed using a pre-validated anonymous questionnaire consisting of 39 questions and statements. On two consecutive days in July 2016, convenience sampling was used in the cities of Parainen and Kotka, located in high-risk areas of tick-borne diseases, particularly of TBE. In attitudes and practices sections, each question was scored and analysed with ordered logistic regression model.In total, 101 individuals responded. The TBE vaccination rate among respondents was 40%. The best known preventive measures were having vaccination against TBE (88%), and wearing long sleeves and pants against ticks (81%). Two-thirds incorrectly identified the ring-like rash as a symptom of TBE. Of all respondents, 78% could not exclude that TBE can be treated with antibiotics; 55% that vaccine protects against LB; and 46% that it protects against ticks. The minority (14%) believed tick repellents to be effective. Among preventive behaviour, the quick removal of an attached tick was most frequently applied (97%). Repellents were used by 21% when visiting tick-infested areas. Significant associations were found between the vaccination status and having a correct belief that the vaccine protects against TBE (P < 0.001) but not against ticks (P < 0.05), or LB (P < 0.001).KAP is a quick and easy tool to get a rough estimation on people’s awareness regarding ticks and tick-borne diseases. We identified gaps in knowledge and misbeliefs. Our results can be used in public health communication tools on tick-borne diseases, especially those on intervention strategies.     

学校卫生人员预防儿童性虐待知识态度及教育状况

目的了解学校卫生人员预防儿童性虐待知识态度及教育活动.方法对74名来自13个省、市、自治区的学校卫生人员进行了不记名问卷调查.结果 97.3%的被调查人员赞成学校开展预防儿童性侵犯教育;学校卫生人员对儿童性侵犯问题有所了解,但仍有近半数人员缺少预防儿童性侵犯基本知识,在14名担任小学健康教育课的老师中,只有3人回答给学生讲过人身体的隐私部位是不能随便被人看到和触摸的.比较多的被调查人员认为有关预防儿童性侵犯教育内容"人身体各部分的名称""好的接触和坏的接触""与他人交往原则""安全注意事项"等应该从小学1、2年级开始讲.结论大多数学校卫生人员对学校预防儿童性侵犯教育持支持态度;应重视小学预防儿童性侵犯的教育以及对学校卫生人员有关预防儿童性侵犯教育基本知识和技能的培训.     

佛山市南海区某高校大学生艾滋病知识态度及性观念调查分析

目的了解南海区某校大学生对艾滋病知识的掌握程度及性观念，为健康教育工作提供依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法抽取调查对象进行匿名自填式问卷调查。结果共调查南海区某师范大学3129名大学生，大学生对艾滋病三大传播途径的知晓率均在93％以上，女性平均知晓率为82．7％，高于男性的80．3％，对“蚊子叮咬不能传播”和“性病患者易得AIDS”知晓率较低，分别为43．9％和37．3％；有89．4％的学生希望给予艾滋病患者关心和同情，对于“如果感染了HIV”的态度，73．9％的学生选择“积极面对”；对于婚前性行为和同性恋行为选择“赞同”或“无所谓”的学生分别占55．0％、48．0％，在对发生性行为前是否使用安全套时，45．0％的学生选择“不使用”或“看情况”。结论大学生性观念开放，存在高危行为，应制定适合大学生的艾滋病健康教育措施，培养正确的性观念和健康的生活方式。     

AIDS: Awareness and blood handling practices of health care workers in Lagos,Nigeria

A questionnaire survey of 260 health care workers from 13 randomly selected health care facilities was undertaken. Their knowledge, attitude, belief and blood handling practices regarding HIV/AIDS were enquired about. Virtually all (99.0%) respondents had heard about AIDS but only 57.0% had seen an AIDS patient before. Although 83.0% knew that AIDS is caused by a virus, a high proportion still confuses mode of transmission with causative agent. Deficient knowledge was exhibited when asked about groups of people who were at a higher risk of contracting HIV and AIDS: Only 54.6% and 51.5% identified homosexuals and IV drug users as being at a higher risk. Almost all (97.0%) of our respondents claimed to have been more careful in their blood handling practices since the emergence of AIDS, 68.5% wore gloves for all procedures involving handling of blood and 28.5% sometimes although as many as 30.4%, 40.4% and 18.1% do not wear gloves for cleaning up blood stained materials, nursing procedures and taking obstetric delivery respectively. It was evident from their responses that not all the health workers knew the correct method for disposing of used bloodstained instruments and left-over blood samples and neither were they all adhering to the safety guidelines recommended for handling these materials. Education of all health care workers in Nigeria on the Universal Precautions Guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1987 regarding blood, body fluids and contaminated instruments' handling precautions is urgently recommended.     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices about vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccinations of children among pregnant women in Greece

