辛伐他汀对高脂血症肾损害大鼠的保护作用

目的:观察高脂血症肾损害大鼠应用辛伐他汀治疗后肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)和丙二醛(MDA)的变化,以探讨辛伐他汀对高脂血症肾损害大鼠的保护作用。方法:将30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂模型组和辛伐他汀治疗组[2.5mg/(kg·d)],每组10只,观察12周。实验中监测各组大鼠血脂、尿N乙酰βD氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)及24小时尿蛋白排泄量(UPE)等变化,并观察血、尿和肾组织中TNFα以及血、肾组织MDA含量的改变。结果:辛伐他汀治疗组血脂水平较高脂模型组明显降低(P<0.01);UPE、尿NAG的排出明显减少(P<0.01);尿及肾组织TNFα水平以及肾组织MDA含量亦明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:辛伐他汀除明显降脂作用外,还能显著降低TNFα和MDA的水平,TNFα和MDA的变化可能是其保护高脂血症肾损害的重要机制之一。     

辛伐他汀保护高脂血症肾损害大鼠机制探讨

目的探讨辛伐他汀对高脂血症大鼠肾损害的保护机制。方法实验包括正常对照组、高脂血症模型组和辛伐他汀10mg/(kg.d)治疗组,12周后检测三组大鼠的血脂变化及观察尿蛋白水平,外周血及肾皮质NO浓度。结果高脂血症组尿蛋白明显高于正常对照组,血清及肾组织NO水平低于正常对照组。辛伐他汀治疗组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)显著低于高脂血症组,且尿蛋白也显著低于高脂血症组,血清及肾组织NO含量高于高脂血症组。结论辛伐他汀在调脂的同时,促进NO的生成,降低尿蛋白。NO的增加可能是辛伐他汀保护高脂血症肾损害的重要机制之一。     

高脂血症肾损害大鼠体内辅脂酶的变化

目的观察高脂血症大鼠血脂、尿蛋白、血肌酐,以及血清和肾皮质辅脂酶浓度及辛伐他汀治疗后的影响,探讨辅脂酶在高脂血症大鼠肾损害中可能的作用机制。方法将30只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂血症模型组和辛伐他汀(10mg·kg-1d-1)治疗组,每组10只,12周后检测三组大鼠的血脂、血肌酐、24h尿蛋白水平以及血清和肾皮质辅脂酶浓度。结果高脂血症组尿蛋白明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),肾组织辅脂酶水平低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。辛伐他汀治疗组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、24h尿蛋白定量显著低于高脂血症组(P<0.01),血清及肾组织colipase含量高于高脂血症组。结论辅脂酶可能参与了高脂血症肾损害的发生,辛伐他汀可能通过调节辅脂酶水平来保护高脂血症肾损害。     

缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠血、尿及肾组织一氧化氮、内皮素水平的影响

目的：研究缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠血、尿及肾组织一氧化氮、内皮素水平的影响,探讨缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及其作用机制。方法：将40只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,正常对照组(A组)8只．糖尿病对照组(B组)16只．糖尿病缬沙坦治疗组(C组)16只。腹腔注射链脲佐菌素制备糖尿病大鼠模型,缬沙坦组每日以缬沙坦24mg/kg灌胃治疗84d后。测定大鼠的肾重／体重、血肌酐、肾小球平均体积、尿白蛋白排泄率、β2微球蛋白排泄率,以及血浆、尿液及肾组织内皮素(ET)含量。测定血清、尿液、肾组织一氧化氮(NO)代谢产物二氧化氮(NO2)、三氧化氮(NO3)含量,各组问结果进行比较。结果：治疗84d后测得B组大鼠肾重／体重、肌酐清除率(Ccr)、肾小球平均体积、尿白蛋白排泄率、β2微球蛋白排泄率均高于A组。C组大鼠各指标均低于B组高于A组。B组血、尿、肾组织NO2,NO3水平均明显高于A组,且B组尿、肾组织NO2、NO3含量与尿白蛋白排泄率、Ccr、平均肾小球体积呈正相关。C组NO2、NO3含量均明显低于B组但仍高于A组。B组尿、肾组织ET水平明显高于A组,且与尿白蛋白排泄率、Ccr、平均肾小球体积呈明显正相关,C组尿及肾组织ET水平均低于B组．但其肾组织ET水平仍高于A组。结论：缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾小球具有保护作用。可能是因阻碍了血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)与Ⅰ型受体结合,阻断AngⅡ对NO合成及ET释放的促进作用。抑制了肾组织局部NO、ET水平。     

