HBSP抑制缺氧复氧心肌H9C2细胞Omi/HtrA2胞内转位及细胞凋亡

目的探讨促红细胞生成素衍生肽(HBSP)对缺氧复氧心肌细胞Omi/Htr A2胞内转位及细胞凋亡的影响。方法将乳鼠心肌细胞(H9C2细胞)分为对照(Ctrl)组、缺氧复氧(H/R)组、HBSP组和EPO组。培养结束后MTS法检测细胞存活率,酶标仪检测细胞上清液中LDH释放率,Western blot检测细胞内cleaved caspase-3表达,TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡;分离H9C2细胞胞质及线粒体,Western blot分别检测线粒体及细胞质Omi/Htr A2表达。结果与Ctrl组相比,H/R组细胞存活率下降(P0.05),LDH释放、cleaved caspase-3表达、心肌细胞凋亡及Omi/Htr A2胞内转位均明显上升(P0.05);与H/R组相比,EPO组的细胞存活率升高(P0.05),LDH释放降低、cleaved caspase-3表达减弱、心肌细胞凋亡减少、Omi/Htr A2线粒体转位明显减少(P0.05);随着HBSP浓度的增加,各组细胞存活率逐渐上升,LDH释放、cleaved caspase-3表达、心肌细胞凋亡及Omi/Htr A2胞内转位率逐渐下降(P0.05)。结论 HBSP具有与EPO类似的保护作用,可抑制经H/R诱导的心肌细胞凋亡,其机制可能是通过减少Omi/Htr A2蛋白的胞内转位,抑制caspases通路激活,进而发挥细胞保护作用。     

附子多糖保护缺氧/复氧乳鼠心肌细胞及其抗内质网应激的机制研究

目的: 观察附子多糖对缺氧/复氧后心肌细胞的保护,并探讨附子多糖的保护机制是否与其抑制内质网应激反应有关。方法: 建立乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧模型,将乳鼠心肌细胞分为正常对照组、缺氧/复氧组(缺氧3 h后复氧6 h)和不同浓度附子多糖(0.1 g/L、1 g/L、10 g/L、20 g/L)+缺氧/复氧组。MTT法测定心肌细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡率,Western blotting分析葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、CCAAT增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)及caspase-12的表达,荧光定量PCR进一步检测CHOP及caspase-12 mRNA表达。结果: 缺氧复氧后,心肌细胞中内质网应激反应标志蛋白GRP78表达增加,内质网应激凋亡相关蛋白CHOP及caspase-12蛋白和mRNA表达亦明显升高。与缺氧/复氧组相比较,附子多糖预处理24 h后可以有效抑制缺氧/复氧引起的GRP78、 CHOP和caspase-12的表达上调,增加心肌细胞的存活率,抑制心肌细胞凋亡的发生。附子多糖的保护效应呈剂量依赖形式,10 g/L剂量时达到峰值。结论: 附子多糖保护缺氧/复氧后心肌细胞的可能机制与其抑制内质网应激所介导的细胞凋亡途径相关。     

缺氧后处理中CYP2J3/EETs系统对心肌凋亡的影响

目的: 观察缺血后处理中心肌细胞内源性细胞色素P450表氧化酶2J3/环氧二十碳三烯酸系统(CYP2J3/EETs)对心肌细胞凋亡的调节作用机制。方法: 取Wistar乳鼠(12-24 h)心脏做原代心肌细胞培养。实验分为7组:对照组、缺氧/复氧组、缺氧后处理组、CYP2J3转染组、空质粒组、6-(2-炔丙基氧苯基)己酸(PPOH,一种CYP2J3抑制剂)组、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶剂组。除对照组外,其它各组均进行缺氧/复氧处理。用MTT法检测心肌细胞活力,高压液相色谱法检测心肌细胞培养液中11,12-EET浓度,Western blotting检测心肌细胞中caspase-3蛋白的表达,caspase-3活性检测试剂盒检测caspase-3蛋白的活性。结果: 缺氧后处理组心肌细胞活力和11,12-EET浓度明显高于缺氧/复氧组(P<0.01),CYP2J3转染组比后处理组明显增高(P<0.01),PPOH组比后处理组明显下降(P<0.01)。后处理组caspase-3蛋白的表达及活性低于缺氧/复氧组(P<0.01),CYP2J3转染组caspase-3 蛋白表达及活性低于后处理(P<0.01),而PPOH组caspase-3蛋白表达及活性高于缺氧后处理组(P<0.01)。结论: 在缺氧后处理中CYP2J3/EETs可能通过抑制caspase-3蛋白的表达及活性来影响细胞凋亡,从而对心肌起保护作用。     

