纳布啡联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇预防性镇痛对鼻内镜手术患者术后疼痛及恢复质量的影响

目的 观察纳布啡联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇预防性镇痛对鼻内镜手术患者术后疼痛及恢复质量的影响.方法 选取2019年6月-2020年4月该院择期行鼻内镜下鼻中隔偏曲矫形术治疗的患者46例,随机分为纳布啡联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇组(NK组)和酮咯酸氨丁三醇对照组(C组),每组23例.两组患者均于麻醉诱导前10 min行预防性镇痛,NK组...     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇复合酒石酸布托啡诺用于治疗骨折术后急性疼痛的临床效果观察

目的比较单用酮咯酸氨丁三醇和酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合酒石酸布托啡诺用于治疗骨折术后急性疼痛的效果。方法 80例骨折术后急性疼痛患者,拟采用酮咯酸氨丁三醇或酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合酒石酸布托啡诺治疗,随机均分为两组。两组镇痛负荷剂量均为酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg。并继以2 ml/h静脉持续泵注酮咯酸氨丁三醇0.5 mg/kg（A组）及酮咯酸氨丁三醇0.25 mg/kg联合酒石酸布托啡诺10 mg（B组）。采用视觉模拟量表（VAS法）评分法评价给药前（T1）、给药后10 min、1 h、2 h、4 h、6 h（分别为T2、T3、T4、T5、T6）时的镇痛效果,并记录胃部不适、干呕或呕吐等不良反应的发生情况。结果与T1时点相比,两组T2、T3、T4、T5、T6时点VAS评分明显降低（P〈0.05）。与T2-T5时点相比,两组的VAS评分在T6时点升高（P〈0.05）。T6时点A组的VAS评分低于B组（P〈0.05）。B组胃部不适、干呕或呕吐等不良反应发生率明显低于A组（P〈0.05）。结论采用酮咯酸氨丁三醇酮或酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合酒石酸布托啡诺可有效控制骨折术后急性疼痛,其中酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合酒石酸布托啡诺的使用可明显降低相关不良反应发生率,但有效镇痛时间稍短。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛用于小儿腹腔镜疝内环结扎术的临床研究

目的观察在小儿腹腔镜疝内环结扎术中,以超前镇痛模式应用酮咯酸氨丁三醇的镇痛效果。方法选择64例行腹腔镜疝内环结扎术的患儿,随机分为2组,各32例：试验组麻醉诱导前静脉给予酮咯酸氨丁三醇0.5 mg/kg,对照组麻醉诱导前不给予任何镇痛药物。术中采用气管插管静吸复合全身麻醉。统计术后30 min、1、2、4、6 h的疼痛评分和术后5、10、203、0 min及1 h的镇静评分,并观察不良反应的发生情况。结果试验组术后6 h内各时点疼痛评分均低于对照组,而2组术后1 h内各时点镇静评分无明显差异。试验组术后躁动发生率明显低于对照组。结论在小儿腹腔镜疝内环结扎术中,以超前镇痛模式应用酮咯酸氨丁三醇可以获得安全、有效的镇痛效果。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇治疗肾绞痛30例临床分析

目的:探讨酮咯酸氨丁三醇肌肉注射对肾绞痛的镇痛效果.方法:60例肾绞痛患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,在静脉滴注山莨菪碱的同时,治疗组和对照组分别予酮咯酸氨丁三醇肌肉注射30 mg或盐酸曲马多肌肉注射100 mg,观察两组患者30 min内的疼痛缓解率.结果:治疗组和对照组的显效率和有效率分别幻67%、90%和23%、63%,差异显著(P<0.05).结论:酮咯酸氨丁三醇治疗肾绞痛作用显著,并且起效迅速,可作为治疗肾绞痛的首选药.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术采用酮咯酸氨丁三醇对超前镇痛的临床效果分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术采用酮咯酸氨丁三醇对超前镇痛的应用效果。方法收集52例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的资料,均接受腹腔镜手术治疗,对照组25例实施常规手术治疗,观察组27例联合予以酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛处理。结果术后1 h、3 h,分别对两组的疼痛程度进行评估,可得不同时间点观察组的疼痛评分均显著低于对照组(均P0.05)。术后评估患者的焦虑情绪程度,可得观察组的评分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术后14 d,对两组实施生存质量问卷调查和评分比较,可得观察组的各项评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。组间比较,两组术后下床活动时间和住院时间差异有统计学意义,观察组均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。结论对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者实施酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛处理效果显著,可有效降低患者的术后疼痛程度和焦虑程度,提高其生存质量,并促进其术后恢复。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合利多卡因用于妇科小手术镇痛效果观察

