聚丙烯基复合材料的结晶行为

综述了3类聚丙烯(PP)基复合材料体系包括PP/无机物体系、PP/有机物体系和PP／聚合物体系的结晶行为。阐述了PP基体的结晶结构以及结晶动力学特征,包括添加物对PP的结晶温度、结晶速率及结晶度等的影响;分析了结晶行为对复合材料力学性能的影响。复合材料界面对基体聚合物取向结晶形态及结晶行为的影响等还需进一步研究。     

CNFs的掺杂与取向对CNFs/LDPE纳米复合材料结晶性能的影响

通过微波法化学镀镍对纳米碳纤维(CNFs)进行表面改性,采用熔融共混法制备CNFs/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)纳米复合材料,在模压硫化过程中施加磁场,实现表面镀镍CNFs在LDPE基体中的取向,研究了CNFs的掺杂对CNFs/LDPE纳米复合材料结晶性能的影响,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察刻蚀后样品中CNFs分散、取向情况和球晶形貌,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析纳米复合材料结晶性能。研究发现,在LDPE基体中CNFs的掺杂对纳米复合材料结晶性能有着较大的影响;掺杂CNFs使LDPE的结晶度下降,且掺杂样品需较长时间的刻蚀才能看到清晰的球晶结构,LDPE的球晶结构较明显,其直径约6μm,CNTs的取向使纳米复合材料的结晶度增大。     

LDPE/HDPE/炭黑PTC复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用流变仪对不同比例的低密度聚乙烯/高密度聚乙烯(LDPE/HDPE)进行了共混,研究了共混温度、转速和时间对LDPE/HDPE复合材料流变性能的影响。对不同比例的LDPE/HDPE进行了X射线衍射(XRD)测试,分析其结晶性能。制备了LDPE/炭黑(CB)复合材料和LDPE/HDPE/CB复合材料,并对其正温度系数(PTC)性能进行了测试。结果表明,制备LDPE/HDPE复合材料的最佳工艺条件为:转速50 r/min、温度170℃、共混时间10 min;LDPE∶HDPE质量比为1∶3时的复合材料结晶度最大;LDPE/HDPE/CB复合材料与LDPE/CB复合材料相比具有较高的PTC转变温度及更高的PTC强度。     

LDPE及LDPE/TiO_2纳米复合材料的熔限及等温结晶研究

采用熔融共混法制备了LDPE／TiO2纳米复合材料,以膨胀计对LDPE及LDPE／TiO2复合材料的熔点、熔限及等温结晶进行了研究。结果表明：膨胀计可用于LDPE及LDPE／TiO2纳米复合材料熔点及熔限的测试：与LDPE相比,LDPE／TiO2复合体系的半结晶期及AVrami指数较小,表明TiO2粒子对LDPE的结晶具有明显的异相成核作用;而Avrrdmi指数为非整数,且Avrami作图直线的最后部分与实验点的偏离,则表明LDPE及LDPE／TiO2纳米复合材料的等温结晶过程比Avrami方程要复杂得多。     

La_2O_3/LDPE复合材料非等温结晶性能研究

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)考察了氧化镧(La2O3)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)复合材料的非等温结晶行为。通过Jeziorny法、Ozawa法及莫志深法研究了复合材料的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明:在添加La2O3后,LDPE成核速率降低,结晶度下降,晶体粒径分布变宽。在非等温结晶动力学分析中,Jeziorny法lg[-ln(1-Xt)]～lgt关系曲线在结晶前期和中期具有较好的线性关系,结晶后期产生较大偏离;Ozawa法并不适用;而莫志深法适用于该体系的研究,表明La2O3的加入使LDPE结晶速率增大。     

PP与LDPE共混微孔发泡木塑复合材料的研究

采用注塑成型的工艺制备了稻壳/PP/LDPE微孔发泡复合材料。考察了不同比例PP/LDPE对复合材料密度、力学性能、微观结构及结晶形态的影响,结果表明:LDPE的加入,改善了复合材料的发泡性能。当PP/LDPE为70:30时,复合材料的密度最小,为0.899g/cm3;冲击强度最高,为6.408kJ/m2;泡孔分布均匀且孔径较小。     

制备工艺对LDPE/POE/Sm_2O_3复合材料性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)/Sm2O3复合材料,对制备工艺(温度、转速和共混时间)进行正交设计,分析制备工艺对复合材料力学性能、结晶行为及Sm2O3粉体在聚合物基体中分散效果的影响.结果表明,温度和转速对粉体的分散效果和复合材料的力学性能性能影响较大,而共混时间的作用不明显;在较高温度下共混时,粉体出现明显的团聚现象,分散不均匀;制备工艺对复合材料的结晶行为影响不大;对LDPE/POE/Sm2O3复合材料而言,共混温度130℃、转速50 r/min、共混时间5 min是较为理想的制备工艺.     

