Spatial multi-criteria analysis for selecting potential sites for aquifer recharge via harvesting and infiltration of surface runoff in north Jordan

In (semi-)arid regions, available water resources are scarce and groundwater resources are often overused. Therefore, the option to increase available water resources by managed aquifer recharge (MAR) via infiltration of captured surface runoff was investigated for two basins in northern Jordan. This study evaluated the general suitability of catchments to generate sufficient runoff and tried to identify promising sites to harvest and infiltrate the runoff into the aquifer for later recovery. Large sets of available data were used to create regional thematic maps, which were then combined to constraint maps using Boolean logic and to create suitability maps using weighted linear combination. This approach might serve as a blueprint which could be adapted and applied to similar regions. The evaluation showed that non-committed source water availability is the most restricting factor for successful water harvesting in regions with <200 mm/a rainfall. Experiences with existing structures showed that sediment loads of runoff are high. Therefore, the effectiveness of any existing MAR scheme will decrease rapidly to the point where it results in an overall negative impact due to increased evaporation if maintenance is not undertaken. It is recommended to improve system operation and maintenance, as well as monitoring, in order to achieve a better and constant effectiveness of the infiltration activities.     

GIS-based land suitability analysis integrating multi-criteria evaluation for the allocation of potential pollution sources

The geological environment has been heavily polluted by chemical substances over the past few decades. Pollution sources located on the earth’s surface or underground have affected the quality of the environment. A significant amount of impact could be reduced if the allocation of potential pollution sources was based on an evaluation of environmental conditions. The main objective of this study was to develop a methodology for the allocation of potential pollution sources by employing GIS and multi-criteria evaluation techniques. This methodology was applied to a study area located in the eastern part of Lithuania. A GIS-based land suitability analysis was performed after identifying 16 factors concerning the geological and socio-economic environment, which were important for environmental protection, land use and spatial planning. The environmental and socio-economic factors were divided into eliminating and limiting criteria. Criteria maps based on the selected factors were compiled. Areas delineated by eliminating criteria were identified as unsuitable for development (according to national legislation). Limiting criteria were evaluated according to the suitability level, which were determined in this study considering the principles of sustainable development. The relative importance of each criterion was assessed utilising the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). A land suitability index (LSI) was calculated and the final result of the land suitability analysis was summarized in three suitability maps (environmental, socio-economic and composite). Four suitability classes (unsuitable, least, moderately and most suitable) for the allocation of potential pollution sources in the study area were used, and the nine most suitable candidate sites were selected according to the proposed methodology.     

地震资料的多准则速度分析方法

速度分析是地震数据处理中至关重要的一环,常规速度分析方法中,给定一系列相同间隔的速度进行扫描,以叠加能量或相似系数等作为速度分析的准则制作速度谱.速度谱的能量团通常在正确的动校正速度附近存在一定的发散,从而影响速度的拾取.通过对方差为准则的速度分析方法进行分析和研究,认为方差对同相轴的相干性比较敏感,因此,方差速度谱具有较高的精度.拾取方差速度谱中最小方差数值对应的扫描速度为动校正速度,然而实际资料处理时,由于精度太高,最小方差数值对应的区域太小,不利于速度的拾取.为此笔者提出了以方差倒数、叠加能量和相似系数三者的乘积为目标函数的多准则速度分析方法.噪声会对方差产生影响,然而噪声只是提高方差的整体数值,不会改变方差的相对大小关系,因此地震数据含有一定噪声时本文方法仍然适用.通过模型数据和实际资料的处理,验证了本方法的正确性和实用性.     

