东秦岭松树沟超镁铁岩侵位机制及其构造演化

东秦岭松树沟蛇绿岩主要由镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石组成。镁铁质岩类的Sm-Nd全岩等时年龄为1030±46(2δ)Ma,ε_Nd(t)=+5.7±0.2,代表了蛇绿岩的形成时代。超镁铁质岩石由不同成因的橄榄质糜棱岩和中粗粒橄榄岩组成,橄榄质糜棱岩是地幔橄榄岩经历复杂变形并多次部分熔融的残余体,具LREE亏损特征,其中发育橄榄石高温位错构造和高温组构以及低温位错构造和低温组构。中粗粒橄榄岩具LREE略富集的分布特征,是地幔橄榄岩残余体再次部分熔融熔体分离结晶的产物。野外地质、地球化学、构造变形特征均表明超镁铁岩块是因洋壳俯冲而底辟侵位于上覆玄武岩中的地幔橄榄岩残余体。综合分析认为,松树沟蛇绿岩经历了古陆块裂解或洋脊扩张(1271-1440Ma)-洋壳形成(1030-1271Ma)-洋壳俯冲消减-橄榄岩块底辟侵位(983Ma)-蛇绿岩构造侵位及其后构造变形叠加改造的复杂演化过程。     

东秦岭松树沟超镁铁质岩中辉石巨晶的成因和^40Ar—^39Ar定年及其地质意义

对东秦岭松树沟蛇绿岩残片中超镁铁质岩中的辉石巨晶化学成分的系统研究 ,表明其具有高压变质成因的特点 ;采用 4 0 Ar/ 39Ar快中子活化法得其高温坪年龄为 833.8± 4 Ma,等时线年龄为 84 8.2± 4 Ma。考虑到辉石对 Ar的封闭温度(6 2 0℃ )明显低于该岩片早期塑性变形变质温度 (≥ 80 0℃ ) ,因此该年龄不代表形成辉石巨晶的峰期高压变质时代 ,而代表了该岩体变质后初始抬升的冷却事件。这一年龄值与区内蛇绿岩中的镁铁质变质岩获得的变质年龄 (983± 14 0 Ma)在误差范围内大体一致 ,暗示松树沟蛇绿岩片可能整体经历了俯冲至下地壳深度遭受高压变质后再抬升的地质演化过程     

东秦岭松树沟超镁铁质岩体地球化学和铂族元素特征: 对成因的指示

商南县松树沟超镁铁质岩体位于秦岭造山带商州—丹凤断裂以北,出露面积超过20 km2,是中国境内出露最大的阿尔卑斯型橄榄岩体,并以侵位方式与秦岭杂岩接触。该岩体主要由细粒纯橄榄岩、中粗粒纯橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩等组成。地球化学特征显示明显亏损特征,同时不相容元素（从Rb到Nb）和LREE等元素相对HREE富集;纯橄榄岩的PGE含量明显低于方辉橄榄岩。与典型蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩对比研究,认为该岩体是经过熔体渗滤过程形成的纯橄榄岩体。     

Emplacement age of the Songshugou ultramafic massif in the Qinling orogenic belt,and geologic implications

The Songshugou ultramafic massif is located to the north of the Shang‐Dan fault, the Palaeozoic suture between the North and South China blocks. It is the largest Apline‐type ultramafic body in the Qinling orogenic belt of central China, consisting mainly of dunite with a small amount of harzburgite and minor pyroxenite. We present new LA‐ICP‐MS U?Pb dating and trace element results for zircon from two garnet amphibolite samples in the contact metamorphic zone surrounding the massif. One was sampled ～1 m from the massif, the other ～5 m away. The studied zircon grains are small, anhedral, and display typical metamorphic characteristics of low Th/U values (<0.1). The U and Th concentrations of zircon range from several hundred ppm to less than 10 ppm. Cathodoluminescence images show two apparent generations of zircon, with lighter cores and darker rims. Core and rim ages however, are identical within error. These two samples yield identical concordant ages of 506±7 and 510±7 Ma, suggesting that the Songshugou ultramafic massif was emplaced at ～510 Ma. Low HREE concentrations and the absence of Eu anomalies in most analysed zircons suggest that the studied grains most likely formed during garnet amphibolite metamorphism induced by emplacement of the ultramafic massif.

