汉源花椒挥发油超临界CO_2萃取与GC-MS分析

用超临界CO2萃取汉源花椒挥发油,并以GC-MS分析了其成分。通过正交实验确定超临界CO2萃取挥发油的优化条件为:以75%乙醇(添加量为原料质量的5%)为夹带剂、萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度40℃、萃取时间2.0 h,此时,挥发油的收率为9.92%。用GC-MS分离出69个峰,鉴定出56种物质,主要成分为:芳樟丁酸酯(30.212%)、(1α,3α,4β,6α)-4,7,7-三甲基-双环[4.1.0]庚烷-3-醇(10.940%)、(+)-4-蒈烯(1.826%)、4-亚甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-双环[3.1.0]环己烷(1.109%)、β-月桂烯(1.170%)、柠檬烯(5.784%)、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇(5.742%)、n-棕榈酸(0.914%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳烯酸(2.952%)等。结果表明,汉源花椒挥发油的超临界CO2萃取收率比水蒸气蒸馏的收率高,且成分丰富。     

超临界CO_2萃取蜂胶有效成分的研究

采用四因素三水平的正交设计,研究了超临界CO2萃取蜂胶有效成分的萃取工艺,并用色质联用法分析了蜂胶提取物的成分组成。结果表明,超临界CO2萃取蜂胶有效成分最佳工艺条件为:萃取温度55℃、萃取压力30MPa、CO2循环量0 6kg/g、w(携带剂)=5%。通过GC-MS分析,共鉴定出其中24个组分。     

艾叶超临界CO2萃取浸膏GC-MS分析

采用GC-MS法对超临界CO_2萃取艾叶浸膏的化学成分进行分析,并通过面积归一化法测定各组分的相对百分含量,外标法定量研究挥发油中桉油精、樟脑、龙脑、β-石竹烯、氧化石竹烯五种标志性挥发油成分的含量。结果表明,艾叶浸膏中三十六烷(17.50%),乙酸环阿屯酯(9.38%),β-香树脂酮(8.94%),乙酸羽扇豆酯(6.01%),十八烷-9,12,15-三烯酸(3.86%)等含量比较高。桉油精、樟脑、龙脑的含量随超临界CO_2萃取压力的升高而升高,β-石竹烯、氧化石竹烯含量随超临界CO_2萃取压力的升高反而降低。     

超临界CO2萃取西藏红景天有效成分的工艺研究

以西藏红景天根茎为原料,通过单因素与正交实验探讨了西藏红景天有效成分的超临界CO2萃取工艺.结果表明,超临界CO2萃取西藏红景天影响因素次序为夹带剂体积分数＞萃取温度＞萃取压力＞萃取时间.最佳萃取工艺条件为:夹带剂体积分数85%,萃取温度55℃,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取时间2 h.此条件下红景天萃取物得率为5.65%.     

超临界CO_2萃取技术研究与应用

超临界CO_2萃取技术是一种新型的分离技术,它具有高效、方便、安全、环保、选择性好等优点,被广泛应用于中草药、食品、香料、化工及环境保护等领域.本文就超临界CO_2萃取技术的发展概况,原理,应用,以及未来发展做了简单的介绍.     

青皮挥发油超临界CO_2萃取的GC-MS测定

采用超临界CO2流体萃取中药青皮中的挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分离鉴定,并以面积归一化法测定了各组分的相对含量。结果表明,青皮挥发油的主要化学成分为d-柠檬烯、正二十烷、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸-2,3-二羟丙基酯、(Z)-9-十八碳烯酸甲酯、γ-谷甾醇、1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1,2-环己二醇、棕榈酸甲酯、2-甲基-1-鲸蜡醇等,为青皮的进一步研究利用提供了参考。     

超临界CO_2萃取迷迭香精油及其化学成分分析

迷迭香是非常受关注的天然抗氧化剂来源植物之一。该研究用超临界CO2流体萃取技术对福建产迷迭香进行精油提取研究,萃取过程采用程序加压和程序升温,进一步采用GC-MS联用技术对萃取得到的迷迭香精油组分进行了分析。共分离出44个组分峰,鉴定出其中43个化学成分,占挥发油总量的97.83%。福建产迷迭香挥发油中含量较高的成分如α-蒎烯(10.54%)、莰烯(4.63%)、柠檬烯(7.27%)、桉叶油素(11.76%)、樟脑(9.25%)等的混合香气构成了迷迭香精油的特征香气。根据国际标准对迷迭香精油的分型,确定福建产迷迭香与突尼斯/摩洛哥型更为相近。     

超临界CO_2萃取铁观音茶叶香气成分

分别采用索氏萃取(SE)、同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)和超临界CO2萃取(SFE)方法提取铁观音的香气成分。用GC/MS分析比较了萃取物中香气成分的组成及质量分数。SDE获得了最多的香气组分,而SFE得到的主要香气成分质量分数和萃取率最高。进一步考察了SFE的压力、温度及夹带剂对主要香气成分的萃取率及质量分数的影响,结果表明随着压力升高香气成分的萃取率及质量分数均升高。而当温度和夹带剂中乙醇质量比为45℃和5%时,总香气成分的萃取率最高,且主要香气成分的质量分数比未添加夹带剂时提高达几十倍,与SFE所得萃取物在香烟中品香评吸的结论完全吻合。     

超临界CO_2萃取辣椒油实验研究

研究了利用超临界CO2为萃取剂,从辣椒中萃取分离辣椒油的工艺。考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、辣椒原料颗粒大小以及CO2流量等因素对辣椒油萃取率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:压力22 MPa,CO2流量0.3~0.4 m3/h,颗粒度30~50目,温度315 K。超临界萃取法具有工艺简单、操作安全、产品无溶剂残留、提取率高等优点。     

