Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物的制备及其对水中As(Ⅲ)的去除

采用共沉淀法制备了新型Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物吸附剂,并对其表面特性及除砷性能进行了初步研究。比表面和孔隙测试结果表明:2种Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物TF和TM的比表面积分别为148.6,147.6 m2/g,平均孔径分别为6.2,6.5 nm。Lagergren二级吸附动力学模型,可以很好地描述Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物吸附去除As(Ⅲ)的动力学过程。Freundlich和Langmuir方程均能较好地描述Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物吸附As(Ⅲ)的过程,而且Freundlich方程的拟合效果更好(R2>0.96);TF和TM对As(Ⅲ)的饱和吸附容量分别达到76.92,38.76 mg/g。当PO34-浓度小于2 mmol/L时,TF和TM对As(Ⅲ)的去除率分别可以达到空白样的90%和80%以上;浓度为10 mmol/L时,去除率也可分别达到60%和55%。Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物能够有效减轻PO34-对吸附性能的抑制。     

镁铝复合氢氧化物对于水体中砷的去除研究

砷污染己经是全球性污染问题,受到了各界普遍关注。砷具有强毒性,且可致癌;若含As离子的废水不经处理,排入自然水体,会严重污染生态环境,危害人体健康。镁铝复合氢氧化物是在强化混凝过程中形成的,并且高聚合度的铝系混凝剂有利于形成更多的镁铝复合物;本次研究主要利用这种材料,研究其对于As离子的去除效果,以及去除后的表征情况,可以得出如下结论:pH、As离子浓度是较关键的影响因素,这些因素均影响着镁铝复合氢氧化物的形成情况以及其对于离子的去除效果。通过一些表征说明,镁铝复合物的形态呈无定形,具有巨大的比表面积,成分也较为复杂;在一定pH保证下,聚合度较高的Al13较AlCl3形成复合物的颗粒要大,说明形成的镁铝复合氢氧化物对于污染离子的去除起到了更加积极的促进作用。     

载铁(Ⅲ)-配位体交换棉纤维吸附剂去除饮用水中砷(Ⅴ)的研究

通过动态实验。研究了高砷饮用水的不同进水流速和不同砷(Ⅴ)浓度对新型载铁(Ⅲ)-配位体交换棉纤维吸附剂IFe(Ⅲ）-LECCAI去除砷（Ⅴ）的效果。当1mg／L高砷饮用水．在2．8mL／min的流速下。通过内装Fe(Ⅲ）-LECCA6.3mL、径高比为1：11的吸附柱时，饮用水出水砷浓度符合世界卫生组织(WHO)规定饮水砷标准(0．01mg／L)．流出饮用水的穿透体积为2．4L．饱和点的工作吸附容量高达73．63mg／g。出水中有关各项水质指标均符合我国生活饮用未卫生标准(GB5749-85)。     

不同粒径铁铝泥对砷(Ⅲ)的吸附效果

以给水处理厂废弃铁铝泥(ferric and alum water treatment residuals,FARs)为载体,考察了不同粒径FARs对砷(Ⅲ)的吸附效果.不同粒径FARs的有效铁铝含量、比表面积和孔体积分别为523.72～1 861.72 mmol.kg-1、28.15～265.59 m2.g-1和0.03～0.09 cm3.g-1,总有机质、富里酸、胡敏酸和胡敏素分别为46.97～91.58、0.02～32.27、22.27～34.09和10.76～34.22 mg.kg-1.SEM和XRD检测表明,不同粒径FARs均以无定形结构存在.批量实验结果表明,准一级和准二级动力学方程均能较好地反映FARs吸附砷(Ⅲ)的动力学过程.不同粒径FARs对砷(Ⅲ)的吸附量随着浓度的增加而增高,用Langmuir等温线方程拟合获得理论饱和吸附量在6.72～21.79 mg.g-1之间.pH值对FARs吸附砷(Ⅲ)的作用影响不大.砷(Ⅲ)吸附量大小与不同粒径FARs的理化性质的变化趋势基本一致,由相关性分析可得,有效铁铝含量和孔体积大小是影响FARs对砷(Ⅲ)吸附的主要因素.     