LDPE/剑麻纤维素微晶复合材料性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)/剑麻纤维素微晶(SFCM)复合材料,研究了SFCM的用量对LDPE/SFCM复合材料的力学性能、维卡软化点、熔体流动速率及熔融结晶行为的影响。力学性能测试表明:SFCM的加入可明显提高基体LDPE的拉伸弹性模量、弯曲强度及模量,但降低了体系的拉伸强度。当加入3份的SFCM时,LDPE/SFCM复合材料的缺口冲击强度最大,为46.9 k J/m~2,比纯LDPE提高了33.2%。热性能、流动性能及DSC研究表明:SFCM的加入对LDPE/SFCM复合材料的维卡软化点、熔融温度及结晶温度影响不明显,但降低了复合材料的熔体流动速率,同时LDPE的结晶度明显提高。     

微米铜颗粒对Cu/LDPE/MVQ复合材料非等温结晶性能的影响

采用注射成型法制备了铜/低密度聚乙烯/甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(Cu/LDPE/MVQ)复合材料和低密度聚乙烯/甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(LDPE/MVQ)复合材料,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了复合材料的非等温结晶行为。结果表明,随着冷却速率的加快,复合材料的结晶度逐渐增大。铜颗粒在复合材料中作为异相成核点,同时阻碍着LDPE分子链的运动。     

石墨烯对预分散法制备LDPE复合薄膜性能的影响

通过双螺杆挤出机,将A-171处理后的石墨烯和抗氧剂、紫外吸收剂、油酸酰胺与粉状LDPE混合造粒,即含有石墨烯的LDPE母粒;再将母粒(10%)与LDPE基体(90%)混合后吹膜。分析了未加石墨烯的LDPE复合薄膜和加入石墨烯的LDPE复合薄膜在紫外老化后的拉伸性能、结晶形态、浸润性和光透过性,探讨了石墨烯对LDPE复合薄膜性能的影响。结果表明,氧化石墨烯提高了LDPE复合薄膜的拉伸强度和水的浸润性,石墨烯对薄膜的透光性没有影响,但提高了复合材料的界面作用,与LDPE分子之间的作用力较强,进而可以更好地抵抗紫外线对LDPE复合薄膜的老化作用。     

LLDPE/LDPE/TiO2复合膜的分散及光学性能

讨论了纳米TiO2在线型低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE），低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）复合体系中的分散和体系流变行为，研究了复合薄膜的光学性能。结果表明，以高流动性LDPE为基体的纳米TiO2母料，加入LLDPE，LDPE体系中后。复合体系的表观粘度有所提高。但拉伸粘度显著下降。纳米TiO2母料在LLDPE／LDPE复合体系中具有良好的分散性，复合薄膜中的纳米TiO2为一次粒子。纳米TiO2起到了异相成核剂的作用。球晶的粒子得到细化。在本研究的纳米填充范围内（质量分数不大于1.0％），复合薄膜的透光度基本不变。雾度发生了较大幅度上升，复合薄膜在紫外光区域的吸收显著增强。     

Effect of various alumina nano‐fillers on the thermal and mechanical behaviour of low‐density polyethylene–Al2O3 composites

Two different alumina powders were dispersed in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) to evaluate if any role can be ascribed to the crystalline phase, size and morphology of the alumina filler. In particular a submicrometric α‐alumina and a nanocrystalline transition (γ/δ) alumina were added to the polymer at 5 wt% concentration, using a Brabender mixing unit. Both the neat inorganic fillers showed a good dispersibility in the polyolefin. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composites obtained were evaluated. As expected, a significant increase of the stiffness and abrasion resistance of LDPE was achieved in both cases. Furthermore, the composites showed a higher thermo‐oxidative stability with respect to neat LDPE. Independent of their crystalline phase, size and morphology, both fillers gave a similar enhancement of composite features. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Crystallization of low‐density polyethylene embedded inside zinc oxide nanoparticle percolating network

The crystallization behavior of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) embedded inside zinc oxide (ZnO) percolating network (LDPE/60 vol% ZnO) was investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and compared with those of LDPE bulks (neat LDPE and LDPE/1.15 vol% ZnO). Results revealed that embedded LDPE possessed by far shorter half‐crystallization time at elevated crystallization temperatures than LDPE bulks, whereas at lower crystallization temperatures longer half‐crystallization time was observed. Isothermal crystallization kinetics study revealed that the Avrami exponent of embedded LDPE varied in range of 1.8–2.0, indicating quasi‐two‐dimensional crystallization with heterogeneous nucleation, contrasting with about 3 for LDPE bulks. Moreover, crystallization activation energy of embedded LDPE was much larger than that of neat LDPE due to geometric confinement effect of ZnO network. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Approach in Macadamia integrifolia residue based low-density polyethylene composites on mechanical and thermal performance

