用于控制复混肥生产过程的养分快速分析法

复混肥料是我国重点发展的肥料品种之一。它为作物提供所需的养分元素,配合测土配方施肥和平衡施肥,需要大规模和精细化的复混肥料发展,具有广阔的市场前景。我国已公布和实施了复混肥产品组分分析的国家标准GB15063-2001,规定了总养分含量和总氮、有效磷、氧化钾的测定方法。这些方法都经典分析方法,准确可靠,担操作繁琐,耗时...     

复混肥料总养分的控制

分析了影响复混肥总养分的主要因素,针对这些因素提出了复混肥总养分的控制措施,在实际生产应用中取得了良好的效果。     

关于复混肥的崩解问题

对复混肥的快速崩解问题大致有两种观点(或倾向):(1)复混肥快速崩解是对用户的误导;(2)复混肥快速崩解是市场的需要。笔者认为对这两种观点都不应一概肯定或否定,具体情况要区别对待。1　复混肥快速崩解的利弊1·1　复混肥快速崩解不利于农作物的一面复混肥在短时期内快速崩解并释放出大量养分,不利于农作物(特别是生长周期较长的农作物)在整个生长周期对养分的需求,降低了肥料的利用率。同时,未被农作物吸收的养分,随着水土流失而进入水体,污染环境。另外,缺水的情况下,肥料的过分集中释放在一定程度上还会对农作物的根系造成伤害。1·…     

复合肥中钾含量的快速测定

为解决中控快速分析复混肥中K2O含量,研究试验用火焰光度法测定K2O,介绍该法原理、测定方法。结果表明:该法比国标四苯基合硼酸钾重量法用时少3h,仅需0.5h,精密度<0.5%,回收率98.7%～102.1%,可满足中控分析要求。     

复混肥中硼含量的测定方法

概述复混肥中硼含量现有的测定方法(比色法、酸碱滴定法、液相色谱法),比较它们的优缺点,针对不同复混肥特性及硼含量,探讨快速简便测定复混肥中硼含量的方法。     

复混肥料总养分过剩的控制

分析了造成复混肥总养分过剩的原因，介绍了用预控图来控制总养分的方法。经生产实践表明，该法对生产运行控制简单，效果明显。     

复混肥的配合包装

复混肥是指氮、磷、钾 3种养分中 ,至少有 2种养分标明量的由化学方法和 (或 )掺混方法制成的肥料。复混肥和单质肥相比 ,不但使用方便 ,而且肥料利用率高 ,流失少 ,具有较高的农业效益。大力推广使用复混肥 ,对我国农业的发展具有深远的意义。根据土壤肥力及作物需求 ,按一定配方生产的复混肥是推广平衡施肥的最佳载体。但是 ,由于市场经济尚不完善 ,复混肥出现了各种质量问题。结合本地市场的考察 ,主要表现为 :( 1 )养分含量不足 ,总合格率不到 50 %。( 2 )不是以土配方 ,而以“价”配方 ,国家标准规定复混肥中氮、磷、钾每一种单质养分…     

稀土复混肥对提高水稻产量及产量构成因素的影响

以水稻稀土复混肥肥效试验结果 ,讨论了稀土复混肥对水稻产量构成因素及产量效应的影响 ,试验结果表明在复混肥中添加稀土元素比等NPK养分的单质现混肥、普通复混肥具有明显的增产作用。     

缓控释肥质量快速检测方法探讨

通过缓控释肥养分释放试验,研究了缓控释肥标准检测方法与快速测定方法的差异。结果表明:供试CRF1至CRF4样品快速测定方法与标准方法误差范围为2.7%～8.3%,完全满足GB/T 23348—2009养分释放期允许误差范围25%的要求;在改变包膜材料、添加剂和喷涂温度条件下,制成的CRF5至CRF16样品采用快速测定方法用原有预测方程预测养分释放期可靠性差,表明一个预测方程不能快速准确评价所有缓控释肥。     

复混肥中缩二脲测定方法的建立

参照尿素中缩二脲的测定方法，通过条件试验，利用加入适量的碳酸钠和氢氧化钠，消除了测定复混肥中缩二脲过程中金属杂质的干扰，建立了复混肥中缩二脲的测定方法。通过制作工作曲线试验、精密度试验和回收率试验，验证了该测定方法准确可靠。该法的相对偏差为1．60％，加标回收率为98％-102％。     

液氨中油含量测定方法改进

通过系列条件试验和对比试验对液氨中油含量的测定方法进行研究,改变其测定原理和操作方法,在保证分析数据准确度的前提下,尽量缩短分析时间、降低分析成本,并建立了液氨中油含量测定新方法,即环己烷萃取比色测定法.通过精密度试验和回收率试验,验证了该测定方法准确可靠,分析时间可缩短约4h.     

Development of an Ultraviolet‐Spectrophotometric Method for Analysis of Esterquat‐Containing Flotation Collectors in Aqueous Solutions

In this study, a rapid and simple ultraviolet‐spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of esterquat‐containing flotation collector FLOT 2015 in aqueous solutions. This method is based on the formation of an ion pair by FLOT 2015 and bromocresol purple, an anionic dye, and the subsequent measurement of the reduction in absorbance without extraction by organic solvents. The optimum conditions for FLOT 2015 detection and analysis were established. Sample solutions were stable up to 3 h. Maximum absorbance was obtained at 574 nm. The proposed method showed linearity in the range of 5–45 μg mL^?1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9917. Standard and relative standard deviation obtained by intraday and interday precision tests of the proposed method were within the permissible bias range and considered satisfactory. This method was found to be selective and specific for successful determination of FLOT 2015 in aqueous flotation systems.     

