慢性HBV感染者血清HBeAg、HBV DNA载量与肝组织病理损伤的关系

目的对比不同年龄阶段乙型肝炎e抗原（HBeAg）阳性及HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染者的肝脏病理特点。方法 323例慢性HBV感染者分为HBeAg阳性组与HBeAg阴性组,每组以40岁为界分为高龄组与低龄组,均经肝穿刺活组织检查,同时检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、HBV DNA,分析HBeAg阳性与HBeAg阴性患者高龄组与低龄组的肝脏病理损伤与血清ALT及HBV DNA水平的关系。结果 HBeAg阳性高龄组与HBeAg阴性高龄组比较具有更明显的炎症程度（P〈0.05）及更高的HBV DNA载量（P〈0.01）,HBeAg阳性低龄组与HBeAg阴性低龄组比较HBV DNA载量较高（P〈0.01）,但炎症程度无明显差异（P〉0.05）。HBeAg阴性非活动性HBV携带者与HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏病理炎症、纤维化程度及血清HBV DNA水平在高龄组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,而在低龄组差异无统计学意义。结论慢性HBV感染者血清HBeAg表达和HBV DNA水平与肝组织病理炎症分级的关系在不同年龄阶段表现不同,血清HBeAg表达与否和HBV DNA水平高低不能单独作为判断肝组织病理变化程度的指标。     

乙型肝炎病毒cccDNA定量与乙型肝炎临床及病理关系

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）肝组织HBVcccDNA定量与乙型肝炎的关系。方法分别采用荧光定量PCR、酶联免疫吸附分析法（ELISA）检测48例CHB肝组织HBVcccDNA定量、肝组织和血清HB VDNA定量、乙型肝炎病毒标志物。同时用链霉菌抗生素蛋白-过氧化物酶连接法（SP）检测肝细胞中HBcAg表达。分析肝组织HBVcccDNA与组织和血清HBV DNA、HBeAg、肝细胞内HBcAg水平及肝脏炎症活动度的关系.结果1．肝组织HBVcccDNA定量与组织和血清HBV DNA定量呈正相关（r=0．837，P〈0．001；r=0．627，P〈0．005）；2．肝组织HBV cccDNA定量与肝细胞内HBcAg半定量呈正相关（r=0．618，P〈0．005）；3．肝组织HBV cccDNA定量与肝脏炎症活动度尤明显相关（P〉0．05）：4．HBeAg阳性较抗-HBe阳性患者肝组织HBV cccDNA定量、肝组织和血清HBV DNA定量高（P〈0．05）。结论荧光定量PCR法检测肝组织HBV cccDNA定量是评价HBV复制最直接可靠的指标，在CHB的诊断和抗病毒治疗中有重要意义。但与肝组织炎症无明显相关。     

乙型肝炎患儿细胞因子与HBV DNA及血清乙肝标志物的关系

探讨小儿慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）细胞因子IL-12和INFγ与HBV DNA定量及HBVM的关系及意义。46例慢性乙型肝炎患儿和30例健康儿童均分别以ELISA法检测IL—12和IFNγ及HBVM,以荧光定量PCR法检测HBV DNA。HBeAg阴性组IL—12和IFNγ较HBeAg阳性组明显升高（P值均〈0．05）。高病毒载最组IL-12和IFNγ水平均显著高于对照组（P值均〈0．01）。慢性乙型肝炎患儿IL—12和IFNγ与HBeAg及HBV DNA水平密切相关。     

慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化患者肝组织病毒载量与肝组织损伤程度的关系

目的了解慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）、肝硬化患者肝内HBV载量的变化与肝组织损伤程度的关系及其对该类患者的预后意义。方法经血清学及肝穿刺病理组织学证实为CHB 46例,经血清学及影像学确诊、手术获得的肝硬化标本17例。采用实时荧光载量系统检测血清及肝组织HBV DNA载量,并观察肝组织炎症及纤维化程度。结果 （1）肝硬化组血清HBV DNA载量低于HBeAg阳性CHB组（P〈0.01）、高于HBeAg阴性CHB组（P〈0.001）;肝硬化组肝组织HBV DNA载量低于HBeAg阳性及HBeAg阴性CHB组（P〈0.001、P〈0.01）;HBeAg阳性及阴性CHB组的肝组织HBV DNA载量均高于血清HBV DNA载量（P〈0.05、P〈0.01）,肝硬化组肝组织HBV DNA载量低于血清（P〈0.001）。（2）CHB、肝硬化血清HBV DNA载量与肝组织的炎症及纤维化程度呈正相关（P〈0.05）,肝组织HBV DNA载量则与肝组织的炎症及纤维化程度呈明显负相关（P〈0.05）。结论肝组织HBV DNA较血清HBV DNA载量更能准确反映肝内HBV复制水平、肝组织损伤程度以及CHB、CHB肝硬化的进展程度。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA载量与肝组织病理学变化关系研究

探讨慢性乙型肝炎轻度患者血清HBV DNA载量与肝组织病理学变化的关系。方法根据血清HBeAg状态将310例慢性乙型肝炎轻度患者分为HBeAg阳性和HBeAg阴性,应用荧光定量PCR技术检测血清HBV DNA水平,常规进行肝活检术和病理学观察,分析血清HBV DNA载量与肝组织病理学变化的关系。结果224例HBeAg阳性患者肝组织炎症程度以G0（42.0%）为主,纤维化程度以S0（58.0%）为主;86例HBeAg阴性患者炎症程度以G0（29.1%）、G1（30.2%）、G2（34.9%）为主,纤维化程度以S0（51.2%）为主;HBeAg阳性患者血清HBV DNA水平与肝组织炎症程度无明显相关（r=-0.098,P＞0.05）,与纤维化分期间存在负相关关系（r=-0.309,P＜0.01）;HBeAg阴性患者血清HBV DNA水平与肝组织炎症程度存在正相关关系（r=0.306,P＜0.01）,与纤维化程度无明显相关（r=0.112,P＞0.05）。结论 HBeAg阳性与HBeAg阴性患者血清HBV DNA载量与肝组织病理学变化的关系存在显著差别,应区别分析其临床意义。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者HBeAg、ALT与HBV-DNA相关性探讨

检测555例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBeAg定量、HBV—DNA及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平，并进行相关性分析。结果发现本组患者HBeAg定量与HBV．DNA定量呈正相关（r为0．457，P〈0．05），血清ALT水平与HBeAg定量和HBV—DNA定量呈负相关（r分别为-0．152、-0．194，P均〈0．05）。认为血清HBeAg、ALT及HBV—DNA三者相互影响，在慢性乙型肝炎诊断中均有重要意义。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者HBV血清学模式与病毒载量关系的研究

目的通过分析乙型肝炎肝硬化患者HBV血清学模式、HBVDNA、肝功能,探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者抗病毒治疗的临床意义。方法回顾性分析168例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的病史、血清病毒学指标、肝功能,按不同的指标进行分组、比较。结果168例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者中以HBVDNA阳性者占绝大多数（91．0％）,其中HBeAg阴性者占81．0％;分组比较提示HBVDNA阳性组ALT、AST显著高于阴性组,ALT异常组HBVDNA载量明显高于ALT正常组（P〈0．01）;不同Child—Push分级之间HBVDNA载量无显著性差异。结论乙型肝炎肝硬化住院患者以HBVDNA阳性及HBeAg阴性者居多,HBVDNA呈较高水平复制者,肝脏炎症损害亦较重,故应及早予以抗病毒治疗。     

