碱激发锰渣矿渣胶凝材料的力学性能及水化过程研究

利用基于水玻璃形成的复合碱组分SN和少量硅酸盐水泥共同激发锰渣-矿渣体系,制备出碱激发胶凝材料,并对该胶凝材料的力学性能及水化过程进行了探讨。结果表明:水化3～7d内是该碱激发胶凝材料中锰渣与矿渣的适应性由劣向好转变的关键。水化初期(3d前),随着矿渣替代锰渣量增加,碱激发胶凝材料中生成水化产物的程度变慢,抗压强度降低;水化7d后,碱激发锰渣-矿渣胶凝材料中随着矿渣替代量的增加,石英(SiO2)被剥蚀解体量增多,体系的溶解-聚合程度逐渐提高,水化产物逐渐增多,化学结合水量逐渐增大,抗压强度逐渐提高。     

碱矿渣胶凝材料复合激发剂的研究

通过单用水玻璃作为碱矿渣胶凝材料激发剂和采用“水玻璃—碳酸钾—氢氧化钠”复合激发剂对碱矿渣胶凝材料激发的一系列对比试验研究可知,复合激发剂具有良好激发效果。介绍以磨细水淬高炉矿渣配合该复合激发剂的试验应用后,能使碱矿渣胶凝材料激发时限良好,凝结时间灵活可调,力学性能相应得到提高等。     

矿渣复合胶凝材料固化滨海盐渍土的试验研究

采用矿渣复合胶凝材料为固化剂固化(滨海)盐渍土.通过抗压强度试验、水稳性试验、可溶性离子含量测定试验、SEM分析试验、EDS能谱分析试验和XRD分析试验,测试了矿渣复合胶凝材料固化盐渍土(固化土)的无侧限抗压强度、水稳性和可溶性离子含量,观察了固化土的微观形貌,分析了固化土水化产物的组成,探讨了矿渣复合胶凝材料固化剂对盐渍土的固化机理.结果表明:固化土28,90d无侧限抗压强度较大,水稳性较强,能满足一般工程地基固化处理的要求.由于盐渍土中可溶性Cl-和SO2-4参与了矿渣复合胶凝材料的水化反应,并生成了新的水化产物片状晶体和针棒状晶体(3CaO·Al2O3·(0.5CaCl2·0.5CaSO4)·12H2O),因此固化土可溶性Cl-和SO2-4含量较低,无侧限抗压强度较大,水稳性较强.     

双电层对碱矿渣胶凝材料氯离子传输的影响

描述了碱矿渣胶凝材料固液界面的双电层特性，测试分析了不同氯离子浓度及表面活性剂掺量下的Zeta电位，阐明了双电层效应对氯离子扩散和吸附的影响机理.结果表明：碱矿渣胶凝材料的Zeta电位为负值，随着氯离子浓度的增大Zeta电位绝对值减小；阳离子表面活性剂可使碱矿渣胶凝材料的Zeta电位转为正值，并提高氯离子吸附能力，减小有效氯离子扩散系数，而阴离子表面活性剂效果相反；碱矿渣胶凝材料孔隙表面双电层效应的改变可使氯离子吸附能力改变50%以上.     

矿物掺合料对碱矿渣粉燥灰胶凝材料改性研究

研究沸石粉和偏高岭土2种矿物掺合料对固态碱矿渣粉煤灰胶凝材料的改性效果.结果表明,偏高岭土对碱矿渣粉煤灰胶凝材料的抗压强度具有明显增强效果,但降低了抗折强度:沸石粉对抗压强度和抗折强度均有增强作用;作为碱矿渣粉煤灰胶凝材料的活性掺合料,沸石粉优于偏高岭土,具有进一步研究的价值:偏高岭土和沸石粉在碱矿渣粉煤灰胶凝材料中发挥的强度优势不及矿渣粉煤灰混合料明显.     

碱激发矿渣-钢渣复合胶凝体系的性能研究

以氢氧化钠和水玻璃为激发剂制备矿渣-钢渣复合胶凝材料,研究矿渣掺量、碱当量和水玻璃模数对复合胶凝材料抗压强度的影响,并采用XRD、SEM对硬化试样的显微形貌和水化产物组成进行了分析。结果表明：随矿渣掺量减少,抗压强度降低。随碱当量的增加,抗压强度先提高后降低,碱当量为11%时强度达到最高。随水玻璃模数的增大,抗压强度先提高后降低,当水玻璃模数为1.2时强度达到最高。水化产物主要为CaCO3、C-S-H凝胶、C-A-S-H凝胶、托贝莫来石及RO惰性相。     

矿渣碱激发胶凝材料固化盐渍土试验研究

为解决盐渍土路基铺设存在的溶陷、变形等问题,采用矿渣碱激发胶凝材料固化的方法对盐渍土的综合性能进行优化。通过击实试验和无侧限抗压强度试验研究了矿渣碱激发胶凝材料对盐渍土抗压强度的影响,并利用XRD和SEM分析了试样的物相组成和微观形貌。结果表明,矿渣碱激发胶凝材料固化盐渍土效果显著,掺入适量矿渣碱激发胶凝材料盐渍土的抗压强度和水稳定性显著改善,反应产物中C-S-H凝胶相含量明显增多,形成了结构稳定的胶凝-网状混合结构。水化反应生成了新的水化产物片状晶体和针棒状晶体,形成了C-S-H凝胶相和钙矾石的结构。     