目的观察酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合利多卡因用于妇科小手术患者术中镇痛疗效和安全性。方法 87例择期行妇科麻醉手术的患者,随机分为观察组(44例)和对照组(43例),观察2组术后镇痛效果及不良反应。结果 2组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较无明显差异,观察组镇痛效果明显高于对照组。结论酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合利多卡因用于妇科急诊小手术镇痛效果好,值得推广。     

超前镇痛在膝关节周围骨折术后病人护理中的应用

[目的]探讨超前镇痛在膝关节周围骨折术后病人中的应用效果。[方法]将46例病人随机分为观察组和对照组。术前30min观察组给予酮咯酸氨丁三醇30mg静脉输注,行超前镇痛,术后2h开始静脉输注酮咯酸氨丁三醇30mg,每日2次,连用5d。对照组于术前30min静脉输注生理盐水,术后未常规应用止痛药物。观察术后3d、7d、14d膝关节被动和主动屈曲度。[结果]观察组干预后膝关节被动和主动屈曲度均优于对照组。[结论]超前镇痛及持续性被动运动(CPM)机锻炼可明显改善膝关节主动和被动屈伸度。     

右美托咪定联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛对妇科老年腹腔镜手术患者的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛对妇科老年腹腔镜手术患者的影响。方法选取2017年3月至2019年3月我院收治的92例老年腹腔镜手术患者,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各46例。对照组行酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛,观察组行右美托咪定联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛。比较两组入手术室时(T_(1))、切皮时(T_(2))、气腹后(T_(3))、手术结束时(T_(4))的血流动力学指标;术后1 h(T_(5))、术后6 h(T_(6))、术后12 h(T_(7))、术后24 h(T_(8))的VAS、Ramsay评分;比较两组术后48 h内的镇痛泵按压次数及舒芬太尼使用总量。结果观察组T_(3)时的MAP、HR高于对照组,T_(4)时低于对照组(P<0.05)。T_(5-8)时,观察组的VAS评分低于对照组,Ramsay评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后48 h内的镇痛泵按压次数、舒芬太尼使用总量少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛能显著稳定妇科老年腹腔镜手术患者的血流动力学指标,强化镇痛、镇静效果,降低舒芬太尼使用总量。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇复合地佐辛用于腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术超前镇痛效果及对血清5羟色胺和P物质影响

目的探讨酮咯酸氨丁三醇复合地佐辛用于腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术超前镇痛效果及对血清五羟色胺(5-HT)和P物质(PS)影响。方法选取符合纳入及排除标准的行腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术的118例为研究对象,根据入院序号分为观察组和对照组两组各59例,观察组采用酮咯酸氨丁三醇复合地佐辛超前镇痛,对照组采用地佐辛超前镇痛,观察比较两组术后不同时间点镇痛效果、术前及术后不同时间点血清5-HT和PS水平以及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组术后1、3及6 h视觉模拟评分及Ramasy评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前两组5-HT及PS水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12、24及48 h 5-HT水平观察组明显低于对照组,术后48 h PS水平观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论酮咯酸氨丁三醇复合地佐辛用于腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术超前阵痛效果显著,可抑制血清5-HT及PS水平,且安全性高。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者超前镇痛的观察

