三孔法完全腹腔镜胃/空肠造瘘术

目的：总结三孔法完全腹腔镜胃/空肠造瘘术的初步经验。方法：回顾分析2007年10月至2009年11月采用三孔法行完全腹腔镜胃/空肠造瘘术放置永久性胃/空肠造瘘管10例的临床资料,其中晚期食管癌1例,晚期贲门癌2例,晚期胃癌7例,均完全或几乎不能经口进食,行三孔法完全腹腔镜胃造瘘术3例,三孔法完全腹腔镜空肠造瘘术7例。结果：本组手术均获成功,无中转开放,手术时间45~110min,平均60min,术中出血5~15ml,平均8.5ml,术后住院5~11d,平均7.2d。术后均无并发症发生,造瘘管均顺利开放并维持正常肠内营养。结论：三孔法完全腹腔镜胃/空肠造瘘术放置胃/空肠造瘘管具有患者创伤小、康复快、启用造瘘管早等特点,临床效果满意,值得推广。     

完全腹腔镜下胃良性病手术50例

目的总结腹腔镜下胃大部切除术的可行性、方法及效果并探讨其临床价值。方法回顾分析2002年1月至2006年6月行完全腹腔镜治疗的胃良性病患者50例的临床资料（LG组）,并与同期104例开腹手术患者（OG组）在平均手术时间、术中失血、术后平均住院日及并发症等方面进行比较。结果50例LG组患者手术均在腹腔镜下顺利完成,平均手术时间105min,平均出血50ml,平均住院时间7d,术后2例发生切口感染,无其他严重并发症发生。OG组平均手术时间118min,平均出血108ml,平均住院时间12d,其中7例发生切口感染,3例发生胃排空障碍,并且有1例发生吻合口瘘,1例发生术后肠梗阻。两组间术中出血和住院时间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜下胃手术是一种安全适用的微创外科手术,具有手术时间短、出血少、创伤小、住院时间短的优点。     

经皮内镜胃联合空肠造瘘在普通外科疾病中的应用(附12例报告)

目的:探讨经皮内镜胃造瘘(percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy,PEG)联合经皮内镜空肠造瘘(percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy,PEJ)用于治疗普通外科多种疾病的价值。方法:2003年10月至2008年6月我院为12例普通外科疾病患者行PEG联合PEJ治疗,其中术后胃瘫2例,胆汁回输4例,胰头癌致胃十二指肠不全梗阻6例。结果:12例PEG及PEJ均一次性完成,手术成功率100%。2例造瘘管周围感染,患者PEG/J管发挥作用后逐步停用原有鼻胃(肠)管,改静脉营养补液为肠内营养补液,患者病情明显好转,9例带管出院,3例病情恢复后拔除PEG/J管,瘘口愈合,起到了替代原有鼻胃(肠)管的治疗作用;患者带管期间原有的咽喉部不适等症状消失,满意度高于传统的经鼻胃(肠)管。结论:PEG/J管是建立胃(肠)腔与外界通道的一种非常微创、有效和安全的方法,PEG置管可替代普通外科中大部分较长期的经鼻置胃(肠)管和手术胃(肠)造瘘置管,值得推广。     

超声引导下经皮胃腔穿刺充气术在经皮胃造瘘术中的应用

正经皮胃造瘘术主要用于吞咽困难、需长期肠内营养支持的患者,其引导方式主要为胃镜引导(percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy,PEG)、透视引导(percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy,PRG)及透视联合CT引导。经皮胃造瘘术操作简单、费用低廉,已成为临床建立肠内营养通道的首选方法[1-4];但对于食管严重狭窄、闭塞患者,因胃镜或导管不能通过梗阻段、不能用气体充盈胃     

完全腹腔镜肝总管-空肠吻合术的临床应用

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜肝总管-空肠吻合术的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2011年10月至2013年6月间37例接受腹腔镜肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术患者的临床资料.观察手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后住院时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、切口感染率以及术后胆瘘发生率.结果 37例均完成腹腔镜肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,手术时间为（275.4±12.3） min,术中出血量为（83.1±6.3） ml,切口长度为（5.8±0.7） cm,术后胃肠道恢复时间为（43.3±3.2） h,术后住院时间为（12.6±2.2） d.患者切口感染发生率、胆瘘发生率均为5.4%.结论完全腹腔镜肝总管-空肠吻合术安全有效,创伤较小,术后并发症少,适合临床推广应用.     

