生物柴油的发展与研究进展

综述了可替代柴油的生物柴油在国内外研究及生产的现状和发展趋势,指出了生物柴油的优势及生物柴油制备、应用中存在的问题,并展望了该产业的发展前景。     

欧洲生物柴油燃料及其原料的最新动向

在温室气体排放量逐年增多、大气污染越来越严重的今天,生物柴油作为真正的绿色柴油倍受全球关注。从能源安全、降低温室气体排放量等方面考虑,欧洲乃至全球正在加快生物柴油燃料的使用进程。介绍了欧洲生物柴油的生产情况、各种生物柴油的性质及制造方法,同时介绍了欧洲生产生物柴油所用的原料,最后提出了几点建议。     

欧洲生物柴油燃料及其原料的最新动向

在温室气体排放量逐年增多、大气污染越来越严重的今天,生物柴油作为真正的绿色柴油倍受全球关注。从能源安全、降低温室气体排放量等方面考虑,欧洲乃至全球正在加快生物柴油燃料的使用进程。介绍了欧洲生物柴油的生产情况、各种生物柴油的性质及制造方法,同时介绍了欧洲生产生物柴油所用的原料,最后提出了几点建议。     

生物柴油的制备技术研究进展

生物柴油作为一种可再生的绿色环保燃料,主要是由动植物油脂经过酯交换反应生成。文章概述了国内外制备生物柴油方法,重点介绍了酸、碱、酶催化及超临界工艺方法的研究进展,并对我国生物柴油产业化发展前景进行了展望。     

新型生物柴油技术研究进展

综述了生物柴油的特性及生产方法,介绍了酯交换法制备生物柴油的反应机理及生产工艺,对各种工艺的优缺点进行了剖析,指出了生物柴油技术发展现在面临的问题及研究方向。     

生物柴油面临原料资源危机

据化工报报道,由于全世界能源短缺的问题愈发严重,作为替代能源,生物柴油拥有很大优势以及良好的发展前景。2006年经国务院批准,财政部、国家发改委、农业部、国家税务总局和国家林业局联合印发了供于发展生物能源和生物化工财政扶持政策的实施意勋。政策出台,各地生物柴油企业四处崛起,掀起了一股生物柴油热潮。     

生物柴油生产及性质研究进展

综述了近年来生物柴油生产及应用等相关领域的研究进展,针对不同的原料油及其相对应的生产技术和应用性质进行了评述,重点介绍了近几年中在降低加工成本、开发环境友好加工工艺方面的研究情况.采用非食用油资源、开发能够直接利用毛油和废油的工艺是目前研究的方向,固体催化剂、超临界工艺、亚临界催化酯交换过程都是今后开发的重点.提出为了...     

生物柴油制备技术进展

文章概述了近年来国内外制备生物柴油技术,重点介绍了酸碱、生物酶及超临界工艺方法的研究进展,指出了影响我国生物柴油工业化发展的制约因素,提出了降低生物柴油生产成本的解决对策。     

生物柴油深加工衍生物及其应用

生物柴油不仅是一种环境友好的绿色能源,还是一种可再生的油脂化工基础原料。在表面活性剂、塑料助剂、皮革加脂剂、润滑油和醇酸树脂等领域具有很好的应用前景。文中介绍了生物柴油深加工的化学反应、衍生物及其应用,指出皮革加脂剂和塑料助剂是最适合生物柴油厂进行深加工的项目。     

生物柴油制备技术研究进展

生物柴油来源于动植物油脂是一种绿色可再生、生物可降解和无毒的替代燃料,引起了人们极大的关注.本文论述了直接混合、微乳状液、高温热裂解及酯交换等方法制备生物柴油的研究进展.     

生物柴油研究现状与应用前景

生物柴油作为一种优质和环境友好的可再生生物质新能源,已经在世界范围内形成了可再生能源领域的研究开发热潮。虽然生物柴油在欧美等发达国家已经是市场普遍接受的实用产品,但在我国还没形成固定的区域市场,在产业方面比较落后。本文介绍和分析生物柴油技术和产业发展现状及趋势。     

Solution polymerization of styrene using biodiesel as a solvent: Effect of biodiesel feedstock

Increasing environmental concerns regarding solvents commonly used in solution polymerization has led to a search for alternatives, such as biodiesel (a.k.a. fatty acid methyl esters or FAME). The effect of the feedstock used in biodiesel production when FAME is used as a polymerization solvent was studied for styrene. A series of homopolymerizations was carried out at different solvent concentrations for two biodiesel feedstocks: soybean oil and 50% yellow grease–50% canola oil. Results were compared to FAME produced from canola oil. Considerable differences in the rate of polymerization were observed, while chain transfer to solvent constants had comparable values. The collected kinetic experimental data were modelled using a polymerization simulator.     