铁矿渣去除水中砷实验研究

铁矿渣是常见的廉价固体废弃物之一,以铁矿渣为吸附材料,运用环境扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射仪分析其形貌和矿物成份,进行静态批实验和动态土柱吸附实验。研究表明铁矿渣对高砷水中五价砷的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温曲线,温度对吸附砷效果影响明显,较高温度有利于砷的吸附(40℃30℃20℃),温度主要影响吸附过程中孔隙扩散阶段的吸附速率,高砷水呈酸性时吸附效果优于碱性条件。土柱吸附实验当进水砷为1829.2μg/L时,进水体积比为1200倍时,出水浓度仍低于50μg/L,且出水的铁、铜、银、锌等金属离子均未超标。该论文为进一步探究铁矿渣对高砷水中砷的去除提供了实验研究支撑。     

有机酸-铁改性活性炭去除饮用水中的砷

利用有机酸(柠檬酸和EDTA)螯合铁加载来改性活性炭,采用动态活性炭小柱进行吸附穿透实验来检测改性后活性炭对砷的吸附能力.研究表明,加载到活性炭上的铁的量随着有机酸和铁浓度增加而增加,在EDTA和铁的浓度分别为0.1mol/L时,活性炭上的铁含量从未加载时的0.24%升至6.18%.改性后的活性炭对砷吸附能力有显著增加,EDTA-Fe改性后的活性炭对As(V)和As(III)穿透时,运行的床体积达到未改性活性炭的10倍.一般情况下,低pH对As(V)的吸附有利.在水体常见pH值范围内(pH 6~9),As(III)的吸附受到影响较小.活性炭上用有机酸螯合法加载的铁大部分以不定形的形式存在,且晶体化效果不明显.     

零价铁复合石英砂填料(ZVI-Sand)去除水体中不同形态砷

利用零价铁复合石英砂(ZVI-Sand)制备砷吸附填料,对水体中2 mg·L-1As(III)或As(V)进行连续柱实验,研究了不同形态砷在ZVI-Sand填充柱内的去除效果及其沿柱层分布规律.实验结果表明:连续运行14 d,ZVI-Sand填充柱对As(III)和As(V)的去除率均达到90%以上;15 d后,随着ZVI-Sand填充柱中ZVI腐蚀变为棕黄色,其对砷的去除能力明显降低.ZVI-Sand填充柱对As(V)的去除总量高于As(III),累积计算得到的ZVI对砷吸附容量分别达到70 mg·g-1和57 mg·g-1.ZVI-Sand填充柱对As(III)与As(V)的固定能力沿柱高呈先升高后降低的趋势.另外,实验过程中ZVI在去除As(V)的反应柱中出水总铁累积量大于去除As(III)的反应柱.     

人工合成铁、铝矿物和镁铝双金属氧化物对土壤砷的钝化效应

应用室内模拟培养的方法,研究了人工合成铁、铝矿物和镁铝双金属氧化物对砷超标土壤中砷的钝化效果.每种钝化剂均设置0.1％、0.5％、1.0％、2.5％和5.0％五个添加量处理.结果表明,添加水铝矿明显降低了土壤pH值,其中,添加5％水铝矿的处理降幅最大,达到1.20;而添加镁铝双金属氧化物则显著提高了土壤pH值,5％镁铝双金属氧化物的处理土壤pH值由5.04最高可提高至8.09.添加铁铝矿物均降低了土壤有效砷的含量,下降幅度为1.89％～64.15％;而添加镁铝双金属氧化物则使土壤有效砷含量增加;添加水铁矿和针铁矿处理对提高土壤中残留态砷含量的作用较为明显.总体看来,两种人工合成铁矿较镁铝双金属氧化物和水铝矿对土壤中砷有更好的钝化效果,可以作为钝化剂应用于土壤中砷的钝化.     

