PVC薄膜中增塑剂在水环境中迁移规律研究

研究了PVC中的增塑剂在水中的迁移情况及时间、温度等因素对迁移的影响。同时研究了增塑剂迁移对薄膜力学性能的影响。     

软质PVC薄膜用丙烯酸型乳液压敏粘合剂的开发

在PVC薄膜表面施涂较多的压敏粘合剂可抑制增塑剂通过软PVC薄膜向聚合物覆盖层迁移。如认真弄清影响增塑剂迁移的机理,便能设计出软质PVC薄膜用的压敏粘合剂。 研究出适宜的分析方法,就能获得认识增塑剂迁移过程及其对聚合物粘合剂性能参数影响的丰富的信息。通过以揭示迁移机理为重点的研究,便能开发出软质PVC薄膜上接触后也能较好地保持其特性的水性丙烯酸型压敏粘合剂。     

不同度数白酒介质中PVC制品增塑剂迁移行为研究

采用高效液相色谱仪测定聚氯乙烯（PVC）制品中传统增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛脂（DOP）、对苯二甲酸二辛脂（DOTP）和环保增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯（TBC）、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯（ATBC）,在42 °、46 °、55 °白酒中的迁移规律,并用Gaussian 03程序对其结构进行模拟计算,探讨了分子结构影响增塑剂迁移行为的机理。结果表明,随着与介质接触时间的延长、白酒度数的增大,增塑剂的迁移率逐渐增大;不同种类分子结构的增塑剂的迁移能力有较大的差异性,增塑剂分子的偶极矩越大,其分子极性越强,增塑剂与PVC相容性就越好,其迁移率越小;几种增塑剂中,迁移率大小为：TBC＞ATBC＞DOP＞DOTP。     

PVC塑料制品中聚酯增塑剂的配方应用

聚酯增塑剂是极性高分子聚合物,与PVC有很好的相容性,加入PVC配方内,都能使PVC塑化时间有不同程度的提前,作为一种配方原料与助剂,常和DOP、环氧大豆油复配并用,由于聚酯增塑剂具有较强极性,与DOP在配方中亲和性还和其他的液体增塑剂产品的特性有关,当聚酯增塑剂用于PVC制品中能起到了吸引和固定其他增塑剂不向PVC制品的表面迁移的作用,     

PVC塑料制品中增塑剂PAEs在水环境中迁移规律的研究

本文应用固相萃、取液相色谱联用技术,研究了PVC塑料制品中有机增塑剂在水环境中的迁移规律。研究表明在PVC塑料制品中的增塑剂会在水环境中缓慢释放,并且受pH、温度等影响较大。     

聚氯乙烯制品中增塑剂迁移机理及抑制影响因素

聚氯乙烯(PVC)制品中含一定量的增塑剂成分,增塑剂在制品的加工和使用中,会产生不同程度的迁移和扩散问题。由于增塑剂与聚氯乙烯分子链段间的作用力是范德华力,因此从物化性质上讲,增塑剂的迁移和扩散成为必然。增塑剂的迁移和扩散可使PVC制品物化性能下降,同时可形成制品表面及接触物的污染,更为严重的是会给环境、人体健康带来一系列问题。因此,增塑剂迁移和扩散问题成为制约PVC制品广泛应用的障碍。本文讨论了聚氯乙烯中增塑剂迁移和扩散基本原理,重点介绍了影响增塑剂迁移和扩散的主要因素以及增塑剂迁移和扩散解析模型,归纳总结了多种能有效抑制PVC制品中增塑剂迁移和扩散问题的解决方法以及重大研究成果。     

软质PVC中增塑剂迁移的抑制研究进展

增塑剂是软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)中最重要的一类助剂,然而由于增塑剂分子与PVC分子链间无化学键相连,在PVC制品加工和使用过程中,增塑剂分子不可避免地从PVC制品中发生迁移或扩散,不仅使PVC制品的物化性能下降,还给生态环境和人类健康带来一定的危害。因此由增塑剂迁移扩散所带来的问题引起人们的广泛关注,急需得到解决。当前,国内外很多研究者正通过对增塑剂进行共价键接枝改性的途径以及向PVC基质中添加外加剂等非共价键的途径抑制增塑剂的迁移。文章重点归纳了近年来国内外通过共价键及非共价键途径抑制增塑剂迁移扩散的最新研究成果,并展望了采用绿色经济合成路径、优化增塑配方等方式抑制增塑剂迁移的发展前景。     

