BaO、Li2O对钠钙硅玻璃热膨胀系数和化学稳定性的影响

研究了BaO、Li2O含量变化对Na2O-CaO-SiO2玻璃热膨胀系数、玻璃化转变温度Tg以及化学稳定性的影响.结果表明:随着BaO替代等量CaO(2％～8％,摩尔分数),玻璃的热膨胀系数从81.78×10-7 K-1增加到86.09×10-7 K-1,Tg从536.9℃降低至525.4℃,化学稳定性变化不显著;随着Li2O替代等量Na2O(1％～4％,摩尔分数),玻璃的热膨胀系数先增加后减小,Tg由536.9℃降低到493.6℃,玻璃的耐碱性降低.     

成分对烧结BAS(BaAl2Si2O8)凝胶玻璃形成的影响

采用XRD、SEM和拉曼光谱研究了溶胶一凝胶法制备的接近钡长石化学计量成分的Ba0．Al2O3-SiO2系烧结玻璃形成趋势。结果表明，在本实验条件下，SiO2含量高和BaO／Al2O3比值大，有助于形成玻璃。BaO／SiO2比值大，形成[AlO4]四配位结构的A12O3含量高。BaO／Al2O3与[AlO4]／Al^3 的关系近似线性关系。建立了一个烧结BAS凝胶玻璃形成的判别式，计算了在实验成分范围内，玻璃形成区与析晶区的边界线。根据判别式得到的计算结果与实验结果相符。     

在铅硅酸盐玻璃中,被选择的高浓度阳离子引起的光吸收和着色

对于Na_2O·3SiO_2·2PbO系统、Na_2O·3SiO·2Pb0:1wt％Sb_2O_3系统和Na_2O·3SiO_2系统,通过比较被阳离子所引起的光吸收的方法研究了杂质对燧石玻璃颜色的影响;当纯度很高时这三种玻璃全是无色的。11种着色剂中,唯独钒对两种铅玻璃着色不如钠硅玻璃强烈。造成铅玻璃较易被着色的     

镀膜浮法玻璃的风化性能

采用人工加速风化的方法研究了镀有SiO2薄膜的浮法玻璃的风化性能,并与相同风化条件下的浮法玻璃原片的表面状态进行了比对,从风化机理上进行了分析。红外反射光谱和扫描电镜分析结果表明,镀有SiO2薄膜的浮法玻璃和未镀膜玻璃随着风化温度和风化时间的增加,均呈现风化现象逐渐加重的现象。但前者风化程度明显低于后者,尤其当风化条件(70℃,75%RH,风化15d)恶劣时,镀膜玻璃表面只出现了小块斑点和红外光谱的略微变化;而未镀膜玻璃表面则出现大面积的侵蚀斑块,在红外谱图上不仅≡Si—O—Si≡特征峰发生位移,而且出现了C?O的特征峰。说明SiO2膜层能够很好地阻挡玻璃表面Na+与空气中H+、H3O+的交换,有效地抑制玻璃表面风化的发生。     

Na20-- A1203 -- SiO2微晶玻璃体系熔体结构的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了7种组分的Na20-- A1203 -- SiO2体系微晶玻璃熔体结构,分析了体系的径向分布函数、键长分布和键角分布,得出了不同含量Na＋对Na20-- A1203 -- SiO2体系玻璃网络结构的影响。     

浅述B2O3在玻璃瓶组成中的作用

目前大部分实用玻璃都属于钠钙硅为基础的玻璃,例如：瓶罐玻璃、器皿玻璃、保温瓶玻璃等,为了进一步改善玻璃的性能,在钠钙硅成分的基础上可以加入Al2O3、B2O3在玻璃中出现“硼-铝反常”现象,当Na2O／B2O3-1的时候,通过Na2O提供的游离氧,由硼氧三角体（BO3）转变为B2O3和SiO2形成均匀一致的玻璃骨架创造了条件,使得折射率、密度、硬度、     

Tm3+掺杂Bi2O3-SiO2-PbO玻璃的～2μm发光光谱性质

用高温熔融法制备了Tm2O3摩尔掺杂浓度分别为0.1%、0.25%、0.5%、0.75%和1%的33Bi2O3-50SiO2-17PbO玻璃。采用DSC方法对该种玻璃的析晶性能进行研究,发现其Tx–Tg为138℃,说明该玻璃抗析晶性能良好。基于其吸收光谱,采用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Tm3+离子的J-O参数和部分激发态能级的跃迁几率、荧光寿命和分支比等光谱参量。分析3F4能级寿命随掺杂浓度变化关系,发现产生自淬灭的临界浓度为3.54×1020ions/cm3。用McCumber理论计算在33Bi2O3-50SiO2-17PbO玻璃中Tm3+离子3F4→3H6能级跃迁的吸收截面和发射截面,最大吸收截面和最大受激发射截面分别为3.7×10-21和7.2×10-21cm2。研究结果表明33Bi2O3-50SiO2-17PbO玻璃具有较好的光谱性质,是一种实现~2μm激光的较理想玻璃基质。     