聚苯乙烯磺酸钠对零价纳米铁表面结构和去除水中As(Ⅲ)的影响

零价纳米铁由于其高反应活性及应用中的灵活性,在地下水原位治理中备受关注.但在应用中,常需要加入分散剂以提高纳米铁悬浮液的稳定性因此,本文以低浓度的聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)作为分散剂,制备了能长时间稳定的复合零价纳米铁(nZVI/PSS)悬浮液,并探讨PSS对nZVI表面结构和去除As(Ⅲ)过程中的影响,结果表明,nZVI和nZVI/PSS颗粒平均粒径均为50 ～ 60 nm;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,相比于nZVI,nZVI/PSS表面上C、OH-和O2-的百分含量增高,而吸附的H2O减少;X-射线衍射(XRD)结果显示,nZVI/PSS在44.8°出现α-Fe0的X射线衍射峰,结晶度比nZVI显著提高.批实验结果表明,As(Ⅲ)的去除率随nZVI(nZVI/PSS)投加量的增大而提高,随溶液初始pH的增大而降低,且nZVI/PSS对As(Ⅲ)的去除率略低于nZVI.动力学拟合结果显示,nZVI和nZVI/PSS对As(Ⅲ)的去除符合准一级反应动力学方程.     

铁改性杭锦土吸附剂对水中砷的去除研究

为提高天然杭锦土对水溶液中砷的吸附性能,采用氯化铁（FeCl₃·6H₂O）浸渍天然黏土矿物杭锦土（HJ）,制备表面负载铁氧化物的铁改性杭锦土除砷吸附剂（FHJ）.通过比表面积（BET）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析技术对材料进行表征以观察其微观形貌特点,通过X射线光电子能谱分析（XPS）和傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）技术测定材料组成及化学基团,以初步探究材料吸附除砷机理.通过批试验考察FHJ投加量、初始pH、共存离子及腐殖酸浓度对FHJ除砷效能的影响.结果表明:①当铁负载比在0~50wt%范围内时,FHJ对溶液中As（Ⅴ）吸附容量随着铁负载比的增加而增加,最佳铁负载比为33wt%,此时铁与杭锦土的理论质量比为1:3.②BET分析结果表明经铁改性后,杭锦土比表面积显著增加,由71.14 m2/g增至158.50 m2/g;SEM分析显示,经改性后杭锦土表面形貌发生明显变化,结合Mapping图表明铁被有效负载到杭锦土表面.③批试验结果表明,As（Ⅴ）去除率随着FHJ投加量的增加而升高;溶液pH对As（Ⅴ）去除率有较大的影响,pH的降低有利于FHJ对砷酸盐的吸附.④FHJ除砷性能受溶液中共存离子CO₃2-、SiO₃2-影响较大,但受Cl-、SO₄2-、NO₃-及腐殖酸影响程度比较小.⑤吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型,Freundlich等温吸附模型可更好地描述FHJ吸附除砷行为（R2=0.999）.⑥XPS分析结果显示,铁氧化物主要以FeOOH和Fe₂O₃的形态负载于杭锦土表面,FTIR表明FeOOH的羟基基团同As（Ⅴ）发生吸附作用,在FHJ除砷过程中,化学吸附是主要的吸附除砷机理.研究显示,铁改性杭锦土除砷效果良好,具有一定的应用潜力.      

