基于局部应力应变法的钢结构疲劳裂纹形成寿命预测

介绍了局部应力应变法的基本原理,在修正Neuber法的基础上,结合能量法的原理,通过修正应变疲劳曲线的弹性部分和变K_f(疲劳缺口系数)法来推导得到钢结构疲劳裂纹的形成寿命预测计算式。通过实例计算对传统局部应力应变法和提出的修正局部应力应变法的计算结果以及试验结果进行对比,可以发现此方法能较好地预测钢结构疲劳裂纹形成寿命。     

钢箱梁横隔板疲劳裂纹特征与实桥试验的轮载应力

弧形切口处横隔板母材开裂是正交异性桥面板钢箱梁常见的疲劳病害。因研究方法的局限性,对其疲劳机理尚缺乏公认的认识。对此,考察并给出了两个背景工程的横隔板疲劳裂纹特征;针对无裂纹横隔板,进行了现场多种纵横向移动布载工况的轮载试验及相应的FEA计算,给出了结果及其规律。研究表明：①横隔板母材开裂常出现在远离U肋的上起弧点附近;开裂后,裂纹两侧的横隔板常有平面外的错动;②远离U肋的上起弧点附近横隔板的轮载应力始终为压应力,且应力绝对值最大;与U肋交界附近横隔板的轮载应力始终为拉应力,应力值次之;③横隔板平面外弯曲变形引起的应力相对膜应力很小,特别是弧形切口周边的潜在起裂处,两表面应力差几乎为0;④横隔板母材起裂处的压应力方向与裂纹方向几乎垂直;⑤顶板厚16mm、U肋厚10mm的背景工程,紧邻横隔板的U肋轮载应力不超过22MPa,应力幅小,几乎无疲劳开裂风险;⑥弧形切口周边轮载应力的最不利纵向加载位置为纵向距该横隔板约1倍的U肋间距;稍远处轮载应力的最不利纵向加载位置为其正上方。     

基于连续介质法研究焊接钢节点疲劳裂纹的产生和发展

采用基于连续介质的离散裂纹增长方法对焊接钢节点进行疲劳寿命分析。该方法将材料硬度和粒度的统计信息应用于累积损伤模型。通过疲劳强度试验验证了该方法的准确性,采用该方法预测的裂纹增长速率和疲劳寿命与试验结果一致。     

Fatigue life prediction of heavy mining equipment. Part 1: Fatigue load assessment and crack growth rate tests

Frequent fatigue failure of heavy mining equipment has created the need for fatigue life prediction of its cracked components. As the first step, field monitoring of a cable shovel boom that had a history of chronic fatigue cracking was conducted. A set of load spectra for the boom was constructed from the collected field data. A finite element model of the boom was prepared and calibrated against the test data to predict the stress and strain histories. Eight crack growth rate coupon tests were carried out to obtain the fatigue properties of the material used. Constant amplitude equivalent stress ranges were calculated based on Palmgren-Miner’s cumulative damage rule and crack growth rate tests results.     

预裂纹混凝土拉压疲劳荷载下裂纹扩展速率

为研究C50混凝土预裂纹在拉压循环荷载下的扩展速率,进行了应力比为-1,应力幅值为020~130MPa的拉压疲劳试验.针对混凝土在拉压疲劳荷载下裂纹扩展时其长度不易确定的问题,提出潜行等效裂纹长度假说对试验结果进行分析.结果表明：混凝土裂纹第1阶段起始扩展区和第2阶段稳定扩展区比较明显,第3阶段加速扩展区不明显,在稳定扩展区后期,裂纹扩展曲线的斜率并不像金属那样快速增加,而是增幅趋缓,在稳定扩展阶段后期无征兆突然破坏,与混凝土脆性断裂的特性相一致.利用最小二乘法拟合得到裂纹扩展速率Pairs公式中的参数C,m,在考虑50%,90%,99%的存活率时,C可在031~045,076~099,122~198中取值,m取值范围对存活率大小的敏感性较低,可在30~48之间取值.     

采用声发射技术预测钢桥中的疲劳裂纹发展

声发射信号与裂纹发展间的关系对正常工作状态下桥梁的健康检测非常重要。以正常工作状态下的工况为例,对钢桥进行试验研究,并建立声发射绝对能量率和裂纹发展率间的关系。由于在实际桥梁中不好确定应力集中区域,而本方法又与应力集中区域无关,故能简化寿命预测过程。采用ASTM A572G50碳钢制作紧凑拉伸试件,进行疲劳试验,并从疲劳裂纹中侦测声发射信号。通过联合Swansong II过滤器和波形研究,过滤由噪声引起的声发射信号。波形研究适用于过滤数据和解释现场试验。基于试验数据和本模型,预测裂纹发展和疲劳寿命,与实际裂纹吻合,这也验证了本模型的正确性。研究表明:在疲劳裂纹预测中,采用声发射完全能量率比采用计数率更经济。     

Fatigue life prediction of heavy mining equipment. Part 2: Behaviour of corner crack in steel welded box section and remaining fatigue life determination

Frequent fatigue failure of mining equipment has created a need for fatigue life prediction of several components that suffer from frequent recurrence of fatigue cracking. The focus of this paper is the frequent occurrence of fatigue cracks in the boom of cable shovels, which consists of a twin box girder joining together near both extremities. After the determination of load spectrum and the material fatigue properties by field monitoring and material testing, the fatigue behaviour of a cracked shovel boom was investigated. Two-tip corner cracks were of particular interest since they are commonly observed in the field. These cracks typically initiate in the flange at the toe of web to flange or flange to diaphragm welds and propagate into the web. Detailed finite element models with corner cracks were developed for the boom and stress intensity factors for various crack configurations were evaluated from the finite element analysis results. The growth behaviour of corner cracks was studied and a simplified method is presented for the fatigue life prediction. Fracture toughness tests were conducted on single edge notch bend specimens at room temperature and low temperature (−50 ^°C). The remaining life of a cracked boom is then determined based on brittle fracture or unstable crack growth.