铝/钢固态焊接合界面金属间化合物生长机制

在保持固态条件下,分别变化加热温度、时间对铝/Q235钢爆炸焊接头进行加热处理.分析了接合界面区反应层形貌等微观特征,探讨了加热温度、加热时间对反应层厚度的影响,研究了接合界面金属间化合物的生长行为.界面反应物是由靠近铝合金侧的反应物为Fe₄Al₁₃和靠近钢侧反应物为Fe₂Al₅构成.金属间化合物层随着加热时间的延长而变厚.结果表明,金属间化合物的生长满足抛物线法则,其生长激活能为33.26 kJ/mol.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的铝/钢熔钎焊界面金属间化合物层生长分析

针对铝/钢熔钎焊界面金属间化合物在SEM,EDS,XRD界面测试研究的基础上,确立了界面由Fe₂Al₅、FeAl₃等金属间化合物组成. 在此基础上采用蒙特卡罗方法,建立了铝/钢界面铝、铁扩散及Al-Fe化合物生长模型,并进行了数值分析和对比研究. 结果表明,所建立的模型能够很好地反映钢侧Fe₂Al₅的生长,铝侧FeAl₃离散存在,且金属间化合物层的厚度接近试验测量结果.     

Zn对钢-铝轧制界面组织与性能的影响

采用界面预置5%(质量分数,%)的Zn粉,冷轧复合成功制备出界面结合良好的钢-铝复合材料。通过XRD、SEM对复合材料界面形貌、界面物相及物相析出规律进行研究,利用自制滑轮剥离装置对界面剥离强度进行了测试。结果表明：钢-铝复合界面只生成Fe₂Al₅金属间化合物相,界面结合处预置Zn粉可延缓或减少Fe₂Al₅相生成,使生成Fe₂Al₅相的温度向高温推移。当热处理温度超过350 ℃后,界面预置Zn粉能显著提高钢-铝复合界面结合强度。     

铜对钢/铝激光-MIG复合焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用激光-MIG复合焊方法研究了铜对SYG960E超高强度度钢/6061铝合金焊接接头微观组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,与MIG焊相比,激光-MIG复合焊有利于改善焊缝成形及焊接质量.钢/铝界面层具有双层结构,靠近铝焊缝侧为针状的FeAl₃金属间化合物,而靠近钢母材侧为条状的Fe₂Al₅金属间化合物.铜对钢/铝界面层及接头的力学性能具有显著的影响.添加铜后可以有效地减小界面层厚度和裂纹敏感性,降低钢/铝接头的最高硬度,明显提高接头的抗拉强度,接头强度可以提高110%,这主要与铜抑制界面层生长和改善界面层中Fe-Al金属化合物的脆硬性有关.     

退火温度对铜铝复合板界面相演化及性能的影响

采用冷轧复合法制备铜铝复合板,研究退火温度对复合界面金属间化合物的演化及性能的影响。利用电子探针(EPMA)观察复合界面结构,结合EDS、XRD分析界面物相成分,通过剥离测试和室温拉伸试验表征复合板的结合性能。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,复合界面扩散层增厚,依次生成CuAl₂、Cu₉Al₄和CuAl 3种金属间化合物。CuAl₂和CuAl相的生成破坏了界面结合,导致剥离强度显著下降。在300 ℃及以上温度退火时,复合板发生回复和再结晶软化,其整体拉伸性能优异。综合考虑拉伸性能及剥离强度,冷轧复合法制备铜铝复合板的最佳退火温度为300 ℃。     

铝/钢异种金属火焰钎焊接头组织和性能

通过扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法研究了火焰钎焊时Zn-xAl钎料的润湿性能、铝/钢钎焊接头界面显微组织、金属间化合物层以及接头抗剪强度.结果表明,Zn-xAl钎料配合改性CsF-RbF-AlF₃钎剂,可以有效地去除母材表面氧化膜,从而提高钎焊接头力学性能.随着Al元素含量增加,钎料铺展性和填缝性随之提高,但是钎焊接头强度先升后降,Al元素含量为15%时,钎焊接头力学性能最佳.钎焊接头显微组织分析结果表明,金属间化合物主要为Fe₄Al₁₃相. Zn-xAl钎料中Al元素含量较低时,界面层由富锌相和Fe₄Al₁₃相组成.随着Al元素含量的增加,在Zn-25Al钎焊接头界面出现第二层金属间化合物Fe₂Al₅相.     