Vaccine hesitancy has been recognized by the World Health Organization as one of ten threats to public health globally in 2019. Pregnant women constitute an extremely important group for the study of knowledge and attitudes towards pediatric vaccinations. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted in two maternity hospitals in Athens. A standardized questionnaire was used. A total of 814 pregnant women with a mean age of 33.1 years and a mean gestational age of 24.4 weeks were studied. Overall, 717 (89%) of 804 pregnant women reported that they intend to vaccinate their baby in accordance with the National Vaccination Program, 7 (1%) that they do not, while 80 (10%) reported that they have not decided yet. The women provided a mean of 11.4 correct replies out of 14 questions about vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccines (mean knowledge score: 81.5%). A pediatrician has been recognized as the source for information about vaccines in most cases (611/809, 75.5%), while in 215 (26.6%) the internet was also used. Overall, pregnant women trusted physicians about information for vaccines (“very much trusted” in 55.9% and “quite trusted” in 40% of cases). Lastly, 642 (81%) women agreed with the statement “vaccinations should be mandatory for school entry” while 70 (9%) women agreed with the statement “parents should have the right to refuse their children vaccinations”. A multivariate analysis found that a gestational age of ≤20 weeks (OR = 2.33, CIs: 1.27–4.28, p-value = 0.006), having another child (OR = 4.44, CIs: 2.30–8.58, p-value < 0.001), a history of influenza vaccination (OR = 2.54, CIs = 1.37–4.71, p-value = 0.003), and a higher knowledge score about vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccines (OR = 1.33, CIs: 1.23–1.45, p-value < 0.001) were significantly associated with an increased probability to get their child vaccinated in accordance with the National Vaccination Program.     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices about influenza vaccination among pregnant women and healthcare providers serving pregnant women in Managua,Nicaragua

BackgroundNicaragua implemented an influenza vaccination program for pregnant women with high-risk obstetric conditions in 2007. In 2014, the recommendation of influenza vaccination expanded to include all pregnant women. Given the expansion in the recommendation of vaccination, we evaluated knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women and their healthcare providers towards influenza vaccination and its recommendation.MethodsWe conducted surveys among pregnant women and their healthcare providers from June to August 2016 at two hospitals and 140 health facilities in Managua. The questions were adapted from the U.S. national CDC influenza survey and related to knowledge, attitudes and practices about influenza vaccination and barriers to vaccination. We analyzed reasons for not receiving vaccination among pregnant women as well as receipt of vaccination recommendation and offer by their healthcare providers.ResultsOf 1,303 pregnant women enrolled, 42% (5 4 5) reported receiving influenza vaccination in the 2016 season. Of those who reported not receiving vaccination, 46% indicated barriers to vaccination. Pregnant women who were vaccinated were more likely to be aware of the recommendation for vaccination and the risks of influenza illness during pregnancy and to perceive the vaccine as safe and effective, compared to unvaccinated pregnant women (p-values < 0.001). Of the 619 health workers enrolled, over 89% recalled recommending influenza vaccination to all pregnant women, regardless of obstetric risk. Of the 1,223 women who had a prenatal visit between the start date of the influenza vaccination and the time of interview, 44% recalled receiving a recommendation for influenza vaccination and 43% were offered vaccination. Vaccination rates were higher for those receiving a recommendation and offer of vaccination compared with those who received neither (95% vs 5%, p-value < 0.001).ConclusionPregnant women in Managua had positive perceptions of influenza vaccine and were receptive to receiving influenza vaccination, especially after the offer and recommendation by their healthcare providers.     

