稀磁合金中磁性杂质相互作用对热电势的影响

本文应用耦合磁性杂质理论,研究了稀磁合金的热电势在低温下随温度和磁杂质浓度的变化关系.理论计算表明,RKKY 耦合杂质对 s 电子散射的最低阶自能图对热电势贡献～C/T(C 为磁杂质浓度).采用环形近似,可以消除 T~(-1)发散.把单杂质的 s-d 交换作用和磁杂质间的耦合作用一起考虑,得到低温下的热电势理论公式,与磁杂质浓度在0.02-0.05at.%范围的 AuFe、CuFe 合金实验曲线符合.     

廉金属稀磁铜铁合金低温热电偶实验研究

稀磁镍铬-铜铁合金热电偶是继镍铬-金铁低温热电偶之后研究出现的一种新的低温热电偶,可适用于4~273 K低温温度范围的测量。本文基于稀磁合金热电偶低温4~273 K分度特性的实验研究。分析计算稀磁铜铁合金磁性杂质在低温下对热电势的影响。应用数理统计随机模型为理论依据,建立"双介质法"热电极动态不均匀性的质量分析和控制方法。提高新热电偶电极的品质,促进廉金属稀磁铜铁合金低温热电偶代替贵金属金铁合金热偶的应用发展。     

近藤(Kondo)效应介绍

在稀磁合金中,由于杂质与传导电子的交换作用,使这类系统的低温电子特性表现出一系列的反常.最早观测到的是在电阻随温度变化的曲线上出现极小;其次是磁化率偏离居里定律,有效磁矩随温度降低连续减小,以及比热和热功率在低温下出现宽峰等一系列反常现象.日本物理学家近藤(J.Kondo)首先对电阻极小现象作出了正确的理论解释,并提出了深入研究的基本问题,大大活跃了这一研究领域,从此人们将稀磁合金中低温反常现象的研究通称为Kondo效应. 一、电阻极小现象 早在1930年Meissner和Voight[1]就观测到金(Au)的电阻温度曲线在10K附近出现了一个浅…     

铜铁合金与金铁合金低温热电偶特性研究

本文以铜铁合金、金铁合金低温热电偶的分度实验为基础,对两种热电偶的分度特性、微观机理等进行了分析比较.并在微型气体制冷机二级冷头温度(10K)测定中进行了实际考核.给出了国产含铁0.13％的镍铬-铜铁热电偶(NiCr-Cu 0.13％Fe)4—273K的分度表.从理论和实验上肯定了在较广的温域使用铜铁合金低温热电偶与金铁合金具有相同优越的热电性能.     

稀磁合金的杂质效应对热导率和热电势的影响

本文采用李正中的Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎｉａｎ，讨论了稀磁合金中ｓｄ互作用效应（孤立杂质效应和ＲＫＫＹ关联效应）对热导率和热电势的影响．     

S-D系统的统一模型与稀磁合金的热导率和热电势

本文采用Anderson s-d混合模型和s-d交换模型,讨论了磁性杂质溶入金属后,对稀磁合金热导率和热电势的影响,并对Cd-Mn合金进行了定量的讨论。     

稀磁合金的杂质互作用效应

本文用格林函数方法讨论Tk(Kondo温度)时杂质互作用对Kondo效应的影响。对s-d互作用哈密顿量作自洽场近似时,同时计入导致Kondo效应和产生杂质互作用的切断项,求得了杂质系统的Kondo温度和低温电阻。结果表明:在稀磁合金中,杂质间的互作用效应使Kondo温度下降,并且使T《T_k时的电阻率温度变化曲线由(1-AT²)型变为(1+BT²)型(A,B>0),从而可能在Tk温区产生电阻极大。 关键词：     

低温热偶材料的绝对热电势率

我们测量了国产常用低温热偶材料的绝对热电势率,给出了镍铬、金铁、铜和康铜从4.2到273 K的测量结果.根据材料的热电势率计算了这些热偶材料配对组成的热电偶的热电势率和热电势与温度的关系.结果表明与实验一致.     

