NMR study of monomethylammonium cation in (CH3NH3)5Bi2Cl11 ferroelectric polycrystal

Spin-lattice relaxation times T₁ and T_1ρ are determined for protons in three polycrystals (CH₃NH₃)₅Bi₂Cl₁₁, (CD₃NH₃)₅Bi₂Cl₁₁ and (CH₃ND₃)₅Bi₂Cl₁₁. The temperature dependencies of the relaxation times obtained for (CH₃NH₃)₅Bi₂Cl₁₁ and (CD₃NH₃)₅Bi₂Cl₁₁ are interpreted as a result of correlated motions of the three-proton groups of the monomethylammonium cation. The minimum of the T_1ρ relaxation time is explained as a result of the oscillations of the symmetry axis of the whole cation.     

Study of the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition of NaH3(SeO3)2 single crystals by H and Na NMR

The ¹H and ²³Na spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxation times of NaH₃(SeO₃)₂ single crystals grown using the slow-evaporation method were measured as functions of temperature and frequency in the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases. The changes in the symmetry of the (SeO₃)²⁻ dimers as a result of the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition are associated with large changes in the spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxation times, and in the number of resonance lines. The large changes in the relaxation times at 195 K indicate that the H and Na ions are significantly affected by this transition. The change in the number of resonance lines for the ¹H and ²³Na nuclei means that the orientations of the (SeO₃)²⁻ dimers and the environments of the Na ions change at T_C. Therefore, the orientations of the (SeO₃)²⁻ dimers and the environments of the Na ions play important roles in the phase transitions. In conclusion, the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition of NaH₃(SeO₃)₂ is accompanied by changes in hydrogen-bond structure and distortions of the (SeO₃)²⁻ and Na⁺ ion lattices, which form a slightly distorted octahedron.     

MAPbCl3钙钛矿中甲胺阳离子运动的固体2H NMR研究

本文利用固体²H核磁共振（²H NMR）技术探究了甲胺铅氯（MAPbCl₃）钙钛矿正交相、四方相和立方相晶体结构内甲胺阳离子（MA）的运动特征.结合²H NMR实验数据和拟合数据，本文分析和建立了不同相结构中MA阳离子的运动模型，揭示了不同相结构中MA阳离子的运动特征：正交相中MA并不处于完全静止状态，而是在围绕C-N键快速内旋转的同时局部晃动；随着温度升高，MA在钙钛矿晶格中呈现出多种不同的运动模式，MA阳离子运动在不同温度下的变化过程与该材料的相转变过程并不一致.该研究有助于加深对MAPbCl₃相结构转变分子机制的理解.     

Long-distance super-exchange and quantum magnetic relaxation in a hybrid metal–organic framework

The hybrid metal–organic framework [(CH3)2NH2]Fe(HCOO)3with a perovskite-like structure exhibits a variety of unusual magnetic behaviors at low temperatures. While the long-distance super-exchange through the Fe-O–CH-O–Fe exchange path leads to a canted antiferromagnetic ordering at TN～ 19 K, a second transition of magnetic blocking develops at TB～ 9 K. The stair-shaped magnetization hysteresis loops below TBresemble the behaviors of resonant quantum tunneling of magnetization in single-molecular quantum magnets. Moreover, the magnetic relaxation also exhibits several features of resonant quantum relaxation, such as the exponential law with a single characteristic relaxation time, and the nonmonotonic dependence of relaxation rate on the applied magnetic field with a much faster relaxation around the resonant fields. The origin of quantum tunneling behaviors in the [(CH3)2NH2]Fe(HCOO)3metal–organic framework is discussed in terms of magnetic phase separation due to the modification of hydrogen bonding on the long-distance super-exchange interaction.     

Proton dynamics in letovicite, (NH4)3H(SO4)2: a 1H and 14N NMR spectroscopic study

The improper ferroelastic phase letovicite (NH₄)₃H(SO₄)₂ has been studied by ¹H MAS NMR as well as by static ¹⁴N NMR experiments in the temperature range of 296–425 K. The ¹H MAS NMR resonance from ammonium protons can be well distinguished from that of acidic protons. A third resonance appears just below the phase transition temperature which is due to the acidic protons in the paraelastic phase. The lowering of the second moment M₂ for the ammonium protons takes place in the same temperature range as the formation of domain boundaries, while the signals of the acidic protons suffer a line narrowing in the area of T_c. The static ¹⁴N NMR spectra confirm the temperature of the motional changes of the ammonium tetrahedra. Two-dimensional ¹H NOESY spectra indicate a chemical exchange between ammonium protons and the acidic protons of the paraphase.     