PVC中增塑剂迁移和抽出问题

讨论了聚氯乙烯（PVC）中增塑剂抽出和迁移的危害性和基本原理,重点介绍了影响增塑剂抽出和迁移的主要因素,如：增塑剂相对分子质量和分子结构、环境温度、增塑剂含量、介质和时间。归纳总结了各种能有效抑制PVC中增塑剂抽出及迁移问题的解决办法及研究成果,主要为添加聚酯增塑剂、添加纳米粒子、使用离子液体、表面改性、表面交联、表面喷涂防护涂层等。     

[bmim]PF_6增塑PVC糊树脂膜迁移规律研究

文章应用固相萃取、液相色谱联用技术,研究了[bmim]PF6增塑PVC糊树脂膜中的[bmim]PF6在水环境及低酒精含量模拟溶剂（15%乙醇-水溶液）中的迁移规律,同时研究了[bmim]PF6迁移对薄膜力学性能的影响。结果表明：时间和温度对[bmim]PF6向水环境中迁移均有加速效应,在中性条件下迁移量较小,在酸性和碱性条件下迁移量较大。[bmim]PF6在低酒精含量模拟溶剂中与浸泡在去离子水中的薄膜迁移量相比,迁移量明显降低。增塑剂迁出后PVC糊树脂膜的断裂伸长率降低,弹性模量、拉伸强度均升高,可望用于医疗制品的开。     

软质PVC交联对增塑剂迁移行为的影响

研究了软质PVC交联前后,对苯二甲酸二辛酯(A)、乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯(B)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(C)三类增塑剂在40℃橄榄油浸泡环境中的迁移行为.结果表明,不管PVC是否交联,A、B、C三类增塑剂的迁移率均随浸泡时间的延长,呈总体上升趋势;在浸泡的前24 h,迁移率迅速上升,当浸泡时间超过192 h后,迁移率上升逐渐趋于平缓.PVC交联对各类增塑剂的迁移均起到了明显的抑制作用,且随着凝胶含量的增加,其抑制作用越明显;当凝胶含量为最大值、增塑剂达到最终的迁移平衡时,均能降低约30%的增塑剂迁移率.几类增塑剂中,B 增塑剂迁移率>C增塑剂迁移率>A增塑剂迁移率;PVC交联对A、B、C三类增塑剂之间迁移抑制率的影响无明显规律.     

纳米复合聚氯乙烯抗增塑剂迁移性能的研究

研究了纳米无机粒子复合改性半硬质聚氯乙烯片材中增塑剂在空气中的挥发损失和在甲苯中的迁移损失情况。结果发现，不同纳米粒子种类(CaCO3、SiO2、MMT)、形状以及添加量对增塑剂的迁移和挥发有着不同的影响,纳米粒子的复合改性提高了聚氯乙烯片材或薄膜的抗增塑剂迁移性能。     

聚氯乙烯薄膜及其胶带中增塑剂迁移的研究

用全反射红外技术对聚氯乙烯薄膜及其胶带进行了增塑剂迁移性能研究。增塑剂迁移经一定时间后达到平衡,测出聚氯乙烯薄膜中增塑剂迁移的扩散系数约为０１ｎｍ２／ｍｉｎ。实验证明：影响其增塑剂迁移性能的因素是催化剂的类型、用量及胶粘剂的种类。     

聚氯乙烯胶带增塑剂迁移的研究

用全反射红外技术对聚氯乙烯薄膜及其胶带进行了增塑剂迁移性能的研究。增塑剂的迁移经一定时间后达到平衡。对聚氯乙烯薄膜来说,增塑剂迁移的扩散系数约为1×10~(-7)mm~2/min.而对不同配方的聚氯乙烯胶带,影响增塑剂迁移性能的因素是催化剂的类型及用量,及胶粘剂的类型。     