Exploring vaccination coverage and attitudes of health care workers towards influenza vaccine in Cyprus

Seasonal influenza is a major public health problem. Nosocomial influenza is particularly concerning as it may affect patients at high risk for complications. Unvaccinated health care workers (HCWs) are an important source of nosocomial influenza and therefore a priority target group for vaccination. Despite the fact that some European countries have high coverage rates such as UK (76.8% in season 2020/21), others continue to have low coverage rates for influenza vaccines. This study aims to estimate vaccination coverage in HCWs in Cyprus, an island country located in the Eastern Mediterranean region and describe their attitudes towards influenza vaccination.MethodsThis is a questionnaire based, nation-wide study assessing flu vaccination coverage in 2019–2020 and attitudes related to vaccination acceptance, of 962 HCWs in both public and private health care facilities. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with flu vaccination status.ResultsFlu vaccination coverage was estimated as 31.8%. The top two reasons for getting vaccinated were to protect their family (81.4%) and themselves (77.4%). The top two reasons for not getting immunised, besides “no particular reason” (25.7%), included disbelief for vaccine effectiveness (21.5%) and safety (29.3%). The regression model showed that doctors compared to nurses had 10 times the odds of being vaccinated. Other factors positively associated with flu vaccination were encouragement by the supervisor, having sufficient knowledge on flu and flu vaccination and easy access to vaccination. A percentage of 54.8% of participants stated that COVID-19 pandemic strongly or somewhat influenced their decision to get vaccinated.ConclusionFlu vaccination coverage in HCWs in Cyprus is rather low, similar to some other European countries. Barriers and facilitators in this study can be considered in strategies to increase flu vaccination uptake. Such questionnaire-based surveys should be repeated in order to evaluate effectiveness of targeted vaccination campaigns.     

Emergency contraception in Mexico City: knowledge,attitudes, and practices among providers and potential clients after a 3-year introduction effort

Emergency contraception (EC) has the potential to reduce unwanted pregnancy significantly, in Mexico as elsewhere. Recent years have seen tremendous growth in programs and research devoted to expanding access to emergency methods worldwide. In Mexico City, we conducted a pre-intervention/post-intervention research study of one way to introduce EC. Following a baseline survey of family planning providers and clients in 1997, we organized and implemented a three-year program of training for health care providers and a multi-faceted information campaign for the general public, including a national toll-free hotline and website. In 2000, we again surveyed family planning clinic providers and clients, using instruments similar to those employed in the baseline study. EC awareness increased significantly from 13% of clients to 32%, and support jumped from 73% to 83%. Providers at study clinics improved method recognition from 88% to 100%.     

东阳市娱乐场所性工作者艾滋病感染现状和相关知识调查

目的了解东阳市娱乐场所性工作者HIV感染现状及艾滋病相关知识的知晓情况,为开展针对性的艾滋病健康教育干预提供科学依据。方法在东阳市城区娱乐场所中对439名性工作者进行HIV抗体检测和面对面问卷调查。结果经HIV抗体检测,439份血样中未发现阳性者。艾滋病相关知识平均知晓率为63.20%;平均年龄为23.28岁;以未婚为主,占71.75%;仅37.13%的人认为一个看起来健康的人会有艾滋病。电视、广播、报刊杂志及听朋友说是他们获得已有的艾滋病相关知识的主要途径;喜欢获得的主要途径是电视、报刊杂志、听医生讲及收听广播。约三分之一的人在其熟人感染艾滋病病毒之后还是愿意与他/她继续交往。结论娱乐场所内性工作者对艾滋病相关知识了解片面,除了设计制作具有针对性的健康教育材料外,开展以医务人员外展和同伴教育为主的健康教育干预活动已成当务之急。     

汕头大学学生营养知识—态度—行为现状

目的：了解汕头大学学生有关营养知识、态度、行为现状及存在的问题，为今后开展营养教育的设计提供科学依据。方法：采用问卷调查的方式对汕头大学不同专业的大学生进行调查。结果：大学生的营养知识普遍缺乏，并存在一些不合理的饮食行为，但大多数学生具有良好的接受营养教育的态度。结论：在大学生中加强和开展营养教育势在必行。同时，应考虑到传统饮食化、经济、心理等因素的影响，针对沿海地区大学生的具体情况设计教育内容，是营养教育成功的前提。     