添加氧化物对Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷析晶性能的影响

采用恒温场晶粒定向晶化工艺制备了Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷，在组成1．2BaO—1．0TiO2—2．6SiO2的基础玻璃中，分别加入0．2CaO和0．1ZrO2，研究了添加不同的氧化物对Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷析晶性能的影响。实验结果表明，加入CaO和ZrO2都会影响主晶相的析出过程，特别是加入ZrO2造成玻璃陶瓷中产生BaZrSi3O9第二相。此外，压电性能测试显示，加入0．2CaO有利于BTS晶体的定向析晶；加入ZrO2不利于BTS晶体的定向析晶。     

SnO—BaO—P2O5系统无铅封接玻璃的结构与性质

以SnO—BaO—P2O5三元系统玻璃为研究对象,利用差示量热扫描分析仪、热膨胀仪、拉曼光谱仪,分析了玻璃的结构以及玻璃转变温度和热膨胀系数与玻璃组成的关系．获得了该体系玻璃的形成区域,测得该系统的玻璃转变温度为260～360℃和热膨胀系数为12～14×10^-6℃．研究发现,当P2O5=45mol％不变时,玻璃转变温度随着SnO含量的增加而降低;当BaO=10mol％不变时,玻璃转变温度随着SnO含量的增加先降低后升高．研究表明,该体系玻璃可以作为低温环保封接玻璃潜在的基质材料．     

硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃多孔支架的制备

Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3系硼硅酸盐生物玻璃是一类具有良好生物活性和降解性能的组织工程材料.本研究中,采用有机泡沫浸渍法,乙醇作溶剂,乙基纤维素作添加剂,将硼硅酸盐玻璃粉体制备成具有三维连通网状结构的组织工程多孔支架.通过调节浆料的固相含量和乙基纤维素含量,改善坯体的涂覆量,在支架孔径为300～500um,孔隙率高于80%时,使支架抗压强度从0.03MPa提高到0.36MPa.根据蜂窝状结构模型分析,发现采用高强度玻璃,优化浆料是改善多孔材料结构和力学性能的有效途径.用该模型理论指导,由Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3系统制成的另一种硼硅酸盐玻璃支架,其抗压强度可达5～8MPa.实验表明有机泡沫浸渍法在制备组织工程支架中有广泛的应用前景.     

Models for organics removal from vinasse from ethanol production

Global ethanol production generates almost 100 billion liters per year of a high-strength liquid waste called vinasse. One sustainable method of treating vinasse using environmental biotechnology is anaerobic digestion, which generates biogas that can be used as a renewable energy resource. Although a number of models have been developed for predicting biogas generation rates, no previous study has modeled liquid organic removal rates for vinasse treatment. The goal of this research was thus to develop models for predicting liquid-phase organic removal rates for anaerobic treatment of vinasse. 6-L laboratory-scale batch reactors were filled with vinasse of six different compositions and operated at three different mesophilic temperatures (30, 35, 40 °C). Biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD) were measured over time using Standard Methods 5210B and 5220C. Based on data collected, multiple linear regression equations (R² = 0.79 and 0.94) were developed to predict first-order rate constants k_BOD and k_COD as functions of temperature and vinasse composition (initial values of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, and sulfur). The first-order models developed require a small number of readily available input parameters. They apply to treatment of vinasse from ethanol produced from corn and milo; future work can test their applicability to ethanol produced from other feedstocks. The models can be used for sizing/design of reactors for anaerobic treatment of vinasse.     

Electroluminescence from silicon nanoparticles fabricated from the gas phase

Electroluminescence from as-prepared silicon nanoparticles, fabricated by gas phase synthesis, is demonstrated. The particles are embedded between an n-doped GaAs substrate and a semitransparent indium tin oxide top electrode. The total electroluminescence intensity of the Si nanoparticles is more than a factor of three higher than the corresponding signal from the epitaxial III-V semiconductor. This, together with the low threshold voltage for electroluminescence, shows the good optical properties of these untreated particles and the efficient electrical injection into the device. Impact ionization by electrons emitted from the top electrode is identified as the origin of the electrically driven light emission.     

Enhanced photoluminescence from polycrystalline ZnO films resulting from oxygen processing

We report studies of photoluminescence from polycrystalline ZnO films deposited on sapphire as a function of the in situ oxygen pressure during growth and ex situ annealing. The ultraviolet photoluminescence was observed to increase by more than two orders of magnitude as a result of the annealing treatment. Enhanced cathodoluminescence was observed from the same films. The role of oxygen defects is discussed.     

大自然给予的启发——木材仿生科学刍议

本文有针对性地列举了自然界某些生物体所固有的智能行为和独特的自然属性;由自然现象给予的启发,阐述了构建木材仿生科学的理论基础;提出了依据生物学原理和现代技术,赋予木材奇异功能或创生新型复合材料的发展空间。     

Lessons from Vitruvius

Vitruvius's Ten Books on Architecture was in regular use as a design manual for over 1500 years. This paper argues for a reinterpretation of Vitruvius in terms of design method. On this view, the study of Vitruvius and his historical influence still has important lessons for the theory of types and for the construction of design heuristics.