三孔法在腹腔镜胃袖状切除术中的应用

目的: 初步探讨三孔法腹腔镜胃袖状切除术（three-port laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, TPLSG）的可行性、安全性及短期临床疗效。方法: 回顾性分析我院普外科2018年1月至7月接受腹腔镜胃袖状切除术（laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, LSG）的病人共39例,其中20例为TPLSG,19例常规五孔LSG。比较两种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、手术相关并发症发生率、术后疼痛程度、术后住院时间以及术后3个月多余体重减少率（excess weight loss, %EWL）。结果: TPLSG组术后疼痛程度和术后出院时间均少于常规五孔LSG组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组的手术时间、术中出血量、手术相关并发症发生率、术后3个月%EWL的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论: TPLSG是一种安全有效的手术方式,其临床效果安全有效,可加快病人康复,缩短住院时间。     

三孔法腹腔镜胃袖状切除术治疗极重度肥胖合并心肌病的应用体会

目的:探讨极重度肥胖合并心肌病的标准化治疗方案.方法:收集2016年1月1日至2019年6月1日诊断为极重度肥胖合并心肌病的6例患者的临床资料,回顾分析其诊疗流程及结果.结果:6例患者均行三孔法腹腔镜胃袖状切除术并顺利出院,1例于术后2个月死亡,考虑肺栓塞;4例出现胆囊结石;2例术后脱发明显.入组患者术后1个月、3个月...     

微创胃造口术的临床应用

目的总结微创胃造口术的经验。方法 1996年1月～2011年2月,行微创胃造口术15例。2例食管癌因为食道梗阻,行免气腹腹腔镜辅助经皮穿刺胃造口术（laparoscopic assisted percutaneous gastrostomy,LAPG）,其余13例行内镜引导下经皮穿刺胃造口术（percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy,PEG）。结果 PEG手术时间10～15 min,免气腹LAPG手术时间分别为52和43 min。术中、术后均无胃腔和腹腔出血、消化液漏入腹腔等并发症。结论 PEG和免气腹LAPG是一种创伤小、安全的胃造口方法。     

完全腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床研究

目的:总结完全腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床经验.方法:回顾分析行完全腹腔镜胃癌根治术45例患者的临床资料,并随访.结果:45例手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹或腹腔镜辅助手术.手术时间平均(300.0±79.1)min;术中出血平均(208.3±137.1)ml;平均清扫淋巴结(29.9±8.2)枚;术后肛门排气时间平均(3.8±...     

经皮内镜下胃造口术（附6例报告）

目的 探索用微创法行胃造口术。方法 在胃镜引导下，穿刺点选择在胃体的大、小弯之间。局麻下，给6位需长期行肠内营养的患，行经皮穿刺胃造口术。结果 从置入胃镜到胃造口术完成中需10-15分钟，术中和术后均无出血、消化液漏入腹腔等并发症。结论 经皮内镜下胃造口术是一种创伤小、安全性大、手术时间短的胃造口方法。     