三维矿产资源潜力评价中GIS空间分析的应用研究

三维矿产资源潜力评价是近年来随着三维地学建模技术的发展而提出的,为大比例尺矿产预测、危机矿山中深部找矿提供了新的思路和技术手段,而三维空间分析则是在三维地学模型基础上的进一步分析和应用。介绍了三维矿产资源潜力评价的概念、流程以及目前常用的GIS空间分析手段。针对三维矿产资源潜力评价,分别从成矿分析、控矿信息提取、控矿信息综合和评价结果分析4个方面阐述三维查询分析、三维缓冲分析和三维叠加分析等不同三维空间分析手段的应用。通过安庆铜铁矿实例,展示了该矿床三维矿产资源潜力评价中GIS空间分析的应用。     

GIS数据用于复杂边坡三维极限平衡稳定分析

利用基于GIS（Geographic Information System,地理信息系统）栅格数据的三维极限平衡分析模型,可以充分考虑边坡的三维复杂空间特性。经过数据的获得、数据的处理、模型的建立和稳定性分析,不但给出了边坡的三维安全系数,而且给出了危险滑动面上的滑动力分布矢量图。结果表明,滑动面上力的分布极不均匀,呈现明显的复杂空间特性。     

Assessment of groundwater potential zone using remote sensing,GIS and multi criteria decision analysis techniques

The sustainable development and management of groundwater resource needs quantitative assessment, based on scientific principle and recent techniques. In the present study, groundwater potential zone is being determined using remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques using various thematic layers viz. geomorphology, geology, drainage density, slope, rainfall, soil texture, groundwater depth, soil depth, lineament and land use/ land cover. The Analytic Hierarchy Approach (AHP) is used to determine the weights of various themes for identifying the groundwater potential zone based on weights assignment and normalization with respect to the relative contribution of the different themes to groundwater occurrence. Finally, obtained groundwater potential zones were classified into five categories, viz. low, medium, medium-high, high and very high potential zone. The result depicts the groundwater potential zone in the study area and found to be helpful in better development and management planning of groundwater resource.     

潜在多金属结核矿床GIS预测系统设计与应用

文章简要介绍了赤道东北太平洋Clarion-Clipperton海区多金属结核矿床产出的大地构造位置和结核空间分布特点。根据该海区多金属结核的成因特点,预测该海区潜在多金属结核矿床的分布,对潜在多金属结核矿床GIS预测系统进行了需求分析和系统设计。采用Microsoft公司的Visual Basic 6.0和RSI公司的IDL 6.0编程语言及Microsoft公司的Access数据库,选用ESRI公司的MapObjects 2.3 GIS组件,对该软件系统的"文件"、"查询"、"图层管理"、"查明资源"、"潜在资源"、"工具"、"浏览"、"帮助"等8大功能进行了编程实现。系统运用于国际海底区域研究"十五"专项课题"基于CC区的多金属结核矿床地质模型"研究中,获得了该区查明资源估算量、潜在资源位置和数量等预测成果。     

基于GIS的建设项目地质灾害危险性评估

经济的快速发展使人类活动导致的地质灾害问题越来越严重,建设项目是目前人类活动的一项重要内容,国家已明确要求对建设项目进行地质灾害危险性评估。针对目前建设项目地质灾害危险性评估大多处于定性评估阶段的现状,提出利用GIS技术进行建设项目危险性评估。以桂西某县冶金化工加工厂建设项目为例,设计了基于GIS的地质危险性评估模型,详细介绍了评估过程,并通过GIS技术实现了评估结果的可视化显示。实践证明,GIS技术可为建设项目地质灾害危险性的定量评估和可视化输出提供科学的表现方法。     

基于GIS的地下水资源潜力评价

地下水资源潜力是进行地下水资源开发利用规划的重要依据。本文以地下水资源空间数据库为基础,采用地下水资源模数指标,利用GIS空间分析方法,设计并开发了地下水资源潜力评价模型软件。该软件可根据评价指标域值,生成地下水资源潜力分区图。通过黄河下游浅层地下水资源潜力评价的应用表明,本软件可辅助专业人员进行地下水资源潜力分析评价。      

Hazard zonation mapping of earthquake-induced secondary effects using spatial multi-criteria analysis

Natural Hazards - The present study aims to suggest an approach that allows the simultaneous hazard zonation mapping of earthquake-induced secondary effects. The modeling process of the applied...     