Development of an autographic falling-weight impact system

The objective of this project was to develop a system that would allow the determination of the energy absorbed during fracture in a falling-weight impact test. Equipment was developed which would allow the force exerted by the impact tup on the specimen to be determined during the test. Using this information and the equations developed, it was possible to convert force-versus-time traces on an oscilloscope to energy absorbed. Tests were conducted to compare the autographic method with the normal falling-weight method. The system was shown to give results which are similar to results from normal falling-weight impact tests, but requires much fewer specimens. Tests can be made and results can be obtained on small sample sizes, since results are obtained for each specimen tested. Also, a more representative value of falling-weight impact strength can be determined in cases where there are mixed failure modes. The autographic system may be used in those instances where there are limitations of material, and with further use it may eventually replace the normal falling-weight impact determination.     

钾水玻璃中二氧化硅快速测定方法的探讨

为满足生产、贸易和施工的要求,亟需建立快速、简洁、有效的方法测定钾水玻璃二氧化硅的含量。采用氟硅酸钾容量法对钾水玻璃中二氧化硅的测定进行了研究分析,结果表明:该方法具有设备简单、易操作、准确度高等优点,可用于钾水玻璃中二氧化硅含量的有效测定。通过实验原理、实验过程和实验条件的讨论,为实验室测定二氧化硅含量提供了一个切实可行的方法,与重量法相比,该方法提高效率30倍以上。除此之外,该方法可在20 min之内得到结果,方便、快捷、易于推广。     

不加热消解的COD快速测定方法及应用

针对国标中COD测定方法需要加热消解两小时的不简便性和量程上限仅仅到700 mg/L的受限制性,设计了一种不加热消解的COD快速测定法。利用浓硫酸代替加热消解,即在样品中加入浓硫酸回流至室温便可达到加热消解两小时的效果,并采用了6次多项式的计算方法,使得实验结果更加准确。实验表明,本方法可以在保证精度的情况下将测量量程扩大至1 000 mg/L,适用于更多化工领域的化学需氧量测定。     

耐碱玻璃纤维原料用锆英砂中二氧化锆（铪）含量测定方法的探讨

探讨了EDTA快速测定锆英砂中二氧化锆（铪）含量的方法,对试验酸度、滴定温度和Fe3＋对测定的影响进行了研究,着重选用简便的标定物Zr标准溶液对操作步骤进行简化,通过4种锆英砂样品进行方法验证以及加标回收试验,结果表明, Zr标准物质标定结果与基准试剂标定结果吻合,二氧化锆（铪）测定结果与重量法测的值比对绝对差均不大于0．18%,加标回收率达到98%以上。     

Precise measurement of membrane constants of cellulose acetate membranes by direct osmosis tests

A method for the determination of membrane constants by direct osmosis tests was studied using cellulose acetate membranes. A countercurrent type osmosis cell was designed and made for this study, and a method for precise measurements of permeated water and solutes through the membrane was established. Based on the membrane constants derived from direct osmosis tests, membrane performances of cellulose acetate membranes under pressure of 40 atm were predicted. The predicted values were in good agreement with the observed values in reverse osmosis experiments and it was confirmed that membrane performances under pressure could be predicted by the direct osmosis with considerably good accuracy.     

Separate Determination of Aluminum and of Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium in Fire-Clay and Silica Raw Materials and Refractories by Cation-Exchange Chromatography

Plant control dictates a need for a rapid accurate method for the determination of alumina in silica and fire-clay materials. The determination of the alkali oxide impurities is also important. Given a finely ground sample representative of the lot of material in question, the chemist has two basic problems. He needs (1) an acceptable method for complete solubilization of the sample and (2) a simple and accurate method for the determination of the constituent sought. Ion-exchange analysis permits both to be carried out with ease and precision in regard to alumina. For the alkalis the complete solubilization of all types of samples presents some problems, but ion-exchange analysis is applicable to the second requirement. Solubilized samples are passed down through an ion-exchange column of Dowex-50 cation-exchange resin perfused with the proper strength of HC1. The fractions are collected and the separated constituents are determined. Data are presented showing the results of various procedures as compared with accepted values for National Bureau of Standards samples.     

湿法磷酸循环水磷含量的快速测定

研究循环水中磷的快速测定方法。该方法为正磷酸根离子在酸性介质中与钼酸铵及偏钒酸盐反应,生成稳定黄色配位化合物,于波长420nm处,用分光光度计测其吸光度,计算出磷含量。该方法分析时间只需要0.5 h,可快速测定磷含量;该法准确度可满足过程控制要求。     

分光光度法测定磷石膏钙渣中硫酸根含量

钙渣中含有杂质硫酸根,其含量给磷石膏钙渣制备轻质碳酸钙工艺中除杂过程带来负担,同时是影响轻质碳酸钙产品质量的一个重要指标。用铬酸钡分光光度法测定磷石膏钙渣中的硫酸根,建立了一个简单、快速、选择性较好的钙渣中硫酸根的测定方法。在410 nm波长处,硫酸根为0.00～6.00 mg/mL时与铬酸根吸光度呈线性关系,线性回归方程为y=0.168 4x+0.003 2,r=0.999 9,相对标准偏差优于10%,加标回收率在96%～102%。该法可用于测定钙渣中硫酸根含量,操作简单,可行性强,可以满足测定要求并应用于实时监控。