目的观察酮咯酸氨丁三醇对于腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者的超前镇痛作用。方法 60例择期行LC患者随机分为T组、R组、C组3组,各20例。T组分别于切皮前30 min缓慢静脉推注酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg(0.9%氯化钠溶液稀释至10 ml),手术结束前30 min缓慢静脉推注0.9%氯化钠溶液10 ml;R组切皮前30 min缓慢静脉推注0.9%氯化钠溶液10 ml,手术结束前30 min缓慢静脉推注酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg;C组分别于切皮前30 min、手术结束前30 min缓慢静脉推注0.9%氯化钠溶液10 ml。采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)评价3组各时点的疼痛强度,采用Ramsay系统进行术后镇静评分,并观察术后的不良反应。结果在术后30 min、1 h、3 h、6 h,T组和R组的VAS均比C组的低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在其余时点,两组VAS的差异无统计学意义。而T组和R组的VAS的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后C组曲马多用量明显大于T组和R组(P<0.05)。结论酮咯酸氨丁三醇能效缓解腹腔镜手术的术后疼痛,且无明显不良反应,但在LC中超前镇痛的效果与给药时点无明显关系。     

右美托咪定联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用效果分析

目的 分析右美托咪定与酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的麻醉效果。方法 选取2018年1月－2020年1月该院行LC的患者120例,随机分为对照组（60例）和观察组（60例）。手术过程中,对照组给予酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛,观察组给予右美托咪定联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛。比较两组患者不同时间点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、镇痛评分、镇静评分、氧化应激情况及不良反应。结果 切胆时（T₂）,两组患者HR和MAP水平均明显低于术前（T₁）（P < 0.05）,观察组HR和MAP水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）;气管拔管时（T₃）,对照组HR和MAP水平明显高于T₁时点（P < 0.05）,观察组HR和MAP水平明显低于对照组（P < 0.05）。术后6 h（T₅）和12 h（T₆）,两组患者Ramsay评分均明显高于术后1 h（T₄）（P < 0.05）;T₄、T₅和T₆时点,观察组Ramsay评分明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）,数字分级评分（NRS）的动态评分明显低于对照组（P < 0.05）。T₅时点,两组患者血清丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平均明显高于T₁时点（P < 0.05）,总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）水平明显低于T₁时点（P < 0.05）,且观察组SOD和T-AOC水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）,MDA水平明显低于对照组（P < 0.05）。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P = 0.648）。结论 在酮咯酸氨丁三醇基础上辅以右美托咪定超前镇痛,有助于提高镇痛镇静效果,纠正LC患者机体血流动力学紊乱,控制机体氧化应激反应,且安全性较高。     

经阴道子宫输卵管四维超声造影联合盆腔水灌注显示输卵管伞端

目的 观察经阴道子宫输卵管四维超声造影（TVS 4D-HyCoSy）联合生理盐水灌注盆腔对于输卵管伞端的显示率、所需生理盐水量及其安全性。方法 纳入276例输卵管性不孕患者（522条输卵管），观察TVS 4D-HyCoSy及其联合生理盐水灌注盆腔对于输卵管伞端的显示率及所需生理盐水量，记录其不良反应。结果 TVS 4D-HyCoSy对于输卵管伞端的显示率为13.41%（70/522），联合盆腔灌注生理盐水后为77.78%（406/522），差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。TVS 4D-HyCoSy联合盆腔灌注生理盐水显示输卵管伞端时，最少用量为60~175 ml，中位用量为94 ml；用量为80~119 ml时，78.33%（318/406）伞端可获显示。总不良反应发生率为3.26%（9/276），未出现急性水中毒、晕厥及过敏反应等严重不良反应。结论 TVS 4D-HyCoSy联合盆腔灌注80~119 ml生理盐水可显示大部分输卵管伞端，且安全性较高。     

