《化学实验室安全与环保手册》

本书针对高校教学和科研实验室的具体情况,着重从化学实验室的规范化管理和安全意识建立角度,从实验室安全的一般知识入手,系统地介绍了可能危及人员安全的易燃、易爆、有毒或有污染的物质及相关设备的安全使用方法;给出废弃物的处理原则与方法;推荐紧急事故的应急处置措施;并探讨实验室的信息化管理与信息安全保护方法。     

加州大学圣迭戈分校的化学实验室安全管理与启示*

结合我国大学化学实验室的安全管理现状,介绍了加州大学圣迭戈分校化学实验室的安全管理经验,包括实验室安全管理制度、实验室准入、安全意识养成、安全巡查、试剂存放、危险品操作、废弃物处理以及实验室布局等方面。为国内高校的化学实验室安全管理提供借鉴。     

借鉴美国主流高校EHS体系建设我国的实验室安全文化

以美国化学类专业排名前30的高等院校的环境安全与健康管理体系(Environment,HealthSafety,简写为EHS)为研究对象,进行了信息的收集、分析与整合,从中总结出美国高校EHS管理体系的6个特点;进一步介绍了美国高校EHS管理体系架构的确立与运作。结合目前我国高校实验室安全管理存在的主要问题,提出了建设、发展和丰富我国高校的实验室安全文化是当前最基础性的建设任务之一,以期引起高校管理部门对安全问题的真正重视并落实到行动中。     

高校危险废弃物管理信息化网络建设的探索

利用先进的网络技术将高校危险废弃物的管理形成有效的闭环,减少化学教学及研究活动对环境的危害,通过对实验室危险废弃物的动态监控,初步掌握各实验室教学及科研工作产生的危险废弃物的情况,从而给出安全环保的合理化建议,促进高校实验室亟待解决的环境保护和安全工作。     

实验室管理中的人本管理

以忻州师范学院化学实验室为例,介绍了实验室管理中的人本管理.     

关于高校实验室化学废物的处置现状及其改进的思考

随着国家对高等教育和科研投入的增加,高校和科研院所在教学和科研水平方面得到极大的提升,但同时实验室化学废物量呈现爆炸式增长,由此带来的安全隐患和污染代价也同比例增加,已成为目前困扰高校发展的巨大难题。实验室化学废物社会处置能力的缺失或不足以及相关法律法规的不健全是制约这一问题解决的根本。本文结合国内实验室化学废物现状、境外实验室化学废物处置可资借鉴的经验,从科研实验室化学废物处置相关法律法规入手,提出一系列有关制度建设方案及危废处理方案的思考,为实验室化学废物处理建言献策。     

有机分子荧光光谱中的AIE和ACQ现象

基础化学实验室主要开设基础类、大面积通识课程,开课对象以非化学专业、低年级本科生为主。基础化学实验室在实践教学活动过程中往往涉及危险化学试剂以及高温、高压等危险操作,加之新形势下大类招生不断扩大,基础类课程教学任务与日俱增,基础化学实验室的安全运行管理面临的挑战更加严峻。以西安交通大学基础化学实验室为例,介绍了我校基础化学实验室现状及在安全运行与管理方面存在的问题和解决对策,为同类型化学实验室的安全运行与管理提供借鉴与参考。     

电子废弃物中金元素的绿色溶解与提取

电子废弃物中含有Au、Pt、Pd、Ag等多种贵重金属,其处理处置的无害化、资源化成为目前一项重要课题。本文通过使用安全的试剂来溶解金,从而达到从含金废弃物中回收金的目的,说明利用配体与金形成配合物从而有效降低溶金电极电势的化学原理。普及科学原理,树立科学理念。介绍电子废弃物处置的常识,普及绿色化学的观念,避免新的污染与危险,树立环境保护的观念。     

“6S”在高校基础化学教学实验室细化管理中的灵活应用

主要介绍"6S管理"在厦门大学基础化学教学实验室内部细化管理过程中的应用实践与效果,特别是实验环境、物品定位管理、试剂管理、仪器管理等方面的具体做法,为高校化学教学实验室的建设和有效管理提供适应面广、操作性强的可借鉴经验。     

加强精细化管理 促进实验教学质量提高

实验室的日常管理水平直接反映了高校实验室管理的水平,也潜移默化地影响着实验教学的质量。为做好化学国家级实验教学示范中心的可持续性发展,详细介绍了吉林大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心在人员、设备、材料、环境和操作规程等精细化管理过程中所做的有别于其他学校的工作以及取得的良好效果,为实验室管理细节创新和促进实验教学质量提高积累了宝贵的经验。     

化学化工虚拟仿真实验教学中心建设与实践

为了有效解决化学化工类实验教学无法或者难以实现的教学过程问题,组建了黑龙江大学化学化工虚拟仿真实验教学中心,搭建了辅助虚拟实验教学和管理于一体的开放共享的虚拟仿真信息化网络平台,设计开发了系列化工、制药、仪器类虚拟仿真实验教学项目,开展理论课+线下实验课+虚拟仿真实验+慕课四维课程体系建设,期望提升本科一流专业和拔尖人才试验班建设以及本科人才培养,为提高学校本科教学质量提供有力的保障。     