First results of laparoscopic gastrostomy

Background: Laparoscopic gastrostomy as an alternative to open gastrostomy was introduced with various technical variants 5 years ago. However, long-term results of these new methods are still lacking. Methods: From 4/1993 to 2/1996, laparoscopic gastrostomies were performed on 42 patients (50.9 ± 15.6 [24–71] years) with esophageal stenosis in locally advanced hypopharyngeal (17 patients) or oropharyngeal (nine patients) carcinoma, incurable esophageal carcinoma (13 patients) and cerebral dyspagia (three patients). Operating time was 38 ± 11 min [15–65 min]. Procedure-related mortality was 0%. Major complications occurred in 2/42 (4.7%) patients; minor complications were found in 4/42 (9.4%) patients. During a total usage time of 427 months, 14 stoma infections occurred (0.11 infections/100 days). Conclusion: Laparoscopic gastrostomy allows a safe, fast, and cheap reestablishment of enteral nutrition. The procedure is minimally invasive and can also be performed under local anesthesia. It has become our method of choice in patients with malignant, nonresectable subtotal stenosis of the hypopharynx or esophagus. Received: 5 March 1996/Accepted: 31 July 1996     

Clinical significance of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for patients with severe craniocerebral injury

Objective： To investigate the application of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy （PEG） to patients with severe craniocerebral injury for the purpose of nutritional support therapy and pulmonary infection prevention. Methods： A total of 43 patients with severe craniocerebral injury admitted to our department from January 2008 to December 2012 received PEG followed by nutritional therapy. There were other 82 patients who were prescribed nasal-feeding nutrition. Nutrition status was evaluated by comparing serum albumin levels, and the incidence of pulmonary infection 1 week before and 2 weeks after operation was identified and compared. Results： Both PEG and nasal-feeding nutrition therapies have significantly elevated serum albumin levels （P〈0.05）. Serum albumin levels before and after nutritional therapies showed no significant difference between the two groups （P〉0.05）. The incidence of pulmonary infection in PEG group was significantly decreased compared with that in nasal-feeding nutrition group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： PEG is an effective method for severe craniocerebral injury patients. It can not only provide enteral nutrition but also prevent pulmonary infection induced by esophageal reflux.     

Single site laparoscopic gastrostomy with a 4-mm bronchoscopic optical grasper

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a common technique for gastrostomy placement. However, certain children may not be candidates for PEG, such as those with craniofacial or foregut anomalies and prior surgery. Laparoscopic gastrostomy has also gained popularity, but this requires 2 or 3 trocar sites. The use of a larger single operating laparoscope or multiple-port laparoscopic techniques may not be practical in small children and infants. We describe a simple technique for gastrostomy tube placement in infants using a 4-mm operative bronchoscope.A 1.4-kg infant with a cleft palate and hypotonia underwent general anesthesia. A 5-mm laparoscopic port was placed in the left upper quadrant at the site of the intended gastrostomy. Following pneumoperitoneum, a 4-mm bronchoscopic optical grasper was inserted into the abdomen via the single port. The stomach was grasped and pulled out through the port site. The extracorporeal portion of stomach was matured as a gastrostomy. A low-profile gastrostomy button was placed.Proper position of the gastrostomy device was verified intraoperatively using dye. At 2 months follow-up, the child and gastrostomy are without complication.This technique is minimally invasive and provides direct visualization through one 5-mm abdominal port without the requirement of endoscopy and blind percutaneous entrance into the abdominal cavity. This single-site laparoscopic gastrostomy may be a practical alternative for infants who may not be candidates for PEG or larger single-port operating systems.     

Guidelines for gastrostomy tube placement and enteral nutrition in patients with severe,refractory hypoglycemia after gastric bypass

BackgroundPostbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) affects up to 38% of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients. Severe cases are refractory to diet and medications. Surgical treatments including bypass reversal and pancreatectomy are highly morbid and hypoglycemia often recurs. We have developed a highly effective method of treatment by which enteral nutrition administered through a gastrostomy (G) tube placed in the remnant stomach replaces oral diet: if done correctly this reverses hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia, yielding substantial health and quality of life benefits for severely affected patients.ObjectivesTo provide clinical guidelines for placement of a G-tube to treat postRYGB hypoglycemia, including candidate selection, preoperative evaluation, surgical considerations, and post-RYGB management.SettingStanford University Hospital and Clinics.MethodsBased on our relatively large experience with placing and managing G-tubes for PBH treatment, an interdisciplinary task force developed guidelines for practitioners.ResultsA team approach (endocrinologist, dietitian, surgeon, psychologist) is recommended. Appropriate candidates have a history of RYGB, severe hypoglycemia refractory to medical-nutrition therapy, and significantly affected quality of life. Preoperative requirements include education and expectation setting, determination of initial enteral feeding program, and establishing service with a home enteral provider. Close postoperative follow-up is needed to ensure success and may require adjustments in formula and mode/rate of delivery to optimize tolerance and meet nutritional goals. G-tube nutrition must fully replace oral nutrition to prevent hypoglycemia.ConclusionsG-tube placement in the remnant stomach represents a relatively well-tolerated and effective treatment for severe, refractory hypoglycemia after RYGB.     

A comparison of techniques for laparoscopic gastrostomy placement in children

Background

The insertion of gastrostomy tube (GT) for children is typically accomplished using a minimally invasive approach. There is considerable variability in the technical details of this operation, depending on how much of the procedure is performed intracorporeal. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes and resource utilization of two differing techniques for laparoscopic GT insertion in the pediatric population.

Materials and methods

A single-center retrospective review of all patients who underwent a laparoscopic GT insertion from 2001–2011 was conducted and analyzed based on technique of insertion. This was laparoscopy plus either an intracorporeal Seldinger technique, or an extracorporeal insertion approach, (mini-open technique; [MOT]). Outcomes investigated included short-term complications within the first mo (dislodgement, infection), long-term complications (infection, need for revision, dislodgement), and measures of resource utilization (operative time, material cost, and GT-related hospital visits).

Results

A total of 129 insertions were performed; 87 (67.4%) done using the Seldinger technique, and 42 underwent MOT. Overall, complication rates did not differ between the two groups. Of all patients who underwent a GT placement, 38% were treated for granulation tissue, 27.1% experienced dislodgement, and 23.3% were reported to have a GT-related infection. The MOT approach was associated with a 29% reduction in disposable operating room costs and a 57% reduction in emergency department visits (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrostomy tube insertion via the Seldinger or MOT method have similar morbidity risks, although MOT was associated with less overall resource utilization in this study.     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术后营养支持的临床疗效

目的 探讨肠内营养与肠外营养对腹腔镜胃癌根治术后营养不良患者的临床疗效.方法 通过前瞻性对照研究分析2007年12月至2010年4月在中山大学附属第三医院行腹腔镜胃癌根治术60例患者营养支持的临床资料,按随机数字表法分为肠内营养组和肠外营养组(每组各30例),比较营养支持后两组患者的人体测量学,营养学指标,营养相关并发症及费用.计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用x2检验.结果 肠内营养组患者体质指数、三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围、Hb、转铁蛋白、Alb分别为(16.9±2.4)kg/m2、(10.6±2.5)mm、(24.2±2.5)cm、(106±15)g/L、(2.2+0.4)g/L、(39±3)g/L,肠外营养组患者分别为(16.6±2.1)kg/m2、(9.2±1.3)mm、(24.0±3.4)cm、(102±18)g/L、(2.0+0.4)g/L、(38±3)g/L,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(t=0.52,1.72,0.05,0.93,1.94,1.29,P＞0.05).但肠内营养组前白蛋白、氮平衡水平、肛门排气时间、每日相关费用、菌群失调、糖代谢紊乱、肝功能损害分别为(0.30±0.10)g/L、0.8±0.3、(29±10)h、(210±30)元、1例、2例、2例,肠外营养组分别为(0.25±0.09)g/L、0.4±0.2、(38±6)h、(700±50)元、9例、12例、15例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.03,6.08,2.25,10.38,x2=7.68,9.32,13.87,P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜胃癌根治术后对患者实施营养支持可促进患者的恢复,而肠内营养疗效优于肠外营养,可作为营养支持的首选途径.