To better understand the cooling history of the massif, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of amphibole from three garnet amphibolite specimens in the contact metamorphic zone and one amphobolite sample about 20 m away from the massif were determined. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages increase from 372±15 Ma (JSM‐01) near the massif to disturbed, unreliable ‘plateau’ ages of 474±8 Ma (JSM‐03) and 781±146 Ma (JSM‐04) with increasing distance from the ultramafic massif, showing limited heating during exhumation of the massif, followed by slow cooling. Therefore, the Songshugou ultramafic massif does not reflect the Jining orogeny at ～1 Ga. Instead, it was emplaced into the Proterozoic, Qinling Group during the Palaeozoic, probably due to the subduction along the Shang‐Dan fault.     

Geochemical Characteristics and LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Dating of Amphibolites in the Songshugou Ophiolite in the Eastern Qinling

Geochemical studies on the arnphibolites in the Songshugou ophiolite from Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province demonstrate that the protolith of the amphibolites is tholeiitic. The arnphibolites can be classified into two groups according to their REE patterns and trace element features. Rocks of the first group are depleted in LREE while rocks of the second group are slightly depleted in LREE or flat from LREE to HREE without significant Eu anomaly. The first group of rocks have (La/Yb)N=0.33-0.55, (La/Sm)N= 0.45-0.65, and their La/Nb, Ce/Zr, Zr/Nb, Zr/Y and Ti/Y ratios are averaged at 1.20, 0.12, 31.02, 2.92 and 198, respectively, close to those of typical N-MORB. The second group of rocks have (La/Yb)N=0.63-0.95, (La/ Sm)N = 0.69--0.90, and their average La/Nb, Ce/Zr, Zr/Nb, Zr/Y and Ti/Y ratios are 0.82, 0.83, 1.15, 0.16, 19.00, 2.58 and 225, respectively, which lie between those of typical N-MORB and E-MORB but closer to the former. The two groups of rocks both exhibit flat patterns from Th to Yb in th     

“花岗岩锆石U—Pb年龄能代表花岗岩侵位年龄”质疑——花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄与全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄对比证据

通过花岗岩体的64对锆石U-Pb年龄(tZr)与全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄(tRb)之间差值Δt(Δt=tZr-tRb)进行的频数统计分析表明:Δt直方图呈对称正态分布(偏度系数CSK=0.150;峰度系数CKU=4.274);Δt既有正值又有负值;Δt的众数值为2.0Ma,但远低于花岗岩基冷却—结晶所需的时间(>16Ma);采用最小二乘法计算,花岗岩体64对锆石U-Pb年龄(tZr)和全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄(tRb)拟合出相关系数很高(r=0.9967),回归系数接近l(斜率为0.99354)的线性回归方程(tRb=0.99354tZr 2.15163)。该回归方程的常数项(2.15163Ma)与Δt众数(2.0Ma)基本一致。这些特征表明,从总体来看,花岗岩体的全岩Rb-Sr等时线定年测定结果与锆石U-Pb定年测定结果是一致的,从而为花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄不能代表花岗岩侵位年龄提供了证据。     

新疆阿尔金长沙沟超镁铁质岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

通过1∶50000地质填图,表明新疆长沙沟(蛇绿)构造混杂岩带超镁铁质岩主要岩石类型为斜长辉石角闪岩、辉石橄榄岩、强蛇纹石化辉石橄榄岩等;总体贫SiO2、CaO、K2O、Na2O,富含MgO、FeO特征,分异指数DI=0.35~14.45,固结指数SI=47.82~70.05,表明岩浆分异不明显,固结程度较高;里特曼指数σ=0.97,属钙性系列;M/F=1.94~4.39,属镁铁质超基性岩类;其中,辉石橄榄岩TiO2含量接近洋中脊地幔(TiO2=0.10%~0.40%),稀土元素、微量元素特征与地幔橄榄岩近似,认为属原始地幔分离产物,为蛇绿岩套组成部分;斜长辉石角闪岩可能为超镁铁质杂岩。首次获得了辉石橄榄岩206 Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为(510.60±1.40)Ma(MSWD=0.11),形成时代为寒武纪,其可能代表了南阿尔金洋盆早期的产物。     