山东淄博金岭杂岩体分布区深部富铁矿资源潜力及找矿方向

深部找矿是目前研究和勘查的热点领域.金岭杂岩体侵入于古生代灰岩中,是燕山运动晚期的产物,与其有关的铁成矿作用是内生铁成矿典型事件之一,形成了金岭富铁矿集区.矿集区目前已发现铁矿体主要分布在-500 m以浅,矿山开采面临资源枯竭的严峻形势,深部找矿亟待突破.区内矿体按赋存介质及空间分布可划分为岩体/地层接触带式、假整合/...     

Locating suitable sites for the construction of subsurface dams using GIS

Subsurface dams constitute an affordable and effective method for the sustainable development and management of groundwater resources when constructed on suitable sites. Such dams have rarely been constructed in crystalline rock areas and to best of our knowledge, geographic information system (GIS) has never been used in any methodology for locating suitable sites for constructing these dams. This paper presents a new methodology to locate suitable sites for the construction of subsurface dams using GIS software supported by groundwater balance modelling in a study area Boda-Kalvsvik, Sweden. Groundwater resources were calculated based on digitized geological data and assumptions regarding stratigraphic layering taken from well archive data and geological maps. These estimates were then compared with future extractions for domestic water supply using a temporally dynamic water balance model. Suitability analyses for subsurface dams were based on calculated topographic wetness index (TWI) values and geological data, including stratigraphic information. Groundwater balance calculations indicated that many of the most populated areas were susceptible to frequent water supply shortages. Of the 34 sub-catchments within the study area: ten were over-extracted, nine did not have any water supply demand at all, one was self-sufficient and the remaining 14 were able to meet the water supply demand with surplus storage capacity. Six suitable sites for the construction of subsurface dams were suggested in the vicinity of the over-extracted sites based on suitability analysis and groundwater balance estimates. The new methodology shows encouraging results for regions with humid climate but having limited natural water storage capacities. The developed methodology can be used as a preliminary planning step for subsurface dam construction, establishing a base for more detailed field investigations.     

Producing forest fire susceptibility map via multi-criteria decision analysis and frequency ratio methods

Natural Hazards - Located in the Mediterranean basin, one of the world’s leading places in terms of forest fires, Turkey is one of the countries where forest fires are experienced very often...     

Use of remote sensing and GIS to determine recharge potential zones: the case of Occidental Lebanon

Water recharge from land surfaces into subsurface media is an essential element in the hydrologic cycle. For a small-scale assessment, experimental approaches are usually followed, however, on a regional scale, this assessment needs to be made into a comprehensive picture where spatial data of the different contributing factors are treated. The case of Occidental Lebanon, with an area of around 5,000 km², was studied by the integration of all factors influencing this hydrologic process. Contributing factors are: lineaments and drainage frequency density, lithologic character, karstic domains and land cover/land use. The determination of these factors was carried out mainly by the application of remote sensing. Satellite images (Landsat 7 ETM &; SPOT) and aerial photos were subjected to several treatment processes using a miscellany of software, mainly ERDAS Imagine and ESRI’s Arc View software. Furthermore, exogenetic data, such as topographic and geologic maps, were utilized. The extracted information for these factors was plotted on maps. The integration of the maps in a GIS allowed deciding their interactive effects. However, each factor had its own degree of effect, i.e., weight, which was also determined in this study. This study is an approach to better estimate and provide qualitative assessments of recharge potential (RP). The resultant map shows the highest recharge potentials towards the elevated regions where karstification is well development. It was found that around 57% of the study area is terrain with very high to high recharge rate values, which a considerable amount of precipitated water is allowed to percolate into subsurface rocks.     

GIS网络分析技术在河流水污染追踪中的应用

在分析河流水环境系统特征的基础上,探讨了GIS网络分析技术在河流水污染追踪中的应用方法。主要内容包括数字化河系网络模型的建立、河流水环境数据库的建立与集成、河流水污染追踪应用的方法与步骤,并以汉江流域河系为例,进行了原型研究。