Production of OH radicals from the reactions of C4–C6 internal alkenes and styrenes with ozone in the gas phase

OH formation from the ozonolysis reactions of seven internal alkenes with 4–6 carbons, styrene, trans-β-methyl styrene, and α-methyl styrene was studied using complementary techniques. A small-ratio relative-rate technique in which small quantities of OH tracers are added to monitor OH formation yields provided the following results: trans-2-butene, 0.64±0.12; cis-2-butene, 0.33±0.05; trans-2-pentene, 0.46±0.08; cis-2-pentene, 0.29±0.06; trans-3-hexene, 0.53±0.08; cis-3-hexene, 0.36±0.07; and 2-methyl-2-butene, 0.98±0.24. For styrene, trans-β-methyl styrene, and α-methyl styrene, OH yields of 0.07±0.04, 0.22±0.09, and 0.23±0.12 were measured, respectively. A second method, which monitors product formation from the OH reaction with 2-butanol was used to derive OH formation yields from 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene and cis-2-pentene, and provided yields of 0.91±0.14, 0.80±0.12, and 0.27±0.07, respectively. The results are briefly discussed in terms of the relationship between structures of these alkenes and OH formation.     

Development of zerovalent iron and titania (Fe0/TiO2) composite for oxidative degradation of dichlorophene in aqueous solution: synergistic role of peroxymonosulfate (HSO5−)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Binary composite of zerovalent iron and titanium dioxide (Fe0/TiO2) was synthesized for the catalytic removal of dichlorophene (DCP) in the presence...     

Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanofibers for applications in removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from wastewater

Purpose

Nanomaterials such as iron oxides and ferrites have been intensively investigated for water treatment and environmental remediation applications. The purpose of this work is to synthesize α-Fe₂O₃ nanofibers for potential applications in removal and recovery of noxious Cr(VI) from wastewater.

Methods

α-Fe₂O₃ nanofibers were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The crystallographic structure and the morphology of the as-prepared α-Fe₂O₃ nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted, and Fourier transform infrared spectra were recorded before and after adsorption to investigate the Cr(VI) removal performance and adsorption mechanism. Langmuir and Freundlich modes were employed to analyze the adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) on the α-Fe₂O₃ nanofibers.

Results

Very thin and porous α-Fe₂O₃ nanofibers have been successfully synthesized for investigation of Cr(VI) removal capability from synthetic wastewater. Batch experiments revealed that the as-prepared α-Fe₂O₃ nanofibers exhibited excellent Cr(VI) removal performance with a maximum adsorption capacity of 16.17 mg g^?1. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity almost kept unchanged after recycling and reusing. The Cr(VI) adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° at 298 K were calculated to be ?26.60 kJ?mol^?1, ?3.32 kJ?mol^?1, and 78.12 J?mol^?1 K^?1, respectively.

Conclusions

The as-prepared α-Fe₂O₃ nanofibers can be utilized as efficient low-cost nano-absorbents for removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from wastewater.     

Contamination levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in wild versus cultivated samples of female and male mussels (Mytilus sp.) from the Northwest Coast of Iberian Peninsula—new application for QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methodology

A newly analytical method based on QuEChERS extraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was developed and validated for the quantification of 18 PCBs in wild (from Matosinhos Beach, Portugal) and cultivated (from Ria de Arousa, Spain) mussel samples, pooled by sex. Wild animals showed higher PCB levels than cultivated mussels, with males from both origins, presenting an upper contamination profile comparing with females. This fact seems to be correlated with few biometric parameters, but other interdependencies, not addressed herein, such as distinct lipid contents between sexes, as a consequence of the gametogenic stage, may also explain this data. Overall, data reiterate the importance of investigating the presence of PCBs in marine biological samples, which can act both as bioindicators of environmental contamination, either as food quality controls for human health.     

Distribution of seasonal SO2 emissions from fuel combustion and industrial activities in Shanxi province,China, with 1/6°×1/4° longitude/latitude resolution

Spatial distribution of SO₂ emission inventory for 1994 from fuel combustion and industrial activities in Shanxi province, the Peoples’ Republic of China, has been created with 1/6°×1/4° latitude/longitude resolution. Total annual SO₂ emissions in 1994 in the province were estimated to be 669 GgS, of which 180 GgS were emitted in winter, 170 GgS in spring, 156 GgS in summer, and 163 GgS in fall. For the first time this emission inventory includes SO₂ emissions from village and township enterprises. Although SO₂ emissions from major industries were under control, SO₂ emissions from village and township enterprises became the major threat to the environment in the province.