利用氢基质生物膜反应器去除水中砷酸盐

利用氢基质生物膜反应器(Hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor,MBfR)研究了NO_3~--N负荷、SO_4~(2-)负荷、As(Ⅴ)负荷、氢分压对水中砷去除效果的影响.结果表明,随着NO_3~--N进水负荷的增加,As(Ⅴ)和SO_4~(2-)还原受到明显抑制,系统产生As(Ⅲ)和NO_2~-的积累;随着SO_4~(2-)进水负荷的增加,反应器内总砷去除率由78.6%(25 mg·L-1SO_4~(2-))降低至1.1%(200 mg·L~(-1)SO_4~(2-)),而此时NO_3~--N的去除基本不受影响.同时,随着进水As(Ⅴ)负荷从0.25 mg·L~(-1)增至2 mg·L~(-1),出水SO_4~(2-)浓度明显升高,反应器内总砷去除率从70.0%降低至47.3%,而此时NO_3~--N的去除基本不受影响;当氢分压低于0.06 MPa时,提高氢分压可降低出水As(Ⅴ)浓度,当氢分压高于0.06 MPa后便不再是控制因素.由于体系中氢自养还原微生物会优先利用NO_3~--N和SO_4~(2-)作为电子受体,因此,为了保证As(Ⅴ)的高效还原去除,必须控制氢分压在0.05~0.07 MPa之间.     

Synthesis of mesoporous Cu/Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide and its adsorption performance for arsenate in aqueous solutions

The mesoporous Cu/Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide(Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH) with carbonate intercalation was synthesized and used for the removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions.The Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,X-ray diffraction crystallography,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller.Effects of various physico-chemical parameters such as pH,adsorbent dosage,contact time and initial arsenate concentration on the adsorption of arsenate onto Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH were investigated.Results showed that it was efficient for the removal of arsenate,and the removal efficiency of arsenate increased with the increment of the adsorbent dosage,while the arsenate adsorption capacity decreased with increase of initial pH from 3 to 11.The adsorption isotherms can be well described by the Langmuir model with R 2 > 0.99.Its adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model.Coexisting ions such as HPO42-,CO32-,SO42and NO3could compete with arsenate for adsorption sites on the Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH.The adsorption of arsenate on the adsorbent can be mainly attributed to the ion exchange process.It was found that the synthesized Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH can reduce the arsenate concentration down to a final level of < 10 μg/L under the experimental conditions,and makes it a potential material for the decontamination of arsenate polluted water.     

Removal efficiency of fluoride by novel Mg-Cr-Cl layered double hydroxide by batch process from water

The fluoride ion removal from aqueous solution using synthesized Mg-Cr-Cl layered double hydroxide has been reported.Mg-Cr-Cl was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared,thermo-gravimetric analysis,differential thermal analysis,and scanning electron microscope.Adsorption experiments were carried out in batch mode as a function of adsorption dosages,contact time,pH,and initial fluoride concentration to get optimum adsorption capacity.The adsorption kinetic study showed that the adsorption process followed first order kinetics.The fluoride removal was 88.5% and 77.4% at pH 7 with an adsorbent dose of 0.6 g/100 mL solution and initial fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L,respectively.The equilibrium was established at 40 min.Adsorption experiment data were fitted well with Langmuir isotherm with R 2 = 0.9924.Thermodynamic constants were also measured and concluded that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature.The removal percentage decreased slowly with increasing pH.This process is suitable for industrial effluents.The regeneration of the material is not possible.     

新型离子交换纤维去除水中砷酸根离子的研究

制备了一种新型离子交换纤维。研究表明,该离子交换纤维对砷酸根离子具有较高的吸附容量和较快的吸附速度,吸附动力学数据完全符合Lagergren二级速度方程,在所研究的砷浓度范围内,Freundlich型吸附等温式能很好地描述吸附平衡数据,去除砷酸根离子的最佳pH值范围是3．5－7．0。离子交换纤维柱吸附实验表明了较好的动态附特性,稀NaOH溶液是砷酸根离子的有效洗脱剂,30mL 0.5mol/L NaOH溶液可定量将96．0mg/g吸附量的砷从纤维柱上洗脱。     

Removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution by using porous adsorbent templated from eco-friendly Pickering aqueous foams

The aqueous foam template without any solvent and only using the particles stabilizer has attracted much attention for preparation of the porous adsorbents. Herein, a novel porous adsorbent was fabricated via thermal-initiated polymerization of Pickering aqueous foams, which was stabilized by the natural sepiolite (Sep) and pine pollen, and utilized for the removal of antibiotic from aqueous solution. The stabilizing mechanism of Pickering aqueous foam of that the Sep was modified with the leaching substance from pine pollen and arranged orderly around the bubble to form a dense “shell” structure was revealed. The adsorbents possessed the hierarchical porous structure and excellent adsorption performance for antibiotic of chlorotetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The equilibrium adsorption capacities of CTC and TC were achieved with 465.59 and 330.59 mg/g within 60 min at 25°C, respectively. The adsorption process obeyed Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model. This work provided eco-friendly approach for fabricate porous adsorbents for wastewater treatment.     