过渡金属Fe，Co，Ni居里点附近热电势的实验研究

测量了纯金属Fe，Co，Ni的热电势发现，在居里点附近热电势随温度的变化关系曲线均呈现先凹后凸的反常现象.由曲线的转折处可确定三个居里温度，即铁磁态居里点T_f，居里点T_C和顺磁居里点θ_p.由曲线可见，金属由铁磁态到顺磁态的相转变，存在一定温度间隔的转变过程，居里温度是这一过程的中间温度.分析曲线表明，温度在T_f与T_C范围有空穴参与导电，说明磁性负载者是d带中的空穴.对于温度在T_C与θ_p范围可能存在短程有序进行了讨论. 关键词： Fe Co Ni 热电势 居里温度     

电子型超导体Sm1.85Ce0.15CuO4单晶的赝能隙行为研究

测量了在O2中退火不同时间的Sm1.85Ce0.15CuO4单晶样品的热电势S与电阻率ρ的温度依赖关系.所有的样品电阻率高温下呈现线性温度依赖行为.未退火的样品在148K发生超导转变,而退火后的样品在低温下发生金属半导体相变,其超导电性消失,表明退火引起了载流子浓度下降,体系进入欠掺杂态.随着温度降低,所有的样品ST和ρT曲线在200K附近(T)都发生斜率的改变,可以用赝能隙现象解释.热电势S在低温下出现一个正的曳引峰,意味着载流子符号发生改变,由电子型转变为空穴型 关键词： 电子型超导体 热电势 赝能隙     

Pressure as a parameter in the study of dilute magnetic alloys

A large body of data is reviewed, which illustrates how the high pressure technique can be used to gain information about the magnetic and electronic state of dilute magnetic alloys. Values for the pressure dependence of the elementary effective exchange interaction between a magnetic impurity spin and the conduction electron sea are extracted from the data and tabulated for a number of extremely dilute alloys containing both transition metal and rare earth impurities. Results of experiments on host alloy series employing ‘lattice pressure’ are compared to the present ‘external pressure’ results and critically analysed; it is shown how such a comparison can be used to give information about the extent of the electronic screening around an impurity potential. The effect of pressure on impurity-impurity interactions in spin glasses is also examined; a comparison of the pressure studies on extremely dilute alloys to those on spin glasses allows an estimate of the nature of the interaction mechanisms important in the latter case. Evidence for a pressure-induced spin glass to Kondo transition in LaCe is also presented. It is suggested that the present results fit into a larger picture that magnetism, when present, tends to be weakened when high pressure is applied.     

dHvA observation of spin-dependent scattering by magnetic pairs of Co impurities in Au

We report the first dHvA observations of interaction effects between impurities, via measurements of the spin-dependent scattering of conduction electrons by magnetic pairs of Co impurities in Au. The local moment associated with Co pairs produces the only spin-dependent scattering in these dilute alloys because isolated Co impurities (which are also present) carry no local moment at low temperatures. The results are used to estimate the concentration (or average separation) of magnetic pairs.     

Resistance minimum and heavy fermions

The phenomenon of the resistance minimum in dilute magnetic alloys is explained in terms of the s-d interaction which takes account of scattering of the conduction electron off the magnetic impurities in metals. Some of the intermetallic compounds which involve rare earth elements or uranium show a very large electronic specific heat and remain non-magnetic even though they show a Curie-like susceptibility at higher temperatures. These phenomena are also explained based on the s-d interaction model.     

Local magnetic ordering of Fe impurities in Pd2MnSn

Mössbauer effect of Fe⁵⁷ embedded as very dilute substitutional impurities in Pd₂MnSn was studied. The impurities are seen to replace the three elements in the alloy. Although the Curie temperature of the alloy is 189K, well below the room temperature, the Mössbauer spectrum recorded at room temperature consisted of two distinct 6-finger magnetic hyperfine spectra and a single unsplit line. One of the 6-finger patterns which corresponds to an internal magnetic field ofH _int=?375 kOe is inferred to arise due to local magnetic coupling of the localized magnetic moments of Fe impurities at the Pd sites with those of the 4 Mn first nearest neighbours of the Fe impurities. The other 6-finger pattern which corresponds to an internal magnetic field ofH _int=?335 kOe is inferred to arise due to the local magnetic coupling of the localized magnetic moments of the Fe impurities at the Sn sites with those of the 6 Mn second nearest neighboours of the Fe impurities. The difference in the internal magnetic fields observed at the Pd and Sn sites in the alloy could be understood qualitatively, on the basis of RKKY theory, as arising due to the different conduction electron polarization contributions to the net internal magnetic field at the Fe impurity sites. The results of the measurements suggest that the localized magnetic moments of Fe⁵⁷ impurities at Pd and Sn sites are antiferromagnetically coupled with the moments of their neighbouring Mn atoms.     