Gas6经PI3K/Akt通路对缺氧复氧诱导 H9c2细胞凋亡的影响

目的: 观察外源性重组人生长停滞特异性蛋白6(Gas6)对缺氧复氧诱导的H9c2心肌细胞系凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其与磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)通路的关系。方法: 对体外培养的H9c2细胞进行缺氧复氧(3 h/3 h),模拟大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型,将细胞随机分为4组:正常对照组(control组)、缺氧/复氧组(A/R组)、缺氧/复氧+ Gas6预处理组(A/R+Gas6组)及缺氧/复氧+ Gas6预处理+PI3K/Akt特异性阻断剂LY294002干预组(A/R+Gas6+LY294002组)。分别采用MTT法检测心肌细胞活力,生化法检测细胞中caspase-3活性水平,Annexin V/PI 双染法及流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,Western免疫印迹法检测胞内磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)蛋白含量表达情况。结果: A/R组较control组细胞活力下降,caspase-3活性、凋亡率及p-Akt水平均较control组增加(P<0.05)。但经Gas6预处理后,细胞活力及p-Akt表达水平较A/R组显著增加,caspase-3活性、凋亡率均减少(P<0.05),而Gas6的这些作用能被PI3K/Akt阻断剂抑制。结论: Gas6能减少缺氧复氧诱导的H9c2细胞凋亡,此作用机制可能是通过提高Akt磷酸化水平而激活PI3K/Akt通路实现的。     

右美托咪定对H9C2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的 观察右美托咪定对H9C2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用。方法 H9C2心肌细胞随机分为三组:正常对照组（Control）、缺氧/复氧组（H/R）、Dex（5 μmol/L）干预H/R组。Dex干预H/R组先用Dex预处理6 h后,再经缺氧/复氧处理。采用倒置显微镜观察各组H9C2心肌细胞形态的变化,检测各组细胞培养基中LDH的含量,CCK-8法检测各组H9C2心肌细胞的存活率,试剂盒检测caspase-3活性,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡并计算凋亡指数。结果 与Control组相比,H/R组细胞皱缩,大量死亡,细胞活力降低,培养基中LDH含量增加,caspase-3活性增加,细胞凋亡指数增加,统计学意义显著（P＜0.01）;Dex预处理可明显改善H/R处理后细胞形态,提高细胞活力,减少LDH含量和caspase-3活性,降低细胞凋亡指数,统计学意义显著（P＜0.01）。结论 Dex可通过减少H9C2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧引起的细胞凋亡减轻损伤。     

甘氨酸脂质体对心肌细胞线粒体膜电位及凋亡的影响

目的：观察甘氨酸脂质体对缺氧/复氧损伤心肌细胞线粒体膜电位及凋亡的影响。方法:建立培养乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(H/R)损伤模型，以DiOC6(3)为荧光分子探针检测实验各组心肌细胞线粒体膜电位；以Annexin V联合PI染色法检测实验各组心肌细胞凋亡率。结果:（1）H/R处理组心肌细胞线粒体膜电位明显低于对照组(P<0.01)，甘氨酸脂质体处理组心肌细胞线粒体膜电位降低最少，弱荧光部分细胞百分率为(9.61±0.76)%。与甘氨酸组比较有显著差异(P<0.01)。（2）H/R处理组心肌细胞凋亡率为(20.78±1.58)%，明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。甘氨酸脂质体处理组心肌细胞凋亡发生率低于甘氨酸组(P<0.01)。空白脂质体组细胞凋亡发生率与H/R组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:甘氨酸脂质体能抑制培养心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤诱导的心肌细胞线粒体膜电位下降和心肌细胞凋亡，脂质体携载甘氨酸能更好发挥其细胞保护作用。     

缺氧后处理大鼠心肌细胞线粒体膜电位和细胞凋亡的变化及MS-PPOH对其的影响

目的:观察缺氧后处理(HPO)对大鼠心肌细胞线粒体去极化和细胞凋亡的保护作用及细胞色素P450(CYP450)表氧化酶抑制剂N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide(MS-PPOH)对其的影响。方法:采用消化贴壁法分离乳鼠原代心肌细胞,采用缺氧3h、复氧2h方法复制心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(H/R)模型。随机分为四组:对照组(CON组)、H/R模型组(H/R组)、缺氧后处理组(HPO组)、HPO+MS-PPOH组。采用MTT检测心肌细胞存活率;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测心肌培养液11,12-环二十碳三烯酸(11,12-EET)水平;采用线粒体膜电位探针(JC-1)染色检测线粒体膜电位,采用Hoechst染色和TUNEL检测心肌细胞凋亡率。结果:与H/R组比较,HPO组心肌细胞存活率明显增加(P0.01),11,12-EET水平显著升高(P0.05),线粒体膜电位去极化程度明显降低(P0.01),心肌细胞凋亡率显著减少(P0.01);而加入抑制剂后的HPO组,上述指标呈现相反的变化。结论:HPO可能通过减轻心肌细胞线粒体膜电位去极化程度以及减少心肌细胞凋亡而拮抗心肌H/R损伤。     