不同选择性环氧合酶抑制剂对瑞芬太尼麻醉后痛觉过敏的影响

目的探讨不同选择性环氧合酶抑制剂对瑞芬太尼麻醉后痛觉过敏的影响。方法选择瑞芬太尼维持的全麻下行全子宫切除术的患者60例,根据麻醉诱导前15 min用药不同分为2组,A组30例给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg,B组30例给予酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg,观察术后15、30 min的疼痛评分和术后4、8、12、24 h的疼痛评分,病人自控镇痛(PCA)按压次数、镇痛药物消耗量。结果 A组在术后15 min疼痛评分小于B组(P<0.05);术后4 h内A组的镇痛药物消耗量和PCA按压次数均少于B组(P<0.05)。结论麻醉诱导前给予帕瑞昔布钠相比酮咯酸氨丁三醇能更有效地抑制瑞芬太尼所致的痛觉过敏。     

Analgesic efficacy and safety comparison of ketorolac tromethamine and Doleron for the alleviation of orthopaedic post-operative pain

The analgesic efficacy and safety of ketorolac tromethamine (ketorolac), a potent analgesic with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, were evaluated and compared with Doleron, a combination analgesic, in 115 patients with moderate to severe orthopaedic post-operative pain. This was a randomized, double-blind (double-dummy), parallel-group comparison of a single oral dose of one capsule of 10 mg ketorolac with a single oral dose of two Doleron tablets (each tablet contained 150 mg dextropropoxyphene napsylate, 350 mg aspirin and 150 mg phenazone). During the 6 h following treatment, 80% of ketorolac treated patients and 82% of Doleron treated patients experienced adequate pain relief. There were no statistically significant differences in the overall analgesic efficacy between the treatment groups. Three patients (one on ketorolac, two on Doleron) withdrew because of adverse events (vomiting). Nausea (two patients in each treatment group), vertigo (none on ketorolac, three on Doleron) and sore throat (none on ketorolac, two on Doleron) were the only drug-related adverse events reported by more than one person in a treatment group during the trial. A total of 82% of patients given ketorolac and 76% given Doleron experienced no adverse events. A single oral dose of 10 mg ketorolac was shown to be as effective and safe as two Doleron tablets in the treatment of moderate to severe orthopaedic post-operative pain.     

Comparison of intravenous ketorolac and meperidine in the treatment of biliary colic

To compare the analgesic efficacy and tolerability of intravenous (IV) ketorolac tromethamine with IV meperidine in the treatment of biliary colic, a prospective, randomized, double blind study was carried out upon a convenience sample of patients at a large inner city facility. Patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years of age with a history and physical examination consistent with biliary colic were enrolled over a 2-year period. Patients were randomly assigned to receive ketorolac 30 mg IV or meperidine 50 mg IV. Pain was quantified using a 4-point verbal rating system (VRS) as well as a visual analog scale (VAS). Patients were queried about their pain at times 0, 12 h, 1 h, and 2 h after administration of the study medication. Adverse effects were also recorded. A total of 324 patients completed the study protocol with 175 patients receiving ketorolac and 149 receiving meperidine. Patient demographics were similar for both groups with mean age for the ketorolac group of 36.1 years and for the meperidine group of 34.6 years. Both groups were predominantly Latino and over 80% of patients in both groups were female. No significant difference in pain control was found between ketorolac and meperidine in either the VAS or VRS for any time interval studied. The mean change in the VAS at time 2 h was 6.2 cm +/- 3.6 cm for the ketorolac group, compared with 6.7 cm +/- 3.6 cm for the meperidine group (p = 0.25). Although no significant difference was found in overall drug tolerability, patients receiving meperidine reported higher incidences of nausea and of dizziness than those receiving ketorolac (p = 0.009 and 0.003, respectively). Ketorolac tromethamine is a well-tolerated, effective medication in the treatment of acute biliary colic. It showed similar efficacy to meperidine with a decreased number of adverse effects.     