Effect of impurities on the thermoelectric power of amorphous germanium

Large and anomalous changes in the thermoelectric power of amorphous (a?) Ge films have been observed on doping with impurities of Al, Fe and Sb. Depending on the concentration, Al and Sb impurities contribute a negative thermoelectric power below 300°K. and a positive thermoelectric power above 300°K. The effect of Fe is very small below 1 at. %. The thermoelectric power attains high temperature-independent positive values for large (> 1 at. %) concentrations of Al. The observed effects of the impurities cannot be understood in terms of the conventional crystalline semiconductor concepts. A band structure model for a-Ge has been proposed to qualitatively understand the changes in the sign and magnitude of the thermoelectric power with temperature.     

Charge transfer in binary alloys and to impurities in iron

The energy density formalism in the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac approximation was used to study charge transfer in equiatomic binary ordered alloys and in dilute iron alloys. This method was applied outside of a core region around each nucleus; the inner region was treated by taking the electron density to be that given by free atom wave functions.The results for the equivolume charge transfer in binary alloys agreed satisfactorily with existing KKR-selfconsislent field calculations.For metalloid impurities in iron, the charge transfer to the impurity, and the variation of lattice parameter with concentration was computed. The latter compared fairly well with experiments.The theory explicitly displays the role of the electron density at the cell boundary in alloy formation and charge transfer effects. Alloy formation is visualized as a process in which atomic cells of the pure metals are expanded or compressed to the equilibrium cell volume of the alloy, bringing the cells together to form the alloy, and then allowing the electron distribution to relax.The general conclusion of this work is that modifying the TFD theory by using it only in regions where the electron density does not vary too rapidly, and using quantum theory results for the density close to the nuclei. provides a satisfactory method for studying charge transfer.     

Local moment and ferromagnetic state formation in dilute,degenerate d-electron alloys: Ferromagnetic versus antiferromagnetic interactions

In this note the Kim [1] non-degenerate Anderson model (NDAM) of random dilute alloys treatment of local moment and ferromagnetic state formation is generalized to the ten-fold degenerate Anderson model (TDAM) of Siegel and Kemeny [2], Siegel [3,4] and Moriya [12]. We first determine how an impurity state is modified by neighboring impurities. For a simple binary alloy the local electron state at each impurity site depends upon the local distribution of other impurities. Second we derive a TDAM general relationship for the occurrence of a local moment on one impurity and the ferromagnetic ordering of the total impurity spins. Lastly we derive the impurity-impurity TDAM magnetic interaction; for the direct transfer interaction the impurity-impurity magnetic interaction can be ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic depending upon the fractional occupation of impurity states. At each stage we compare our results with those of Kim's NDAM treatment.     

The electrical transport properties of thin metal films containing ionized impurities

Summary Analytical expressions for the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power are calculated for thin metal films containing ionized impurities that affect the value and the energy dependence of the electron relaxation time. The electrical conductivity decreases, whereas the thermoelectric power increases on addition of such impurities. For pure lattice scattering there is no size effect in the thermoelectric power. To speed up publication, the author of this paper has agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Electrical transport and specific heat of a Cr+2.2 at% Al single crystal

Electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power and specific heat measurements are reported for a Cr+2.2 at% Al alloy single crystal, having an Al content close to the triple point on the magnetic phase diagram of the Cr–Al alloy system. A weak resistivity component of spin-density-wave origin, not previously observed in alloys near the triple point concentration, is isolated at low temperatures. Its presence is confirmed by the thermoelectric measurements. The specific heat measurements suggest a maximum in the density of states at the Fermi energy for alloy concentrations close to the triple point, a point that appears to be a particular type of critical point for the Cr–Al alloy system.