化学形态分析软件CHEMSPEC及其应用

放射性核素在地质层中的吸附和迁移行为与其所处的化学形态密切相关．为了预测在处置库受损情况下放射性核素的时间和空间分布,需要建立化学形态分析与水力学计算相耦合的数学模型及计算软件．为此,我们编写了化学形态分析软件CHEMSPEC．本文在简要介绍该软件的原理和程序结构后,着重介绍该程序为防止质量平衡方程组迭代求解过程的发散所采取的措施,提出用“预报－校正法”处理沉淀－溶解平衡的算法,以及用“冻结”和“解冻”氧化态的策略处理包含氧化还原反应和沉淀反应的化学平衡的计算．本文用4个典型例子说明CHEMSPE在现阶段能解决些什么问题．最后讨论了存在的问题和尚待完成的工作．     

大一学生化学实验室安全基础知识调查研究*

为考察大一学生化学实验室安全基础知识,对天津理工大学化学化工学院大一学生警示标识、危险化学品性质、废弃物处理及意外处置等安全知识进行问卷调查。结果表明:60.4%的学生将易燃标识与氧化剂标识混淆;在危险化学品性质和酸/碱撒漏处理方面有待加强。基于以上结果,在后续安全教育过程中,普及GHS标识及MSDS,对相关知识进行针对性的查漏补缺;充分利用线上资源,弥补线下教育因时间有限、容量有限导致的不足。     

Chemical speciation code CHEMSPEC and its applications

The adsorption and migration behavior of a radionuclide in geological media heavily depends on its chemical forms in a given chemical environment. In order to predict the temporal and spatial distribution of radionuclides around a disposal site when its canister is damaged, it is necessary to develop coupled chemical speciation-solute transport models and relevant software. For that reason, we wrote a new chemical speciation program CHEMSPEC. In this paper, the principles and structure of CHEMSPEC are briefly described, and the strategy and algorithms that were used in this code are interpreted in some detail, such as the measures adopted to prevent divergence in iteratively solving the mass balance equations, the “predictor-corrector” algorithm for calculation of the number and quantities of solid species formed, and the alternate use of “freezing” and “defreezing” oxidation states in handling of co-existent redox and precipitation equilibria. Four examples are given to illustrate CHEMSPEC’s features and capabilities.     

Trace elements in a profile of the unsaturated zone of the São Paulo Basin

This study comprises Tertiary sediments (clays, silts, and fine clayey sands) from the unsaturated zone of the Experimental Station in the University of São Paulo, taken from a nine meters depth profile; ten samples were separated in bulk and <53 m fractions. Chemical composition was determined by INAA to ascertain the distribution of trace elements throughout the sediment deposition, and to establish the background parameters, useful for mobilization studies of such elements after industrial waste disposal.     

Computer Animation: A new method for teaching,communication, and representation of knowledge about reactions in heterocyclic chemistry

We propose the use of computer animation techniques for representation of knowledge about organic reactions, in particular as applied to syntheses and transformations of heterocycles. We discuss general questions of the methodology of chemical animation as a new method of communication via electronic journals and an effective teaching method. We illustrate the technical and methodological means allowing us to solve the resulting problems, using as an example the operation of a specific program.M. V. Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119899. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1141–1145, August, 1995. Original article submitted July 28, 1995.     

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of polymersomes

A DPD model of PEO-based block copolymer vesicles in water is developed by introducing a new density based coarse graining and by using experimental data for interfacial tension. Simulated as a membrane patch, the DPD model is in excellent agreement with experimental data for both the area expansion modulus and the scaling of hydrophobic core thickness with molecular weight. Rupture simulations of polymer vesicles, or "polymersomes", are presented to illustrate the system sizes feasible with DPD. The results should provide guidance for theoretical derivations of scaling laws and also illustrate how spherical polymer vesicles might be studied in simulation.     

A new quality control material for marine environmental analysis

The implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) and of the sediment-quality criteria related to the potential disposal of dredged materials is expected to involve a substantial increase in the number of chemical analyses performed in marine environmental control laboratories. The chemical characterization of sediments (metals, elemental composition, etc.) and the potential release of metals under changing environmental conditions are relevant when dealing with risk assessment. The present paper describes the preparation of a quality control material (QCM) harbor sediment carried out in a specifically equipped laboratory at the University of Barcelona. The results of homogeneity and stability studies for total metal content (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), extractable metal following the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure (BCR-SEP), and total carbon content show the suitability of QCM for multi-parameter routine quality control (QC) in marine environmental laboratories.     

化学品安全知识与应急科普宣传研究

Based on the theme of "chemical awareness and safety accident response capability", this paper conducts a questionnaire survey for college students. In response to the survey results, scientific, popular, and novel offline activities/online publicity will be used to popularize chemical basics, relevant laws and regulations, and chemical safety accident emergency response methods for university students. The aim is to improve the level of understanding of various types of chemicals among college students. In the event of sudden chemical safety incidents, corrective measures can be taken, and useful information can be accurately identified after a chemical accident.