黑种草籽油的超临界CO_2萃取及其GC-MS分析

以新疆瘤果黑种草籽为原料,采用超临界CO2萃取技术(SFE-CO2)研究了瘤果黑种草籽油的萃取工艺,并对其化学成分进行了GC-MS分析。得到瘤果黑种草籽油较适宜的工艺条件为:萃取压力20 MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间2 h,CO2流量20 kg/h。在该工艺条件下,黑种草籽油的得油率达36.33%。GC-MS检测出6种脂肪酸成分,主要为不饱和脂肪酸,其中,亚油酸质量分数60.95%,油酸质量分数20.54%,8,11-二十碳二烯酸质量分数2.43%,不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数近84%。     

超临界CO2萃取大豆卵磷脂工艺条件的研究

本文通过对萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间等条件的实验,获得了最佳的工艺参数。实验结果表明,超临界萃取法具有工艺简单、操作安全、产品质量好、萃取效率高等优点。     

超临界CO2萃取辣椒红色素工艺条件的研究

本文通过对萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间等条件的探索,获得了最佳的工艺参数。实验结果表明,超临界萃取法具有工艺简单、操作安全、产品质量好、萃取效率高等优点。     

超临界二氧化碳中季铵盐插层改性蒙脱土的制备和结构调控

为了改善蒙脱土的层间结构、分散状态和表面形貌,在以超临界二氧化碳为媒介的环境下,利用十四烷基三甲基溴化铵对钠基蒙土进行有机插层改性,并考察了反应压强和洗涤方式对插层效果的影响。利用热重分析仪(TGA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和比表面积仪(BET)对样品进行分析和表征。结果表明,当温度和试剂用量一定,反应压强为20 MPa,并且采用先蒸馏水洗涤再乙醇洗涤的后处理方式时,插层效果较好。在此条件下,季铵盐成功插层到蒙脱土片层,间距由1.31 nm增加到1.70 nm,样品中仍然存在一些聚集体结构,但是颗粒粒径减小,颗粒形貌变得蓬松。     

超临界二氧化碳微乳液的研究进展

系统地阐述了超临界二氧化碳微乳液的形成机理和概念,讨论了能形成超临界二氧化碳微乳液的表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的结构设计和选择。介绍了傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)、核磁共振(NMR)、紫外可见光谱(UV-VIS)、X射线小角散射(SAXA)、中子小角散射(SANS)和动态光散射(DLS)等近代测试方法在超临界二氧化碳微乳液结构特性研究中的应用,并对超临界二氧化碳微乳液的研究应用进行了展望。     

Synthesis of montmorillonite/polystyrene nanocomposites in supercritical carbon dioxide

Monomer styrene and initiator N,N′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) were impregnated into montmorillonite (MMT) galleries using supercritical CO₂ at 35°C and 12.0 MPa, after thermal polymerization of monomer at 65°C, resulting in MMT/polystyrene nanocomposites. The morphology and structure of the products were characterized by FTIR, powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that MMT is dispersed in the composite with intercalated and exfoliated structures, enhancing the thermal stability of nanocomposites. Changing the soaking time and the content of MMT in the supercritical solution during the impregnating process can control the exfoliated extent of MMT. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1194–1197, 2004     

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of spearmint oil from mint-plant leaves

Spearmint oil (essential oil of Mentha spicata) was extracted from Turkish mint-plant leaves using supercritical CO₂ in a basket-type extractor. Effects of temperature, pressure, extraction time, amount of CO₂, and entrainer (ethanol) concentration on composition of essential-oil extracts and oil yield, relative to hydro-distillation, were investigated. Relative yields were as high as 80%. Monoterpenes fraction in extracts was inversely correlated with relative oil yields. Monoterpenes were preferentially extracted by CO₂ due to their high vapor pressure, low molar mass and low polarity. Supercritical extraction presented advantages over the conventional hydro-distillation by yielding extracts lower in monoterpenes fraction and by enabling high yields at temperatures safe for the heat-sensitive essential oil.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取中草药有效成分的研究进展

本文对超临界二氧化碳萃取技术在中草药有效成分提取中的应用进行了综述，评价了该技术萃取中草药有效成份的优缺点，指出了该技术在中草药提取应用中的发展趋势。     

Generation of microcellular biodegradable polycaprolactone foams in supercritical carbon dioxide

Microcellular foaming of low‐T_g biodegradable and biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL) in supercritical CO₂ has been studied. The purpose is to apply microcellular materials to drug containers and medical materials for artificial skin or bone. Effects of a series of variable factors on the foam structures, such as saturation temperature, saturation pressure, saturation time, and depressurization time were studied. The experimental results indicate that, while keeping other variables unchanged, higher saturation temperature leads to reduced bulk densities and different saturation pressures result in different nucleation processes. In addition, saturation time has a profound effect on the structure of the product. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 593–597, 2004     

Study of different effect on foaming process of biodegradable bionolle in supercritical carbon dioxide

Microcellular foaming of biodegradable Bionolle in supercritical CO₂ has been produced. The effects of a series of variable factors, such as saturation temperature, saturation pressure, and depressurization time and step on the foam structures and density, were studied through measurement of density and SEM observation. The experimental results show that higher saturation temperatures lead to an increase in bulk densities; and different depressurization time and step result in different product cell morphology. In addition, at some saturation temperature, the orientation of the cells can be found in the product morphology. XRD experimental results show that the foaming treatment with SC CO₂ increased the crystallinity of Bionolle. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2901–2906, 2006