大黄酸治疗大鼠糖尿病肾病的实验研究

目的观察大黄酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏损害的治疗作用及其对糖尿病大鼠尿、肾脏中内皮素的含量的影响.方法采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导大鼠糖尿病模型,观察12周时肾脏损害和尿、肾脏组织内皮素(ET)的变化,以及经大黄酸(70 mg/kg)治疗后的变化.结果糖尿病大鼠12周时肾质量/体质量(RW/BW)降低,肾小球平均面积(MGPA)和肾小球平均体积(MGV)增大,内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白排泄量(UPE)明显升高(P<0.01).肾组织ET含量、24 h尿ET排泄量(UET)显著升高(P<0.01).经大黄酸治疗的糖尿病大鼠肾质量/体质量、MGPA、MGV降低,Ccr、BUN、UPE减少,UET和肾组织ET含量降低.结论大黄酸能改善糖尿病大鼠肾脏功能,这可能与减少肾脏ET的生成有关.     

肠抑素与高脂血症大鼠肾损害关系的研究

目的 探讨肠抑素与高脂血症大鼠肾损害的关系以及辛伐他汀对高脂血症肾损害的可能保护机制.方法 实验分为3组,正常对照组、高脂血症模型组和辛伐他汀(10 mg/kg·d))治疗组,12周后检测3组大鼠的血脂、血肌酐、24 h尿蛋白水平,以及血清和肾皮质肠抑素浓度.结果 高脂血症组大鼠尿蛋白明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),血清和肾皮质肠抑素水平低于正常对照组(P＜0.05).辛伐他汀治疗组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、24小时尿蛋白定量显著低于高脂血症组(P＜0.01),血清和肾皮质肠抑素含量高于高脂血症组(P＜0.05).结论 辛伐他汀在调脂的同时,还能显著增加血清肠抑素水平,肠押素水平的降低可能参与了高脂血症肾损害的发生、发展.     

一氧化氮在肥胖大鼠中的变化及其与肾脏损害的关系

目的探讨一氧化氮（NO）在肥胖大鼠中的变化及其与肾脏损伤的关系。方法将16只健康雄性Wistar 大鼠随机分成对照组（n=8）及肥胖组（n=8）,分别给予普通饮食及高脂饮食。喂养20周后处死全部大鼠,观察两组大鼠体重指数（Lee指数）、左肾指数、血总胆固醇（TCH）、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL C)、血糖(Glu)、24?h尿蛋白定量(UPE)及内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）的变化;测定两组大鼠血、肾组织匀浆NO含量以及尿NO代谢产物排泄量（UNOxV）;同时观察两组大鼠肾组织形态学改变,并计算肾小球平均截面积。结果肥胖组大鼠Lee指数、左肾指数、血TCH、TG、LDL C、UPE及Ccr均高于对照组（P<0.01）;HDL C、血、肾组织匀浆NO水平及UNOxV均低于对照组（P<0.01）。肥胖组大鼠肾小球存在系膜细胞增生,球囊粘连,间质小动脉内膜增生、部分透明变性,肾小球平均截面积明显增大（P<0.01）。血、肾组织NO水平与TG、TCH、LDL C、UPE、Ccr、肾小球平均截面积呈负相关（r分别为-0.869?4,-0.788?1;-0.795?4,-0.783?5;-0.918?2,-0.873?0;-0.894?0,-0.903?5;-0.612?2,-0.553?5;-0.641?1,-0.599?6）,而与HDL C及UNOxV呈正相关（r分别为0.934?9,0.930?7;0.855?7,0.822?1）。结论肥胖大鼠存在明显的血管、微血管内皮功能障碍以及肾脏损害,前者与脂代谢紊乱有关,后者可能与肥胖大鼠体内NO降低有关。UNOxV的测定作为一种无创伤性的检测指标可间接了解肥胖大鼠体内NO的水平。     