Macadamia nutshell residues are generated in large quantities, around 70%–77% for each ton produced, and it is a waste material with high techno-economic potential. This work purpose a sustainable alternative to valorize macadamia nutshell residues (MN) as reinforcing in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites through melt mixing, using different fiber contents (0, 5, 10, and 20 wt%), and investigate the influence of fibers (residues) in composites by mechanical tests and thermal analysis. The fibers addition has significantly increased the composites' stiffness compared with neat LDPE, causing a reduction of toughness and resilience, leading to lower impact energy absorption. The LPDE/MN20% composite obtained the best tensile and flexural mechanical performance, resulting in a maximum modulus, which implies an increase of 36.9% and 77.6% compared with the neat LDPE. The addition of macadamia fibers on the composites acted as nucleation points of spherulites, which promoted an increase in the crystallization degree. Consequently, better performance of mechanical properties was observed in the green composites. Thus, the macadamia nutshell residues present a promising future as filler in LDPE for enhancing composites' thermal and mechanical properties.     

微发泡LDPE复合材料发泡行为的研究

以化学发泡注塑成型技术为主线,在二次开模条件下制备微发泡低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)复合材料;通过材料的本征特性分析了弹性体对微发泡LDPE复合材料发泡行为的影响规律。结果表明:LDPE中,弹性体含量为15%时,发泡质量较为理想,泡孔呈规则的圆形,泡孔直径和泡孔密度分别为35.32μm、8.217×106个/cm3;弹性体含量低于和高于15%时,发泡质量较差,不适合于LDPE复合材料的发泡。     

电缆绝缘专用LDPE的结构与性能

研究了2种国产电缆绝缘专用低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)2220H(分别记作LDPE A,LDPE B)的分子链段结构、动态流变性能、熔融结晶性能、体积电阻率和直流击穿强度.结果表明:LDPE A的相对分子质量和长支链含量高于LDPE B,相对分子质量分布相近;结晶度和熔融温度较高的LDPE A在较高温度条件下的体积电阻率高...     

Resistivity‐temperature behavior and morphology of low density polyethylene/graphite powder/graphene composites

In this work, the positive‐temperature‐coefficient (PTC) effect of resistivity of low density polyethylene/graphite powder (45%) composites (LDPE/GP) in the presence of graphene before and after crosslinked was comparatively investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectrum, and resistivity‐temperature test. The composites showed the repeatability of the PTC effect with heating cycles and a certain improvement in the room temperature resistivity. After crosslinked, the composites presented a higher PTC trip temperature at about 140°C than pure LDPE (T_m = 112°C), and stronger PTC intensity than room temperature resistivity (over 5 orders of magnitude). The results from DSC, XRD, and Raman spectrum indicated that the addition of graphene resulted in the gradual enhancement in the crystallization of LDPE matrix, which was the origin of the improvement of the PTC behavior of the composites. As a result, we could conclude that the additional conducting filler could improve the PTC effect of the conducting composite system. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1453–1459, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Melt Rheological Behavior and Thermal Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene/Palm Kernel Shell Composites: Effect of Polyethylene Acrylic Acid

The melt flow behavior and thermal properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/palm kernel shell (PKS) composites were studied. Polyethylene acrylic acid (PEAA) was used as a compatibilizer in the composites. The results showed that the increasing of PKS loading had decreased MFI values of LDPE/PKS composites. The presence of PEAA increased the MFI values of the LDPE/PKS composites. The apparent viscosity of the composites was found to exhibit a linear relationship with the reciprocal of the temperature. Thermal properties showed that higher filler loading tended to reduce the onset temperature as the PKS possessed lower degradation temperature compared to the LDPE. The presence of the PKS in the LDPE polymeric matrix improved the thermal stability of the composites. The addition of PEAA into the composites provided better interfacial bonding between the LDPE matrix and PKS filler, while higher onset temperature and lower total weight loss were observed of LDPE/PKS composites. The activation energy of the LDPE/PKS composites was increased with increasing filler loading. At similar filler loading, the presence of PEAA increased the activation energy of the LDPE/PKS composites.     

填充型多相聚合物导电复合材料的PTC效应

以聚丙烯和低密度聚乙烯共混物为基体,用碳黑为填充材料制备了复合导电材料,导电性能的测试表明多相复合体系的渗滤阈值低于两相复合体系的渗滤阈值。对复合材料PTC效应的分析以及对材料的热性能测试结果表明碳黑在共混体系中的分布。同时探讨了体系碳黑含量的变化对PTC效应的影响。