原油超声处理的太赫兹时域光谱分析

基于太赫兹时域光谱技术研究了经过超声处理的两种原油在0.1～1.4 THz波段的光学性质,得到了样品的吸收谱和折射率谱发现经过不同时间超声作用的原油,其太赫兹光谱曲线变化显著,说明样品的结构组成分子在能级共振位置上,均出现了不同的吸收和折射特性.太赫兹时域光谱可作为波形分析技术为原油超声处理时超声强度、频率、作用时间等参数的选择提供理论依据.     

低温条件下汽车发动机润滑油的太赫兹时域光谱研究

采用太赫兹时域光谱技术研究润滑油的低温性能。在自建的透射式太赫兹时域光谱系统上,检测几种润滑油在-40~0 ℃间的太赫兹时域谱,并通过对太赫兹时域谱的处理得到润滑油的吸收系数和折射率。结果表明,低温导致润滑油中烃类物质结晶析出,使得润滑油黏度增大并且丧失流动性;温度降低对润滑油的影响在太赫兹时域光谱图中表现为时间延迟增大,温度与时间延迟表现出一定规律性;温度降低导致润滑油折射率增大,吸收系数增大,折射率与温度变化也呈现出相关性。研究证明太赫兹时域光谱技术能十分有效地检测温度变化对润滑油的影响,可用于研究润滑油的低温性能。     

基于太赫兹时域光谱的汽车发动机油低温性能研究

采用太赫兹时域光谱技术研究润滑油的低温性能。在自建的透射式太赫兹时域光谱系统上,检测几种润滑油在-40~0℃间的太赫兹时域谱,并通过对太赫兹时域谱的处理得到润滑油的吸收系数和折射率。结果表明,低温导致润滑油中烃类物质结晶析出,使得润滑油黏度增大并且丧失流动性;温度降低对润滑油的影响在太赫兹时域光谱图中表现为时间延迟增大,温度与时间延迟表现出一定规律性;温度降低导致润滑油折射率增大,吸收系数增大,折射率与温度变化也呈现出相关性。研究证明太赫兹时域光谱技术能十分有效地检测温度变化对润滑油的影响,可用于研究润滑油的低温性能。     

几种加氢裂化催化剂的太赫兹光谱研究

采用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)方法,本文研究了几种Y型加氢裂化催化剂(NaY、ReY、USY和HY)在0.2-1.2THz频段的光谱特性.与此同时,对其中的NaY分子筛进行了加热处理,测量了其经过不同温度处理后的太赫兹时域光谱.通过快速傅里叶变换,分别得到了不同种类和不同温度处理后催化剂的太赫兹吸收谱和折射率谱.研究结果表明,太赫兹时域光谱技术既能用于催化剂的种类鉴别和性能表征,又能给出不同温度下催化剂本身内部结构变化对应的太赫兹光谱响应.本研究工作的展开,证明了太赫兹方法用于催化剂性质表征的可行性,对太赫兹技术在催化领域的应用具有一定的指导意义.     

太赫兹光谱和成像技术在毒品识别和检测方面的应用

介绍了太赫兹时域光谱和成像技术在毒品识别和检测中的应用研究结果;主要报道了利用太赫兹时域光谱技术对隐藏在信封中的毒品的识别,并对粉末状毒品与片状毒品的太赫兹吸收光谱进行了比较;在理论模拟方面,利用密度泛函理论对毒品振动光谱进行了计算;同时应用太赫兹成像技术对毒品进行了识别.研究结果充分表明太赫兹电磁波在毒品检测和缉毒工作中的有效性.     

用太赫兹时域光谱技术对防虫防蛀剂进行质量检测

太赫兹时域光谱技术可以分辨化合物结构上的微小差异并应用于物质检测与分析,为有机化工产品的鉴别及更宽有效光谱区的测试提供了新的实验方法。本文运用太赫兹时域光谱技术研究了樟脑、对二氯苯和萘三种防虫防蛀剂在太赫兹波段的光学特性。在室温氮气环境中,得到了樟脑、对二氟笨和萘在0．2-2．5THz波段的折射率和吸收谱,样品在此波段的折射率和吸收谱存在显著差异。对二氟苯和萘都有毒性。实验表明,用太赫兹时域光谱技术可以清楚地分辨出三种防虫防蛀剂以及其混合物的折射率和吸收谱的差异,通过判断特征谱线的差异从而判断此种防虫防蛀剂的毒性,此法简单,快速,准确。     

双层样本中界面对太赫兹时域光谱的影响研究

针对多层样本中界面对太赫兹时域光谱的影响问题,利用太赫兹时域光谱测试了由不同粒径制成的单、双层沙粒压片,获得了单、双层压片样本的太赫兹时域谱。结果表明,双层样本的单位厚度太赫兹峰值衰减系数明显小于单层样本的单位厚度衰减系数。因此,在研究双层样品太赫兹光谱响应时应添加某个系数以消除由样品的界面反射影响,且该系数与材料的特性有关。     

基于太赫兹光谱技术的抗生素类药物检测研究

本文利用太赫兹时域光谱技术在室温下对几种在临床和人们日常生活中常用的抗生素类药物阿莫西林、青霉素钠、头孢氢氨苄和头孢拉丁进行了光谱测量,获得了四种物质在0.2-1.7THz波段的吸收谱和折射谱,发现这四种抗生素类药物在太赫兹波段均存在明显的特征吸收峰,可作为其在太赫兹波段的指纹谱用于药物分子识别。本研究表明,太赫兹时域光谱技术在常用抗生素类药物的物质鉴别及药品质量检查方面有着广泛的应用前景。     

甲醇气体的太赫兹时域波谱研究

为了探究甲醇气体在太赫兹波段的共振特性,利用太赫兹时域光谱对甲醇气体进行了测量,得到了其时域波形,观测到了自由感应衰变这一现象。根据朗博-比尔定律对气体吸收谱的计算得到转动谱线间隔,并对自由感应衰变这一现象进行了深入的解释,这些结果对于太赫兹波段的气体检测、分析和识别具有参考价值。     

固化剂及其固化物的太赫兹光谱分析

太赫兹时域光谱技术可以分辨化合物结构上的微小差异并应用于物质检测与分析,为物质的鉴别及更宽有效光谱区的测试提供了新的实验方法。本文采用太赫兹时域光谱（THz-TDS）技术,在室温氮气环境下对固化剂及其固化产物进行了光谱测试,获得了样品在0.2-2.5THz波段的时域光谱,并通过计算得到固化剂及其固化物的吸收谱及折射率谱。实验结果表明,固化剂和固化物在THz范围内敏感,可以根据各自在THz波段的特征光谱得以区分。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.