秦岭松树沟岩体--一个遭受角闪岩相变质作用的超镁铁堆晶岩的实例

研究表明,松树沟岩体为一受到角闪岩相变质作用改造再结晶的层状超镁铁岩体,并保留着某些原岩面貌痕迹。其变质作用不仅导致微观上矿物变形和宏观上岩体的构造变形,而且也引起岩体内部矿物重新组合和再造,形成以含角闪石(直闪石和透闪石)为特征的Anth- Ol- En和Tre- Ol- Di两个变质矿物共生组合。其形成温度大约为70 0～75 0℃,压力为0 .6～0 .7GPa以下。岩相构造分析表明,该岩体并不是一个简单的透镜体。实际是由三个呈对称分布的岩相带组成的层状杂岩体,遭受同构造变形形成具有紧密褶曲特征的同斜向斜岩体。该岩体为一蛇绿岩构造岩块,其原岩来自大洋岩石圈板块壳层下部单元——由纯橄榄岩-透辉橄榄岩-透辉岩组成的层状超镁铁堆晶岩。它在遭受角闪岩相变质作用之前,曾经历过低变质蛇纹石化阶段(形成蛇纹岩)。恢复其原岩的原始层序具有垂直分异和多旋回岩浆演化的特点。故松树沟岩体不具有阿尔卑斯型橄榄岩,或地幔橄榄岩的成因属性。     

关于南岭中生代花岗岩侵位年龄与锆石U-Pb年龄的时差问题:与章邦桐教授等讨论

从南岭中生代花岗岩的显微结构特征、花岗岩液相线和固相线的已有实验成果、锆饱和温度信息、花岗岩体几何形态以及它们与围岩的接触关系等角度,提出这些花岗岩中锆石结晶温度较高,其结晶年龄与花岗岩岩浆侵位年龄之间的时差较小,很可能在锆石U-Pb年龄测定的误差范围内,因此,花岗岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄,能近似地代表花岗岩岩浆的侵位年龄。     

金川含矿超镁铁岩侵入体侵位序列

金川铜镍硫化物矿床是世界第三大镍矿床,但其成岩成矿过程及侵位机制一直存在较大争论。根据金川含矿超镁铁岩岩石学特征、穿插关系、矿物成分及地球化学特征,提出了金川含矿岩体5阶段的成岩、成矿侵位序列,它们分别是:(1)超镁铁质岩浆侵位;(2)浸染状硫化物矿浆侵位;(3)网状硫化物矿浆侵位;(4)块状硫化物矿浆侵位;(5)铂钯富集体侵位。金川铜镍(铂)矿床中Ni,Cu,Pt,Pd,Rh,Ir,Ru,及Co与S呈正相关关系;当ω(S)=5%～15%时,铂族元素发生明显的分离作用,铂族金属主要富集在铂钯富集体中。铂钯富集体是硫化物矿浆经单硫化物固溶体结晶后的残余熔浆;块状矿石是单硫化物固溶体堆积而成的产物。金川铜镍硫化物矿床的侵位机制为岩墙型岩浆通道。     

北秦岭松树沟接触变质岩的氧同位素研究

对北秦岭松树沟阿尔卑斯型超镁铁岩体接触变质带的角闪岩和斜长角闪片岩进行了全岩和单矿物氧同位素组成测定。矿物对氧同位素地质测温结果得到，角闪岩为７４５℃～７７０℃，角闪片岩为５００℃～６０５℃，均与已知的岩石学温度计结果相吻合，指示了这些变质岩内部的氧同位素平衡。靠近超镁铁岩体的角闪岩受热触变质作用影响，导致了矿物之间的氧同位素再平衡；远离超镁铁岩的角闪片岩基本未受热触变质作用影响，因此氧同位素温度代表了秦岭群区域变质岩的形成温度。角闪岩和斜长角闪片岩全岩δ１８Ｏ值为８．５～１０．３，指示变质前原岩成分可能具有中基性火成岩特征     

北秦岭松树沟超镁铁质岩体接触变质带中锆石特征及其地质意义

松树沟超镁铁质岩体位于秦岭商丹断裂以北,是该地区出露最大的超基性岩体,以侵位方式与秦岭杂岩接触.该岩体主要由细粒纯橄榄岩、中粗粒纯橄榄岩和斜辉橄榄岩组成.对松树沟超镁铁质岩体接触变质带榴闪岩中锆石包裹体成分及锆石微量元素含量进行了研究,结果表明松树沟超镁铁质岩体与相邻的镁铁质岩(主要是斜长角闪岩)不是同一构造旋回的地质体.斜长角闪岩先形成,之后松树沟岩体侵位其中.斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征显示其具有MORB和IAT两个端员组分特征,很可能是秦岭群的组成部分.