铝钢电磁脉冲焊接界面特性及金属粒子分布分析

为明确铝/钢电磁脉冲焊接过程金属粒子运动对界面连接性能的影响，基于金属粒子流形成机理，对界面形貌及抗剪强度进行分析.结果表明，金属粒子滞留界面造成铝局部熔化，钢粒子原位生成FeAl，形成未结合区；沿着焊接方向，分射流对铝板压入作用逐渐增大，形成冶金结合的界面，并伴有富铝金属间相，直缝区为FeAl+Fe₂Al₅，小波区为Fe₂Al₅+FeAl₃，大波区为FeAl+FeAl₃；铝钢焊接界面过渡区由塑变铝压入钢形成，铝侧焊缝的外边缘存在钢粒子，而钢侧焊缝存在熔融铝携带钢粒子，主要为FeAl+Fe₂Al₅+FeAl₃，且在焊缝内侧滞留了大量金属粒子，并以椭圆环的形式分布，在焊缝外侧，金属粒子滞落铝板表面造成凹坑，但在钢板表面为嵌入的片状铝；因此，在金属粒子滞留，并产生较多金属间化合物的位置成为剪切试验断裂源；通过波长公式调整搭接间隙，减少粒子滞留界面，椭圆焊缝断裂于铝材，提高了接头强度.     

焊接热输入对铝/镀锌钢CMT熔-钎焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用ER4043焊丝对5052铝/Q235镀锌钢进行CMT熔-钎焊,研究焊接热输入对接头组织及性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝熔宽、热影响区粗化程度、界面层硬度及厚度均随热输入的增加而增大,过热组织粗化导致拉伸试样在铝母材热影响区断裂.熔焊区组织主要为垂直于基底向焊缝中心生长的α-Al树枝晶及Al-Si共晶组织,钎焊区界面层厚度在2.55~6.86μm之间,铝侧界面主要为FeAl₃金属间化合物,呈凹凸不平锯齿状;钢侧界面平滑,主要为Fe₂Al₅(热输入较低时)或FeAl₂,FeAl(热输入较高时).     

退火态CFR镁/铝复合板界面形貌与力学性能研究

通过对波-平轧制镁/铝复合板进行退火处理,研究了退火温度和退火时间对镁/铝复合板界面微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明, 200℃/30 min退火平直镁/铝复合板新结合界面生成薄的Mg₁₇Al₁₂相扩散层,这可以促进界面冶金结合,提升界面结合强度。当250℃/30 min退火时,新结合界面迅速扩展,进一步形成由Mg₁₇Al₁₂相和Mg₂Al₃相共同构成的IMCs层。当退火温度升高到300℃时,界面整体形成连续分布的IMCs层,退火温度越高或退火时间越长, IMCs层厚度越大。高温退火处理时,强塑性变形可以加速波谷位置界面原子间的扩散,导致同种化合物波谷位置的生长激活能小于波峰位置,从而造成波谷扩散层厚度大于波峰。退火态镁/铝复合板弯曲测试后,界面无分层、基体无脱落。随着退化温度的升高,平直镁/铝复合板高温拉伸抗拉强度下降,而断裂伸长率增加。     

冷轧铝-钢复合板的退火工艺

对55%变形条件下冷轧复合4A60铝/08Al钢复合带材进行退火处理,研究退火温度对钢层再结晶行为和铝-钢界面结合强度的影响。结果表明：退火温度为600 ℃保温60 min,钢层发生完全再结晶;退火温度为400~600 ℃,保温60 min,铝-钢复合板界面结合强度达到最大值9 N/mm,当保温时间为60 min,温度高于610 ℃时,铝-钢界面处产生脆性化合物,结合强度急剧降低至2.7 N/mm。确定55%变形条件下铝-钢复合板最佳退火工艺为600 ℃保温60 min。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.