HBeAg阴性与阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的临床病理比较研究

目的探讨HBeAg阴性和HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的临床病理学差异。方法选择2008年01-05月在北京佑安医院住院并作活体肝组织穿刺病理学诊断（肝穿）且诊断为慢性乙型肝炎的患者157例,其中HBeAg（＋）组87例,HBeAg（-）组50例,对2组间的血清学指标及肝穿病理结果进行对比分析。结果①HBeAg（＋）组和HBeAg（-）组HBV DNA阳性率比较有统计学差异（P=0．0000）;②HBeAg（＋）组患者的ALT异常率要高于HBeAg（-）组,差异具有统计学意义（P=0．023）;⑧HBeAg（＋）组的病理炎症分级要重于HBeAg（-）组,差异具有统计学意义（P=0．0021）,但2组间纤维化程度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;④HBeAg（-）组中HBV DNA（＋）组的病理炎症分级要重于HBV DNA（-）组,差异有统计学意义（P=0．007）,但2组间纤维化程度差异没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论血清HBeAg阳性是判断HBV复制的良好指标。对HBeAg阴性患者应常规测定血清HBV DNA水平,筛查前C区变异。尤其应对HBeAg阴性且HBV DNA高水平的患者加以重视,结合肝穿结果综合评估病情以指导临床诊疗。     

荧光定量检测HBV cccDNA在慢性乙型肝炎患者中的应用

目的:研究慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV共价闭合环状DNA(cccDNA)在外周血的分布、肝组织中含量及探讨抗病毒治疗对慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV cccDNA的影响。方法:随机选取HBV DNA阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者、肝硬化患者、重型肝炎患者共125例。使用实时荧光定量PCR法检测血清中cccDNA。选取36例慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织和外周血样本,酶切后进行荧光定量PCR检测。60例慢性乙型肝炎患者,按1:1随机分配接受拉米夫定或干扰素治疗,所有患者均治疗24周以上;应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术检测慢性乙型肝炎患者0周、8周、12周、24周、HBV cccDNA及HBV DNA含量。结果:125例患者中cccDNA阳性率为71.2%,以肝硬化患者阳性率最低。肝硬化患者HBVcccDNA检出阳性率与慢性乙型肝炎患者及重型肝炎患者比较,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。肝组织中HBV cccDNA与肝组织总HBV DNA及血清HBV DNA存在相关性(P0.05),HBeAg阳性组与阴性组患者比较差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。患者接受抗病毒治疗后血清HBV DNA及HBV cccDNA下降。结论:乙型肝炎肝硬化患者外周血HBV cccDNA阳性率低,慢性乙型肝炎患者中HBeAg(+)组病毒复制较HBeAg(-)组活跃。抗病毒治疗对血清HBV cccDNA有抑制作用;血清HBV cccDNA可作为抗病毒治疗的重要监测指标。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBeAg、HBV DNA与肝组织炎症关系的探讨

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎血清HBeAg及HBV DNA水平和肝组织炎症损害的关系.方法采用微粒子免疫捕捉分析法和荧光定量聚合酶链反应分别对74例HBeAg阴性和73例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者进行血清HBeAg、HBV DNA定量检测和肝组织活检病理炎症分级,对比分析结果.结果74例HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者中27例（36%）血清HBV DNA＞105拷贝/ml,随着G1～G4肝组织炎症损害级别的增高其所占例数也相应增高,统计学分析HBV DNA水平与肝组织炎症病理分级的相关性有显著意义;血清HBeAg定量0～29 PEIU/ml,随肝组织炎症病理分级上升定量阳性（＞0.28 PEIU/ml）的病例比率增加,经统计学分析两者具有相关性.73例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者中有49例（67%）血清HBV DNA＞105拷贝/ml,血清HBeAg及HBV DNA水平与肝组织炎症分级无相关性.结论血清HBV DNA水平可作为判断HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织炎症损害程度的指标,血清HBV DNA水平愈高肝组织炎症损害往往愈重.36%的HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBeAg水平低下而HBV DNA复制活跃,可能存在HBV的前C区终止突变合并C区突变.血清HBV DNA水平不能反映HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎肝组织炎症损害的程度.     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.