成纤维细胞生长因子19改善缺氧/复氧心肌细胞H9c2损伤

目的:研究成纤维细胞生长因子19(FGF19)对缺氧/复氧心肌细胞H9c2损伤的改善作用。方法:将心肌细胞H9c2分为Control组(常规方法培养)、H/R组(细胞经缺氧/复氧处理)、NC+H/R组(细胞转染pcDNA 3.1后再经缺氧/复氧处理)和FGF19+H/R组(细胞转染pcDNA 3.1-FGF19后再经缺氧/复氧处理)。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和蛋白印迹(Western blot)检测各组FGF19 mRNA和蛋白表达水平,ELISA检测各组细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量和细胞中丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)、LDH、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,流式细胞术测定各组细胞凋亡,Western blot检测各组细胞中活化的半胱天冬酶-3(C-Caspase-3)、活化的半胱天冬酶-9(C-Caspase-9)蛋白表达和胞浆中细胞色素C(Cyt C)蛋白水平,JC-1法检测各组细胞线粒体膜电位变化。结果:与H/R组和NC+H/R组比较,FGF19+H/R组心肌细胞中FGF19 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P均<0.01)。H/R组与NC+H/R组心肌细胞中FGF19 mRNA和蛋白表达水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与Control组比较,H/R组细胞培养液中LDH水平升高(P<0.01),细胞中MDA和ROS水平升高(P<0.01),SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力降低(P<0.01),细胞凋亡率、C-Caspase-3、C-Caspase-9和Cyt C蛋白水平升高(P<0.01),线粒体膜电位降低(P<0.01)。与NC+H/R组比较,FGF19+H/R组细胞培养液中LDH水平降低(P<0.01),细胞中MDA和ROS水平降低(P<0.01),SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力升高(P<0.01),细胞凋亡率、C-Caspase-3、C-Caspase-9和Cyt C蛋白水平降低(P<0.01),线粒体膜电位升高(P<0.01)。结论:FGF19可能通过减少细胞凋亡和氧化损伤改善缺氧/复氧心肌细胞H9c2损伤。     

胰岛素对新生大鼠缺氧/复氧心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨胰岛素在新生大鼠缺氧/复氧心肌细胞损伤中对细胞凋亡的影响。方法:通过给原代培养乳鼠心室肌细胞行缺氧2 h/复氧4 h,建立缺氧/复氧(Anoxia/Reoxygenation)心肌细胞损伤模型。将培养心肌细胞随机分为:正常对照组(CON)、缺氧/复氧组(A/R)、缺氧/复氧+胰岛素组(I/R+INS)。于复氧4 h后,利用2,4二硝基苯肼显色法检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,硫代巴比妥酸显色法检测丙二醛(MDA)含量,原位末端标记法(TINEL)和DNA梯带法(DNA Ladder)检测细胞凋亡,并比较各组间差异。结果:与A/R组相比,A/R+INS可明显降低MDA、LDH值(P<0.01),抑制心肌细胞凋亡(P<0.01)。结论:胰岛素具有减少新生大鼠缺氧/复氧心肌细胞损伤作用,其作用机制与抑制细胞凋亡作用有关。     

羟基红花黄色素A减轻大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤

目的观察羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)对乳鼠原代心肌细胞缺氧复氧(A/R)损伤的保护作用及其与磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/糖原合成酶激酶3β(PI3K/Akt/GSK3β)信号通路的关系。方法分离大鼠的乳鼠心肌细胞,孵育48 h,待细胞贴壁后,分为:对照组(Con组)、缺氧复氧组(A/R组)、HSYA处理组(A/R+H组)、PI3K抑制剂(LY294002)处理组(A/R+L组)和HSYA+LY294002处理组(A/R+H+L)。测培养基上清液LDH;流式细胞仪检测凋亡率;Western blot检测Bcl-2、Bax、Akt、p-Akt(Ser473)、GSK3β和p-GSK3β(Ser9)的蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组比较,A/R后LDH释放量和凋亡率增加(P0.001),促凋亡蛋白Bax表达增加(P0.001),而抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、p-Akt(Ser473)、p-GSK3β(Ser9)蛋白表达减少(P0.001);HSYA处理后LDH释放量和凋亡率降低(P0.001),Bax表达减少(P0.001),而Bcl-2、p-Akt(Ser473)和p-GSK3β(Ser9)蛋白表达增加(P0.001);与A/R+H组比较,A/R+H+L组Bax表达增加(P0.001),而Bcl-2、p-Akt(Ser473)和p-GSK3β(Ser9)蛋白表达减少(P0.001)。结论 HSYA可以通过调控PI3K/Akt/GSK3β信号通路保护大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.