口腔专业学生对艾滋病的知识与态度

口腔疾患是HIV/AIDS患者重要和早期的临床表现之一,口腔医疗服务不仅有利于治疗患者的口腔疾患,改善患者的生活质量,而且可以降低HIV的传播.口腔专业医学院校的学生是未来提供HIV/AIDS患者口腔医疗服务的重要卫生资源,他们的HIV/AIDS认识和态度对未来提供的服务具有重要的影响.此文对口腔专业医学院学生的HIV...     

2008年南宁市社区居民艾滋病知识水平及对减低毒品危害的态度调查

[目的]了解社区居民有关艾滋病知识水平及对预防艾滋病和减低毒品危害工作的态度，为今后开展社区宣传工作及指导减低毒品危害工作提供科学依据。[方法]2008年6月，在南宁市6个社区随机抽取部分居民进行调查。[结果]调查445人，知晓全部20道题的9人（占2．02％），传播途径知识知晓率为74．61％，预防措施知识知晓率为71．78％，总体知识知晓率为73．58％；减低毒品危害态度，支持开展针具交换工作的占70．79％，支持美沙酮维持治疗工作的占77．75％。[结论]南宁市部分社区居民艾滋病知识知晓率较低。     

艾滋病知识培训对基层医务人员知识、态度、行为的影响

目的评估艾滋病知识培训对基层医务人员的知识、态度和行为的影响。方法对接受培训的57名基层医务人员进行培训前后测试和调查其对艾滋病的态度。结果经过培训,医务人员的平均测试成绩比培训前提高47.6%,艾滋病职业暴露的正确回答率提高幅度,最大为172%,医务人员对艾滋病观点的正确应答率也显著提高。结论基层医务人员需要强化艾滋病职业暴露知识和树立正确的艾滋病防治观,建议合理设置课程和采用以传播知识和改变态度为主旨的新型培训模式。     

警务人员艾滋病职业暴露的知识、态度、信念及行为调查

目的 对警务人员进行艾滋病职业暴露知识的调查,为进一步在警务人员中开展预防知识培训提供依据.方法 采用保密和匿名的问卷调查,对人口密集的广州市越秀区130位警务人员进行调查.结果警务人员在执行任务时存在大量的职业暴露危险因素,而且警务人员缺乏必要的应对能力.约40%的警务人员缺少自我防护意识;71名警务人员表示有过艾滋病职业暴露的危险,占62.83%,还有30人不确定有无,此两者共占89.38%;77%的警察不清楚职业暴露事件基本处理步骤.结论 所调查警务人员对艾滋病防治知识的了解缺乏深度,亟待加强艾滋病职业暴露相关教育与培训.     

乌鲁木齐市劳教场所中警务人员艾滋病知识及态度调查分析

目的了解乌鲁木齐市劳教场所内警务人员对艾滋病态度及艾滋病知识的知晓情况。方法采用整群抽样的方法，以问卷的形式对乌鲁木齐市辖区内的监管场所的238名警务人员做调查。结果警务人员对艾滋病的3种主要传播途径的正确认知率分别为血液传播99．50％、性传播91．50％及母婴传播88．70％，对接吻、蚊虫叮咬这两项非传播途径的认知率较低，分别为85．40％，70．50％；对艾滋病的相关防治行为中，知道洁身自好（81．70％），不静脉吸毒（80．30％）及不盲目输入血液或血液制品（79．30％）可以预防艾滋病，但对每次使用安全套可以预防艾滋病缺乏信心，其准确率为56．30％；被调查者中98．10％认为艾滋病病人应得到关怀、91．10％认为预防艾滋病与自身有关，而60．70％的被调查者认为艾滋病将来不会威胁自己的家庭。结论乌鲁木齐市劳教场所内警务人员艾滋病的基本知识和态度现状总体上较好，但仍应重点加强警务人员对艾滋病非传播途径的健康教育工作。     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices related to the influenza virus and vaccine among older adults in Eastern China