PVC膜改性研究进展

综述了近年来PVC膜改性的技术进展,对PVC膜进行物理和化学改性,可以改变它的表面性质、阻止增塑剂向表面迁移并赋予PVC膜生物相容性等。改性后的PVC膜,不仅能应用于传统领域。还能应用于一些新的领域。     

Synthesis and application of an environmental epoxy plasticizer with phthalate-like structure based on tung oil and cardanol for poly(vinyl chloride)

An epoxidized cardanol tungoleate (ECT) based on tung oil and cardanol was synthesized through esterification and epoxidation. The chemical structure of the compound was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR). The plasticizing effects of ECT as the main plasticizer in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was studied and compared with the commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The thermal migration stabilities, the thermal degradation process and the mechanical properties of PVC samples and the plasticization mechanism of ECT for PVC were investigated through the use of volatility, extraction, discoloration, and tensile tests as well as thermal gravity analysis (TGA), TGA–FTIR analysis, electronic universal testing machine and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Compared with DOP, the ECT plasticized PVC can exhibits better thermal stability, more excellent tensile strength (17.28 MPa) and higher stretchability (629.41%), which is 1161% higher than DOP (1.37 MPa) plasticized PVC film. In addition, the migration resistance and volatility stability of ECT are much better than DOP. Therefore, this fully bio-based plasticizer based on tung oil and cardanol is a promising alternative plasticizer for PVC and may be an excellent phthalate substitute from the perspective of human health and sustainable development.     

Transport phenomena into and out of plasticized PVC sheets: The influence of sample history

Diffusional exchanges in plasticized PVC applications comprise a critical aspect of much of the published work, which has been intended to study plasticizer migration into simpler extractants, enabling the various parameters involved in migration to be studied in isolation. In this study the migration of dioctyl phthalate into petroleum oils is investigated with emphasis on prior sample history. Simultaneously, the penetration of the liquid environment into the sheets is monitored. Plasticized PVC samples were prepared containing different amounts of plasticizer. The samples are immersed in paraffin oil until the plasticizer concentration reaches a predetermined value. Afterwards the samples are immersed in white spirit and their migration behavior is compared with that of new samples containing this predetermined plasticizer content, i.e., excluding the prior desorption cycle. Under these experimental conditions the parameters studied include immersion time, immersion temperature, initial plasticizer content and specimen thickness. The results obtained, suggesting considerable restriction of the migration activity for the two-stages specimens, are discussed in terms of surface-depleted concentration profiles and structure rearrangement mechanisms.     

食品级增塑剂乙酰化单甘油脂肪酸酯(ACETEM)的应用研究

以纯天然植物油甘油和椰子油等原料合成具有不同碳链长度的植物油基环保型增塑剂乙酰化单甘油脂肪酸酯(ACETEM)。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、气质联用(GC-MS)表征手段测定其结构,并利用热重分析仪(TGA)测定其本身及PVC试片的热稳定性能,对其PVC试片的迁移率和挥发损失率研究,探索了其与PVC的相容性能,结果表明,ACETEM具有较好的热稳定性能,并且与PVC具有较好的相容性,将其应用在食品包装材料上具有很好的前景。     

Improving the migration resistance against phthalate plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride/graphene oxide composites

Phthalic plasticizer plays an important role in processing and manufacturing one of the universal polymer materials, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), which has been widely applied in every aspect of our lives. However, there still exists the intrinsic problem in migration resistance of phthalic plasticizer in long-term use. In this work, we take a facile and convenient approach by incorporating commercial graphene oxide (GO) into PVC matrix to prepare polyvinyl chloride/graphene oxide (PVC/GO) composites, forming a sheet structure for improving the migration resistance of phthalic plasticizer. The advantages of GO that has abundant oxygen-containing groups on its surface, including carboxyl groups at the sheet edges, epoxy groups, and hydroxyl groups on its basal planes. Especially, these oxygen-containing groups in GO are beneficial to blend with long molecular chain of PVC and the sheet structure of GO can prevent phthalic plasticizer migrating from interior PVC. Addition of GO not only effectively enhanced the mechanical properties of PVC/GO composites but also improve their migration resistance due to the sheet structure. This strategy provides an attractive way to solve the problem of migration of plasticizer with simple incorporation GO into the matrix of PVC, reinforcing the composite properties and broadening its applied fields.