视神经脊髓炎普系疾病输注脐带源间充质干细胞的安全策略与护理管理

目的 研究探讨视神经脊髓炎普系疾病(NMOSD)输注脐带源间充质干细胞(hUC-MSC)的护理与安全管理。方法 收集2019.01~2021.01期间本接受治疗的102例NMOSD患者随机抽签法分为观察组、对照组,各51例。观察组患者给予hUC-MSC输注治疗及安全管理,对照组患者给予安慰剂治疗。综合评估两组患者的临床疗效、免疫功能指标、护理满意度、生活质量评分、不良反应发生率等指标。结果 观察组总有效率为88.24%(45/51),对照组为66.67%(34/51),观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组CD3⁺、CD4⁺细胞阳性率、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值均高于对照组,而CD8⁺细胞阳性率则低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组患者生活质量各项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者护理满意度为92.16%(47/51),对照组为74.51%(38/51),观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为7.84%(4/51),对照组为23.53%(12/51),观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 视神经脊髓炎普系疾病输注脐带源间充质干细胞的治疗效果及护理效果良好,能够提高患者治疗的有效性和安全性,增强患者机体的免疫功能,改善患者的生活质量和护理满意度,可临床推荐。     

Efficacy and safety profile of ketorolac 0.5% ophthalmic solution in the prevention of surgically induced miosis during cataract surgery.

This multicenter, double-masked, randomized, parallel study compared the efficacy and safety profile of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% ophthalmic solution with that of its vehicle in the maintenance of pupillary mydriasis during cataract surgery. A total of 176 adult patients scheduled to undergo unilateral extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation received either ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% (n = 89) or vehicle (n = 87), starting 2 hours before surgery. One drop of study medication was instilled every 30 minutes for a total of 4 drops. No epinephrine was used in the intraoperative irrigating solution. Pupil diameter was measured with a caliper at 3 time points during surgery. To ensure participant safety, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, intraocular pressure, adverse events, and preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and refractive error were also monitored. The mean change in horizontal and vertical pupil diameter from the time of the first incision to after cortical irrigation and aspiration was significantly less with active ketorolac than with vehicle (P < or = 0.014). Consequently, mean pupil diameter after cortical irrigation and aspiration was significantly greater with ketorolac than with vehicle (P < or = 0.030). No significant between-group differences were observed in the change in pupil diameter between the end of surgery and postoperative administration of a miotic agent, safety variables, or occurrence of adverse events. In this study, ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% ophthalmic solution provided effective and well-tolerated inhibition of surgically induced miosis during cataract surgery.     

纳布啡联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇预处理对电视胸腔镜外科手术后急性痛觉过敏的影响

目的 观察纳布啡联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇预处理对电视胸腔镜外科手术（VATS）后急性痛觉过敏的影响。方法 选取2020年9月－2021年9月该院择期全身麻醉下行VATS肺叶切除术的Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌患者72例,随机分为对照组（C组）、纳布啡组（N组）和纳布啡联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇组（L组）,每组24例。麻醉诱导前,L组静脉注射纳布啡+酮咯酸氨丁三醇,N组静脉注射纳布啡,C组注射等量生理盐水。于术前、术后6 h、术后24 h和术后48 h时使用电子测痛仪（Von Frey）测定前臂内侧及切口周围机械痛阈值,于术后30 min、术后6 h、术后24 h和术后48 h采用数字分级评分法（NRS）评估疼痛情况,比较3组患者术后48 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量及不良反应发生情况。结果 3组患者术后6、24和48 h前臂内侧及切口周围机械痛阈值比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。3组患者术后30 min、6 h和24 h的NRS及术后48 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。N组和L组术后6、24和48 h的前臂内侧机械痛阈值及切口周围机械痛阈值均高于C组,术后30 min、6 h和24 h的NRS均低于C组,术后48 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量少于C组（P < 0.05）。L组在术后6、24和48 h的切口周围机械痛阈值高于N组,术后30 min、6 h和24 h的NRS均低于N组,术后48 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量少于N组（P < 0.05）。结论 酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合纳布啡预处理,可防治VATS术后发生的急性痛觉过敏,减轻术后疼痛,减少术后镇痛需求。