(C_5H_(11)N_2)~+和(C_7H_(12)N_2)~(2+)的NMR研究

结合1H NMR,13C NMR谱,分别对钨、钼配合物{WO2(C10H6O2)2(C5H11N2)2[H2N(CH2)3NH2]}3(1),{(C5H11N2)2[H2N(CH2)3NH2][MoO2(C10H6O2)2]}(2),{(C7H12N2)2[MoO2(C10H8O2)2]}(3)晶体结构中小分子环进行了归属.其中,配合物1和2中(C5H11N2)+的NMR研究证实了六元环由1,3-丙二胺和乙腈化合而成,配合物3中(C7H12N2)2+的NMR谱图证实了七元环由乙二胺和乙酰丙酮化合而成,并且推导出这些亲核加成-消除反应的反应机理.配合物1~3中的小分子环的合成在其它体系中尚未见报导,而在合成它们的反应中作为新产物随主体晶体析出,并由晶体结构解析和NMR得到了证实.     

含手性膦配体3-MBPA的铂(Ⅱ)配合物的2D NMR研究

利用一维和二维NMR技术,对含有手性膦配体的铂配合物trans-[Pt(3-MBPAH)₂Cl₂](1)和trans-(Pt(3-MBPA)(3-MBPAH)Cl)(2)进行¹H和¹³C NMR谱分析,否定了化合物(2)的结构为trans-[Pt(3-MBPA)₂]的可能,归属了所有的¹H和¹³C NMR谱线,并根据磷和铂及磷与磷的偶合常数确定它们是反式构型.     

Thermal control magnetic switching dominated by spin reorientation transition in Mn-doped PrFeO3 single crystals

Spin reorientation transition (SRT) has attracted substantial attention due to its important role in the ultrafast control of spins. However, the transition temperature is usually too low for its practical applications. Here, we demonstrate the ability to modulate the SRT temperature in PrFe_1−xMnxO₃ single crystals from 196 K to 317 K across the room temperature by varying the Mn concentration. Interestingly, the Γ₄ to Γ₁ spin reorientation of the Mn-doped PrFeO₃ is distinct from the Γ₄ to Γ₂ spin reorientation transition as in the parent material. Because of the coupling between rare-earth ions and transition-metal ions in determining the SRT temperature, the demonstrated control scheme of spin reorientation transition temperature by Mn-doping is expected to be used in temperature control magnetic switching devices and applicable to many other rare-earth orthoferrites.     

Li2K(IO3)3与Li2NH4(IO3)3的晶体结构

本文用X射线粉末法测定了Li₂K(IO₃)₃与Li₂NH₄(IO₃)₃的晶体结构和原子参数。发现Li₃K(IO₃)₃,Li₂NH₄(IO₃)₃与Li₂Rb(IO₃)₃同晶型,属单斜晶系,空间群为P2₁/α,每个单胞含有四个化合式量。室温的点阵常数分别为α=11.198?,b=11.046?,c=8.254?,β=111.53°,及α=11.327?,b=11.078?,c=8.341?,β=111.87°。讨论了二元化合物的形成与离子半径的关系。 关键词：     

Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the mixed crystals system (CH3NH3)5Bi2(1 − x)Sb2xCl11

Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of the mixed crystals system, (CH₃NH₃)₅Bi_{2(1 − x)}Sb_2xCl₁₁ (0 < x < 0.25) were systematically investigated. Temperature dependencies of ′_c in the vicinity of ferro-paraelectric phase transition were measured for the mixed crystals with x = 0.05, 0.07, 0.11, 0.13 and 0.25 in the frequency region 1 kHz–1 MHz. The substitution of bismuth atoms by antimony drastically reduces the magnitude of ′_c and shifts the ferro-paraelectric phase transition towards higher temperatures. The dielectric dispersion of the complex electric permittivity, _c^*, in x = 0.05 crystals was studied in the frequency range from 30 to 1000 MHz. Around 321 K phase transition, two dielectric relaxators are postulated; a low-frequency one in the megahertz region showing a critical slowing down and a high-frequency one in the gigahertz region.     

二甲基胺阳离子掺杂甲胺铅溴钙钛矿材料的固体NMR研究

本文利用氘核磁共振(²H NMR)技术对阳离子掺杂铅溴钙钛矿MA_0.6DMA_0.4PbBr₃中内嵌阳离子的运动状态进行了较为深入的研究．通过对二甲基胺(DMA)和甲胺(MA)阳离子的选择性氘代,我们实现了对上述材料中不同内嵌阳离子的选择性NMR观测．研究结果显示,在低温下,该材料中的DMA与MA阳离子都接近于双重旋转模型;随着温度升高,DMA与MA阳离子的运动自由度增加,其运动逐步转变为快速各向同性运动．且在相同温度时,DMA阳离子比MA阳离子运动更快,表明该材料中阳离子运动状态不一致．在对阳离子运动研究的基础上,我们对该材料相结构转变的分子机制进行了探讨．     

Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance studies of molecular motions of ClO3 and water diffusion in Ca(ClO3)2·2H2O

A ³⁵Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance (³⁵Cl-NQR) investigation of polycrystalline Ca(ClO₃)₂·2H₂O is described. The ³⁵Cl-NQR frequencies (ν_Q) for two resonance lines (ν_Q1 and ν_Q2), the spin lattice relaxation time (T_1Q) for ν_Q2 only and the line width δν_Q2 were measured in the temperature range 292–345 K, except for the frequency measured up to 455 K. The observed decrease in the resonance frequencies with increasing temperature permitted the determination of the frequencies of librations of the ClO₃⁻ ion about two axes perpendicular to the three-fold axis of the ion mainly responsible for this effect. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time T_1Q proved the occurrence of water diffusion and hindered rotation of ClO₃⁻ ions. The activation energies of these two molecular motions were determined, and their effect on the electric field gradient at the site of a chlorine nucleus was discussed. Temperature measurements of the line width δν_Q2 confirmed the conclusions drawn from the analysis of T_1Q(T).     

1-(2-羧基苯基甲酰基)氨基硫脲及其Cu+配合物的NMR研究

利用¹H-¹H COSY,¹H-¹³C HMQC,HMBC等2D NMR技术对一种新的配体1-(2-羧基苯基甲酰基)氨基硫脲(H₃L)进行¹H、¹³C NMR谱数据分析与归属,对于它与Cu⁺离子配位的化合物[Cu₂(H₃L)₂Cl₂](H₂O)₃也作了¹H、¹³C NMR的测定,简单讨论了它的配位行为,粗略确定了它的结构.     

些V/S,V/Fe/S和Mn/O簇合物溶液化学行为的NMR研究

报道我们对某些V/S,V/Fe/S和Mn/O簇合物溶液化学的核磁研究.(Et₄N)[V₄S₄(C₄H₈NCS₂)₆](1)的¹H NMR谱包含三个宽峰,δ4.77,5.17和7.57,分别归属为端基与桥基配体的α-H.游离配体信号的出现表明了溶液中发生配体与溶剂分子的交换反应.对一系列[VFe₃S₄(R₂ NCS₂)₄]^-簇合物(R₂=OC₄H₈(2),Et₂(3))进行了¹H NMR表征.钒与三个铁中心的配体氢谱被分别归属.对NMR谱的时间跟踪发现位于δ19.6(2)以及δ34.2(3)的信号逐渐增长,这意味着新物种形成.合成反应的动态NMR跟踪指认了新物种为Fe₄S₄(R₂ NCS₂)₄.提出了溶液中簇骼金属原子交换机理.包含H₂O和NO₃配体的单核锰bpy配合物(4)的氢谱指示出这些单齿配体的可交换性.它促使配合物4成为含有两个单核Mn分子的包容化合物.     

LiNbO3和LiTaO3晶体Er3+/Yb3+掺杂水热外延层室温吸收光谱分析

本文引入与浓度和厚度有关的k_NL待定参数, 在J-O理论基础上, 对Er³⁺/Yb³⁺掺杂的LiNbO₃和LiTaO₃单晶衬底上 的多晶水热外延样品进行了基于吸收光谱的拟合计算. LiNbO₃:Ω₂=2.34× 10^-20 cm², Ω₄=0.77× 10^-20 cm², Ω₆=0.31×10^-20 cm², k_NL=4.32× 10^-2 mol·m^-2. LiTaO₃:Ω₂=1.68×10^-20 cm², Ω₄=0.84×10^-20 cm², Ω₆=0.45×10^-20 cm², k_NL=9.17×10^-3 mol· m^-2. 该方法可尝试推广到粉体或胶体等难以直接获得浓度和厚度数据的体系. 经上转换发光测试及光谱参数计分析认为Er³⁺/Yb³⁺离子的掺杂浓度比为1:1的情况下, 样品呈现绿色上转换发光光谱; 可尝试以降低基质声子能量的方法提高⁴I_13/2能级 对²H_11/2和⁴S_3/2能级的量子剪裁效率.     

