非晶力学流变的自组织临界行为

非晶材料是由液体快冷冻结而成的结构无序的亚稳态固体.在受力条件下,非晶材料表现出独特和复杂的流变行为,具有跨尺度的高度时空不均匀特征,并在一定条件下表现出自组织临界行为,和自然界以及物理系统中许多复杂体系的动力学行为相似.本文结合作者近年来在非晶合金流变行为方面的研究结果,对非晶材料流变的研究进展和物理机制的认识进行介绍,包括非晶材料流变的跨尺度特征、表征和微观结构机制,以及近年来发现的非晶力学流变的自组织临界行为、物理机制等.最后,对非晶材料流变行为研究中亟需解决的问题进行了总结和展望.     

含崩塌概率的一维沙堆模型的自组织临界性

提出了一个含崩塌概率的一维沙堆模型,并用元胞自动机方法对该模型进行计算机模拟. 结果表明在崩塌概率p从0到1的变化过程中存在两个临界点p₁和p₂. 当p₁2时模型具有自组织临界行为,并且系统在从平凡行为到自组织临界行为之间有一个快速的转变. 当模型具有自组织临界性时,这种自组织临界行为具有普适性,两个临界指数分别是1.50±0.02和1.58±0.15. 该模型能够较好地解释一维米粒堆实验中出现的自组织临界现象关键词：自组织临界性BTW模型崩塌概率     

约束阱中受激发原子的集体反弹效应所导致的自组织行为

研究N个中性二能级原子在谐振约束阱中与光场作用时的集体动力学行为.原子在简谐约束阱中受到强光场的抽运后,由于原子与光场相互作用的反弹效应而激发简谐振动模,从而量化地改变原子与光场作用的共振匹配条件,在一定系统参数条件下将导致弱探测光场强度的显著放大,并伴随着原子在相空间内自发地产生集体自组织的团簇结构.关键词：原子反弹激光模型反弹效应自组织结构     

自组织临界的OFC模型在聚丙烯介电弛豫中的应用

将自组织临界中OFC模型的能量传递概念及相关参量α引入极值动力学模型,得到了同时与KWW方程和幂律均相关的介电弛豫的函数关系。用时域介电谱方法测量了聚丙烯在-15～90℃慢极化电荷的释放过程,结果显示：在较低温度,弛豫为幂律;在较高温度,弛豫随时间的增加从幂律过渡到KWW关系。理论分析与实验结果基本一致,由此可知KWW方程的参量β反映了外界温度对材料弛豫单元物影响;参量α反映了能量传递的大小及温度的影响,当β较小或α较大时,弛豫的幂律关系较为明显。     

Continuously Varying Exponents in a Sandpile Model with Dissipation Near Surface

We consider the directed Abelian sandpile model in the presence of sink sites whose density f_t at depth t below the top surface varies as ct^–. For >1 the disorder is irrelevant. For <1, it is relevant and the model is no longer critical for any nonzero c. For =1 the exponents of the avalanche distributions depend continuously on the amplitude c of the disorder. We calculate this dependence exactly, and verify the results with simulations.     

Steady State of Stochastic Sandpile Models

We study the steady state of the Abelian sandpile models with stochastic toppling rules. The particle addition operators commute with each other, but in general these operators need not be diagonalizable. We use their Abelian algebra to determine their eigenvalues, and the Jordan block structure. These are then used to determine the probability of different configurations in the steady state. We illustrate this procedure by explicitly determining the numerically exact steady state for a one dimensional example, for systems of size ≤12, and also study the density profile in the steady state.     

二维格气模型中动力学相变与自组织临界现象

应用数值方法研究了一种具有封闭边界条件的Manna沙堆模型——格气模型.通过模拟,发现 系统存在一个临界密度ρ_c≈0.684…,得到了相应的临界指数α≈0.452±0.02 ,并且还发现只有在特定的粒子数密度范围,系统才能体现出自组织临界性.关键词：沙堆模型格气模型自组织临界现象     

The Asymmetric Avalanche Process

An asymmetric stochastic process describing the avalanche dynamics on a ring is proposed. A general kinetic equation which incorporates the exclusion and avalanche processes is considered. The Bethe ansatz method is used to calculate the generating function for the total distance covered by all particles. It gives the average velocity of particles which exhibits a phase transition from an intermittent to continuous flow. We calculated also higher cumulants and the large deviation function for the particle flow. The latter has the universal form obtained earlier for the asymmetric exclusion process and conjectured to be common for all models of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality class.     

Sensitivity to Initial Conditions in Self-Organized Critical Systems

We discuss sensitivity to initial conditions in a model for avalanches in granular media displaying self-organized criticality. We show that damage, due to a small perturbation in initial conditions, does not spread. The damage persists in a statistically time-invariant and scale-free form. We argue that the origin of this behavior is the Abelian nature of the model, which generalizes our results to all models with Abelian properties, including the BTW model and the Manna model. An ensemble average of the damage leads to seemingly time dependent damage spreading. Scaling arguments show that this numerical result is due to the time lag before avalanches reach the initial perturbation.     

LK-99的半磁悬浮和高温超导体的锁定磁悬浮

基于电磁学和超导物理学的原理和相关实验数据,说明所谓的室温常压超导体LK-99在圆盘状钕铁硼永磁体极面的半悬浮应来源于其中的铁磁杂质碎片所受的转矩和引力。涂覆Y-Ba-Cu-O的高温超导体薄片在这种永磁体磁极上下的锁定悬浮,则起因于不均匀外磁场中超导体位置变化感生的超导电流所受该磁场的位置回复洛伦兹力,而并非迈斯纳效应和所谓的量子锁定的结果。     

模式耦合对倾斜校正自适应光学系统的非等晕限制

分析了当入射信标波前与观测目标不在同一方向且考虑模式之间的耦合时,倾斜校正自适应光学系统的波前残余误差。并引入模式耦合因子变量,分析了模式耦合对倾斜校正自适应光学系统波前校正残余误差的影响。此外还给出了光波水平大气传输时的数值计算结果。