叔丁醇共溶剂用于制备生物柴油的研究

利用叔丁醇作为共溶剂可使棕榈油、甲醇和催化剂形成均相体系,用于酯交换反应制备生物柴油,可以缩短反应时间。实验以棕榈油为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,在带夹套的玻璃反应器内进行反应。考察了共溶剂质量分数、催化剂质量分数、反应温度、醇油摩尔比等因素对生物柴油产率的影响,获得了最佳反应条件。实验结果表明,当叔丁醇质量为棕榈油质量的11.6%,催化剂质量为油质量的1.0%,反应温度为60℃,醇油摩尔比为6∶1时,反应2 m in后生物柴油产率达到了90%。     

由菜籽油制备生物柴油的HPLC定量分析

采用反相液相色谱分离和紫外检测法定量分析了菜籽油制备生物柴油的主要组分分布及含量。结果表明,各脂肪酸甲酯、甘油单酯、甘油二酯及甘油三酯组分均能达到基线分离,且线性相关性良好,相关系数均在0.999 3以上,加标回收率在99.5%~103.7%之间,RSD在0.45%~2.38%(n)之间,该方法准确可靠。定量分析了菜籽油完全酯交换产品中油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯、亚麻酸甲酯组分含量分别为58.45%,20.02%,16.50%,三者之和为94.98%。菜籽油中三油酸甘油酯组分含量为38.76%。     

Production of biodiesel from wet activated sludge

BACKGROUND: The production of biodiesel from activated sludge obtained from Tuscaloosa, AL was optimized based on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using an in situ transesterification process. An orthogonal central composite response surface design was considered to investigate the main and interaction effects of temperature, methanol to sludge ratio, and catalyst concentration. RESULTS: The biodiesel yield can be satisfactorily described by the quadratic response surface model with R² of 0.836 and a statistically not significant lack of fit (p = 0.254). Coded regression coefficients, main effect plots and surface plots indicated that maximum biodiesel yield may be obtained at 75 °C, 30 mL g^?1 (methanol/sludge) and 10% volume (catalyst concentration). Numerical optimization showed that at this reaction condition, a biodiesel yield of 3.78% (weight) can be obtained. Experimental verification gave a biodiesel yield of 3.93 ± 0.15% (weight) giving a model error of 7.35%. This indicates high reliability of the model. CONCLUSIONS: The economic analysis showed that the in situ transesterification of wet activated sludge (84.5% weight moisture) is less economical than the in situ transesterification of dried sludge (5% weight moisture). However, sensitivity analysis indicated that the process can be made more economical by reduction of water to 50% (weight). At this level of moisture, a biodiesel break‐even price of around $7.00 per gallon is attainable, which is still more expensive than petroleum‐based diesel (～$2.95 per gallon). For the biodiesel from activated sludge to be economically competitive, a biodiesel yield of at least 10% (weight) is necessary. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

酯交换法制备生物柴油的反应机理及其影响因素

生物柴油是一种对环境友好的可再生燃料,介绍了酯交换法制备生物柴油的反应机理,阐述了生产过程中游离脂肪酸、水份、催化剂、醇油摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对酯交换工艺的影响。     

乙醇补料发酵技术研究进展

作为一种可再生的清洁能源,燃料乙醇的开发利用备受关注,对其发酵工艺的研究也日益深入。近年来,补料发酵工艺逐渐应用于燃料乙醇的生产研究中,并以其降低基质抑制和减轻纤维素稀酸水解液中有毒成分的影响等优点而显示了良好的发展潜力,但由于发酵过程的复杂性和对补料控制策略的研究尚不深入等存在的问题,使该技术在燃料乙醇规模化生产中的应用受到制约。本文介绍了国内外乙醇补料发酵研究的主要进展,着重概述补料发酵技术在乙醇两大重要发酵工艺——纤维素乙醇工艺和超高浓度乙醇发酵工艺中的应用以及补料调控策略等,并提出该领域进一步研究应留意的方向,如应加强乙醇补料发酵动力学和控制理论、新型传感器与在线监测技术等方面的研究。     

Determining the acid number of biodiesel

Commerical biodiesel is composed of FAME. It may also contain small amounts of FA, which are quantified by an acid number, expressed as milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1 g of sample. In 2006, the ASTM D 6751 biodiesel acid-number limit was harmonized with the European biodiesel value of 0.50. ASTM D 664 is the standard reference method for measuring the acid number of both ASTM biodiesel and petroleum-derived diesel. This potentiometric method cites acceptable repeatability and mediocre reproducibility, but no information on accuracy. ASTM D 974 is a non-aqueous colorimetric titration that uses potassium hydroxide in isopropanol as the titrant and p-naphtholbenzein as indicator. It was designed for petroleum products and is suitable for colored samples. It has been tested on nine palmitic acid/soybean oil standards in the acid-number range of 0.198 to 1.17. All accuracies were within 3.3%. The repeatability was approximately 6% at an acid number of 0.5. The reproducibility appears to be only slightly greater than the repeatability at an acid number of 0.5. It is concluded that ASTM D 974 is a good method for evaluating the acid-number compliance of biodiesel samples.