电针丰隆穴对高脂血症大鼠血脂及血浆内皮素的影响

目的探讨电针丰隆穴对高脂血症大鼠血脂和血浆内皮素(ET)的影响。方法将80只W istar大鼠随机分为4组,正常组(普通饲料)、模型组(高脂饲料喂养以复制大鼠高脂血症模型)、电针治疗组(即模型组加电针丰隆穴);西药治疗组(即模型组加普伐他汀钠灌胃)。30d后称各组大鼠体重,并检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)以及ET含量的变化。结果电针治疗组、西药治疗组大鼠体重与模型组比较,明显减轻(P<0.01);两组均可显著降低TC、TG、LDL-C水平(P<0.01),西药治疗组可显著升高HDL-C水平(P<0.01);西药治疗组与电针治疗组均可明显降低ET水平,与模型组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论电针对高脂血症大鼠体重、TC、TG、LDL-C具有较好的良性调节作用,而对HDL-C调节作用有限,可在一定程度上降低ET水平。     

次致死量X线照射对阿霉素肾病大鼠抗氧化功能的影响

目的 :研究次致死量X线照射对阿霉素肾病 (AIN)大鼠抗氧化功能的影响。方法 :将实验大鼠分为 4组 ,即正常组(C)、阿霉素组 (ADR)、次致死量X线照射组 (XI)和XI加ADR组 (XI/ADR) ,观察各组大鼠外周血白细胞计数 (WBC)和尿蛋白排泄量 (UPE) ,并采用生化方法检测丙二醛 (MDA)和一氧化氮 (NO)含量。结果 :XI后大鼠外周血WBC明显降低 ,XI/ADR组UPE明显低于ADR组 (P <0 .0 1) ;同时 ,此组大鼠血浆、尿、肾组织匀浆、腹腔巨噬细胞 (PM)和肾小球MDA水平 ,以及血浆、肾小球和PM上清液中NO水平均明显低于ADR组 (P <0 .0 5～P <0 .0 1)。结论 :XI可减轻AIN大鼠肾损害 ,其作用机制可能在于白细胞减少后 ,使得全身和局部氧自由基产生减少 ,脂质过氧化程度减轻。     

还原型谷胱甘肽对糖尿病大鼠肾组织糖基化及转化生长因子β1表达的影响

目的观察还原型谷胱甘肽及盐酸氨基胍对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾组织非酶糖化及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响,以发现更为有效的防治糖尿病肾病及减少终末期肾病发病率的方法。方法应用链脲佐菌素建立大鼠糖尿病模型,随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病对照组(DM组)、氨基胍治疗组(DM AG组)、还原型谷胱甘肽治疗组(DM GLUT组)、氨基胍 还原型谷胱甘肽治疗组(DM AG GLUT组)。第8周留取双侧肾脏,应用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫组织化学等方法研究5组大鼠肾脏TGF-β1mRNA及蛋白质表达、肾皮质糖基化终末产物(AGEs)含量、24 h尿白蛋白、肾组织学形态,测定肾重/体重比值、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血肌酐水平,计算肌酐清除率。结果(1)与正常对照组相比,各组糖尿病大鼠TGF-β1mRNA表达明显上调(P<0.01);肾皮质匀浆及血清TGF-β1蛋白量均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01);肾皮质匀浆脂相、蛋白质相荧光值即AGEs含量均明显增高(P<0.01);血糖、糖化血红蛋白、尿白蛋白排泄量、内生肌酐清除率及肾重/体重比值均明显增高(P<0.01);(2)与DM组相比,DM AG组、DM GLUT组及DM AG GLUT 3组TGF-β1mRNA表达增加被明显逆转(P<0.05或P<0.01);肾皮质匀浆及血清TGF-β1蛋白量均明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);AGEs含量均明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);尿白蛋白排泄量、内生肌酐清除率及肾重/体重均明显降低(P<0.01);(3)PAS、PAM、Masson染色显示:DM组肾小球可见轻度系膜增殖,未见系膜细胞增生、局灶节段性硬化及肾小球基底膜(GBM)增厚;正常对照组、DM AG组、DM GLUT组、DM AG GLUT组肾小球无明显异常。结论还原型谷胱甘肽及盐酸氨基胍可以减轻糖尿病大鼠肾组织的非酶糖化过程,并减轻肾小球肥大及肾肥大,延缓其肾病发展,对糖尿病肾脏具有保护作用,二者对肾脏的保护作用至少部分与抑制TGF-β1在肾脏的过度表达有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.