ZnSb掺杂的Ge2Sb2Te5薄膜的相变性能研究

本文采用双靶(ZnSb靶和Ge₂Sb₂Te₅靶)共溅射制备了系列ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅(GST)薄膜. 利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、原位等温/变温电阻测量、X射线光电子能谱等测试研究了薄膜样品的非晶形态、电学及原子成键特性. 利用等温原位电阻测试表明ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜具有更高的结晶温度. 采用Arrhenius 公式计算发现ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜的十年数据保持温度均高于传统的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜的88.9℃. 薄膜在200, 250, 300和350℃ 下退火后的X射线衍射图谱表明ZnSb的掺杂抑制了Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜从fcc态到hex态的转变. 通过对薄膜的光电子能谱和透射电镜分析可知Zn, Sb, Te原子之间键进行重组, 形成Zn–Sb 和Zn–Te 键, 且构成非晶物质存在于晶体周围. 采用相变静态检测仪测试样品的相变行为发现ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜具有更快的结晶速度. 特别是(ZnSb)_24.3(Ge₂Sb₂Te₅)_75.7薄膜, 其结晶温度达到250℃, 十年数据保持温度达到130.1℃, 并且在70 mW激光脉冲功率下晶化时间仅～64 ns, 远快于传统Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜的晶化时间～280 ns. 以上结果表明(ZnSb)_24.3(Ge₂Sb₂Te₅)_75.7薄膜是一种热稳定性好且结晶速度快的相变存储材料.     

含新结构单元[Co3(SS)3(PR3)3]的钴化合物的磁性研究

通过含新结构单元钴化合物:Co₃(bdt)₃(PBu₃)₃(Ⅰ),Co₃(tdt)₃(PBu₃)₃(Ⅱ),[Co₃(bdt)₃(PPh₃)₃][CoBr₃(dmf)](Ⅲ)和[Co₃(edt)₃(PEtB)₃]₂[Co₂Cl₄(Et₂SO₂)₂](Ⅳ)(bdt=1,2-S₂C₆H₄^2-,tdt=4-Me-1,2-S₂C₆H₃^2-,edt=SCH₂CH₂S^2-)的磁极矩和¹H NMR等研究表明:它们均具顺磁性,钴原子之间存在着反铁磁偶合作用,同时还讨论了它们的磁学性质和分子结构之间关系。     

Er3+在KPb2Br5晶体中的选择替位对上转换发光光谱的影响

通过高温固相法制备了不同Er³⁺掺杂浓度的KPb₂Br₅多晶粉末样品. 由980 nm半导体激光器激发下得到的上转换发射光谱显示, 当掺杂浓度为2.5 mol%时, 样品主要表现为530 nm 和550 nm上转换发射, 分别对应激发态²H_11/2和⁴S_3/2向基态⁴I_15/2的跃迁; 掺杂浓度增加到5 mol%时样品以490 nm上转换发射为主, 对应由激发态⁴F_7/2向⁴I_15/2的跃迁; 当掺杂浓度达到7.5 mol%时, 样品的上转换发射强度相比低浓度时大幅度下降, 主要以激发态⁴F_9/2 向基态⁴I_15/2跃迁的690 nm处发光为主. 利用第一性原理结合Judd-Ofelt理论讨论认为, Er³⁺ 离子优先替代Pb (1) 的位置, 随着浓度的提高, 部分Er³⁺ 离子会替代Pb (2) 格位上的离子, 不同晶格位置的Er³⁺ 离子所处的晶体场的对称性有所不同, 从而影响了发光中心不同能级的跃迁概率, 体现在上转换发光光谱的差异上. 蓝、绿区域的上转换发光在高浓度掺杂下显示了明显的浓度猝灭, 此时样品以红色上转换发光为主. 关键词： 2Br₅：Er³⁺')" href="#">KPb₂Br₅：Er³⁺ Judd-Ofelt理论 第一性原理 上转换发射     

Powder x-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis of (C_2H_5NH_3)_2CuCl_4

Structural properties of the organic-inorganic hybrid(C_2H_5NH_3)_2CuCl_4 have been investigated by means of x-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld analysis. A structural phase transition from Pbca to Aba2 occurs at T_4= 240 K, which results in a paraelectric–ferroelectric phase transition. The release of the Jahn–Teller distortion with increasing temperature toward T_4 is revealed by the structural analysis.     

Deuteron NMR spectra of ND4ClO4 single crystal at low temperatures

²H NMR spectra of ND₄ClO₄ single crystal were obtained at ν₀ = 44 MHz. Orientation and temperature (1.9–75 K) dependences were measured. Fitting the spectra gives the effective quadrupole coupling constants for all deuterons and the ground torsional level structure. The isotope reduction of the (A-T) and (A-E) tunnelling splittings, i.e., the ratios of the respective splittings for NH₄⁺ and ND₄⁺, were found to be different. The splittings at T = 24 K are about 60% of the helium temperature values. The spectrum undergoes intermediate narrowing by reorientations between 26 and 34 K and tunnelling related features in the spectra are eradicated. After reaching the extreme narrowing limit, a doublet with gradually decreasing separation was observed, what was attributed to averaging by torsional oscillations of increasing amplitude. At high temperatures (T > 75 K), the narrow spectrum reflects fast multiaxial reorientation of the ammonium ion.