BackgroundThis study aims to assess the association between socio-demographic and health characteristics of older adults in Eastern China and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about the influenza virus and vaccine.MethodsA prospective cohort of 1506 older adults (aged ≥60 years) was enrolled from November to December 2015 in Jiangsu Province. We examined the association between demographics, health and functional status, and cognitive impairment at enrollment with awareness of influenza virus and vaccine and KAP items focused on five Health Belief Model domains. At a 12-month follow-up interview we assessed change in awareness and readiness to be vaccinated.ResultsOne in five older adults was aware of the influenza virus (21%) or vaccine (20%); even fewer reported having at least “a little” knowledge of the virus and vaccine (7% and 4%, respectively); less than 1% reported ever receiving an influenza vaccine. Retirement, higher education and income, and normal cognitive status were consistently associated with both awareness and knowledge of influenza virus. The odds of having at least “a little” knowledge of the vaccine was 2.9-fold (95% CI = 1.6–5.3) higher among older adults with at least some secondary schooling. Among the 108 with knowledge of the virus, 55% said they “worry about getting the flu this season.” Among the 73 with knowledge of the vaccine, 92% believed the vaccine was at least somewhat effective and less than half (43%) thought that influenza vaccination was safe. At a 12-month follow-up interview, 33% (442/1333) increased from no knowledge to at least “a little”.ConclusionsIf and when influenza vaccines become widely available to older adults in China, our results indicate that influenza vaccination campaigns with basic information on the virus and vaccine could be beneficial for all older adults, especially those with less education and/or more cognitive impairment.     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices of Australian medical students towards influenza vaccination

BackgroundAnnual influenza vaccination is recommended but not compulsory for healthcare workers in Australia, including medical students. A quarter of healthcare workers are estimated to have an influenza infection in any given year, with a subsequent transmission risk to colleagues and patients. During clinical placements, medical students are also at risk of influenza. While compliance with other vaccination requirements are high, influenza vaccine uptake of healthcare workers and medical students remain low globally. We aimed to explore medical students’ influenza vaccination rates, attitudes, knowledge and intended practices at a large Australian university.MethodA 35 item self-administered online survey was distributed to medical students enrolled at a large Australian university (UNSW Australia) in April/May 2014. The survey examined the knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical students towards influenza vaccination and identified factors associated with vaccine uptake.ResultsOf the 606 students, 53.8% (95%CI 49.8–57.8%) receiving their most recent influenza vaccine in 2014. Self-protection was the most common motivator (83%) and inconvenience (64%) the most common barrier to vaccination, despite access to on campus clinics. Students generally held positive attitudes to the influenza vaccine and vaccination recommendations, though some misconceptions existed. The majority (61%) were in support of mandatory influenza vaccination policies for medical students. Significant predictors of influenza vaccination included living on campus, clinical experience, awareness of vaccination recommendations and agreeing that vaccination was important for medical students, while those with perceived time constraints were less likely to be vaccinated.ConclusionMisconceptions and access to influenza vaccine were barriers to uptake of influenza vaccine by medical students. Medical programs need to emphasise the benefits of influenza vaccination in the protection of healthcare workers and patient safety across the medical education program. Our results suggesting majority support for mandatory influenza vaccination may represent a shifting perspective in the medical community.     

2009年滕州市某职业技术学院学生艾滋病知识调查

[目的]了解滕州市大中专学生对艾滋病基本知识知晓情况,为今后进行健康教育提供参考。[方法]2009年5月,对枣庄科技职业学院1080名大中专学生进行问卷调查。[结果]调查1080人,艾滋病基本知识总知晓率为86.72%。艾滋病基本知识总知晓率,大专学生、中专学生分别为87.86%、81.35%（P〈0.01）;医学生、非医学生分别为90.61%、82.13%（P〈0.01）,女生、男生分别为87.61%、82.58%（P〈0.01）;来自城镇、农村的学生分别为86.88%、83.00%（P〉0.05）。调查对象对艾滋病三大传播途径的知晓率均在90.00%以上,对部分非传播途径的知晓率在60.00%以下。获取艾滋病知识最主要的途径是网络、报刊和电视。[结论]大中专学生艾滋病基本知识知晓率较高,但不全面。