氢氧化铁对砷的吸附与沉淀机理

研究了吸附反应时间为50d和1120d时,As(V)初始浓度和pH值对氢氧化铁吸附砷的影响,并利用傅利叶红外光谱(FTIR)和粉末X射线衍射技术对吸附砷后的氢氧化铁固体进行了表征.结果表明,氢氧化铁对砷的吸附能力与pH有关,在弱酸性到弱碱性条件下,吸附砷的能力最强;在低初始砷浓度(0.01～1 mmol·L-1)和相同pH条件下,吸附率随砷浓度增高而增大.当pH=3、7和12时,吸附等温线都可用Freundlich公式来进行拟合,低初始砷浓度下(0.001～1 mmol·L-1),R2>0.99,高初始砷浓度下(5～1000 mmol·L-1),R2>0.93,吸附反应时间对吸附能力影响不大.红外光谱分析表明,在pH=3条件下,初始砷浓度为50mmol·L-1和500mmol·L-1时,吸附后氢氧化铁固体的红外光谱图上As-O键的伸缩振动谱带分别位于806.11cm-1和821.54cm-1;表明吸附后的氢氧化铁表面有少量的砷酸铁晶体沉淀存在,砷在氢氧化铁表面的平均密度对砷在氢氧化铁表面存在形态有影响.X射线衍射分析表明.在中性和酸性条件下,砷可能是以双配位表面络合的质子化的=FeO2As(O)(OH)-和非质子化的=FeO2As(O)2-形态存在于氢氧化铁表面.     

Mg/Al双金属氧化物对As(V)吸附性能的研究

研究了以镁铝水滑石为原料制备的Mg/Al双金属氧化物对溶液中As(V)的吸附作用及其影响因素.结果表明：Mg/Al双金属氧化物对As(V)具有较强的吸附能力,吸附规律符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,根据计算所得的理论最大吸附量为51.02 mg·g-1,与实验得出的最大吸附量50.53 mg·g-1基本一致;运用3种...     

铁氧化物/壳聚糖复合纳米纤维的制备及吸附五价砷研究

采用高压静电纺丝方法,制备了新型铁氧化物/壳聚糖复合纳米纤维砷吸附剂.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察结果显示,该纳米纤维的平均直径为(158±24)nm.X射线衍射谱图(XRD)表明,该纳米纤维为无定形结构.所制备的吸附剂在弱酸性或中性条件下对砷吸附率大于93%;吸附速率快,100 min内可达到吸附平衡;吸附剂对低浓度砷有很强的吸附亲和力,可将初始浓度为750μg·L-1的砷降低到10μg·L-1以下的安全饮用水水平;中性条件下吸附砷的最大容量为7.1 mg·g-1,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型;有机质对吸附的影响较小;吸附剂可用低浓度Na OH洗脱再生.研究结果表明,该吸附剂制备方法简单,易分离再生,在饮用水除砷领域有较好的应用前景.     

Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate: Batch uptake behavior

Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L.     

Removal of humic substances by biosorption

Fungal pellets of Aspergillus niger 405,Aspergillus ustus 326,and Stachybotrys sp.1103 were used for the removal of humic substances from aqueous solutions.Batchwise biosorption,carried out at pH 6 and 25°C,was monitored spectrophotometrically and the process described with Freundlich’s model.Calculated sorption coeffcients Kf and n showed that A.niger exhibited the highest effciency.A good match between the model and experimental data and a high correlation coeffcient(R2)pointed out to judicious choice of ...