碳酸钙晶须对碱矿渣胶凝材料的减缩增强作用

针对碱矿渣胶凝材料易收缩开裂等问题,采用一种新型微米级纤维——碳酸钙晶须对碱矿渣胶凝材料进行减缩增强,研究了碳酸钙晶须掺量对碱矿渣胶凝材料流变性能、抗压强度和干燥收缩的影响,并探究其显微增强机理.结果表明：微米级碳酸钙晶须的掺入对碱矿渣胶凝材料流动性影响较小,当碳酸钙晶须掺量为3%时,其新拌浆体塑性黏度为12.33 Pa·s,较未掺碳酸钙晶须的对照组仅增长14.48%,其硬化浆体28 d抗压强度可达105.8 MPa;碱矿渣胶凝材料的干燥收缩率随着碳酸钙晶须掺量的增加而降低,当碳酸钙晶须掺量为5%时,其28 d干燥收缩率仅有0.87%,较未掺碳酸钙晶须的对照组降低32.56%;碳酸钙晶须与基体紧密结合,在基体受力破坏时分散其所受应力,提升了碱矿渣胶凝材料的力学性能;碳酸钙晶须在体系内部的桥接作用能够有效延缓碱矿渣胶凝材料微裂纹的形成与扩展,在一定程度上遏制了宏观裂纹的发展.     

辅助胶凝材料对碱矿渣混凝土限制膨胀率的影响

采用混凝土长度测试试验研究了碱矿渣混凝土的限制膨胀率,分析了辅助胶凝材料种类、掺量、碱组分及水灰比对混凝土限制膨胀率的影响。结果表明:膨胀剂掺量在6%~10%内,碱矿渣混凝土的限制膨胀率随掺量提高而增大;水玻璃为激发剂时碱矿渣混凝土的限制膨胀率较激发剂为NaOH时小,且限制膨胀率随模数及碱当量的增大而减小;当水灰比在0.37~0.45的范围内增长时,掺加明矾石膨胀剂A的碱矿渣混凝土限制膨胀率减小,掺加辅助胶凝材料M时限制膨胀率增大。     

碱矿渣水泥砂浆抗碳化性能研究

研究了碱当量(以氧化钠当量计)、水胶比和胶砂比对碱矿渣水泥砂浆抗碳化性能的影响,并与硅酸盐水泥砂浆进行了对比试验。结果表明:在相同水胶比条件下,碱矿渣水泥砂浆比硅酸盐水泥砂浆更易碳化,且水胶比越大,胶砂比越小,碳化越严重。在3%～6%范围内,随着碱当量的增加,碱矿渣水泥砂浆的碳化程度减小。扩展度相当时,水玻璃为碱组分的碱矿渣水泥砂浆的抗碳化能力强于硅酸盐水泥砂浆。     

硅藻土/竹炭复合材料的制备及孔结构表征

本研究以竹炭为主要原料,添加硅藻土,以硅铝复合物为粘结剂,经粘结造粒、表面包覆改性、高温煅烧等工艺,制备了一种新型硅藻土/竹炭复合材料。采用氮吸附法对其孔结构进行表征,结果表明,BET比表面积为142.563m2/g,总孔容为0.156cm3/g,相比竹炭,比表面积有所降低,但总孔容却提高了43.12%,意味着吸附容量增大了;孔隙分布也较合理,微孔率、介孔率和大孔率分别为44.23%、32.05%和23.72%,克服了硅藻土和竹炭孔径分布过窄的缺点。由此表明在竹炭中添加硅藻土制备介孔率高、孔径分布均匀、吸附容量大的吸附材料是一种可行的方法。     

Properties of sintered low calcium bottom ash aggregate with clay binders

This paper focuses on the properties of sintered aggregates with low calcium bottom ash from coal fired thermal power plants using a wide range of clay binders through pelletization process. The experimental runs were designed using central composite design of response surface methodology. The aggregate was produced using a disc pelletizer. The pelletized aggregate was sintered at 800–1100 °C for 30–120 min. Sintered aggregates were tested for bulk density, 10% fines value and water absorption. The factors involved in the process are moisture content, binder, Ca(OH)₂ dosage, sintering temperature and duration. It was observed that an increase in binder dosage and sintering temperature resulted in aggregates with higher 10% fines value and low water absorption. The properties of aggregates depended on the type of binder used. Aggregate with kaolinite and metakaolin binders resulted in high 10% fines value. The results indicate the potential for manufacturing high quality lightweight aggregate from bottom ash using clay binders.     

Effects of aging on the properties of modified asphalt binder with flame retardants

Effects of aging on the properties of asphalt binders modified by incorporating Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene (SBS) and flame retardants (FR) were studied. Asphalt binders were artificially aged in the rolling thin film oven (RTFOT) and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV). The flame retardancy of modified asphalt binders were characterized using limited oxygen index (LOI), and the effects of aging on the properties of asphalt binders were studied using Brookfield viscometer test and dynamic shear rheometer test. Experimental results indicated that the flame retardancy of asphalt binder was increased after aging. But the increasing amount of LOI is low when the modified asphalt binder containing more flame retardants. The variation of the LOI, softening point, penetration, ductility and viscosity of asphalt binder decreased with flame retardant content increasing, meaning the flame retardants can improve the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of asphalt binder. Furthermore, the G^*/sin δ, stiffness and m-value of flame retardant modified asphalt binders display smaller changes after two different aging.     

无缝伸缩缝沥青胶结料高温性能指标区分评价

为优选无缝伸缩缝沥青胶结料类型,提高无缝伸缩缝弹塑体高温稳定性,对选用的3种无缝伸缩缝沥青胶结料分别开展沥青基本性能试验、动态剪切温度扫描试验和多应力蠕变恢复试验,采用软化点、车辙因子与相位角,以及蠕变恢复率和不可恢复蠕变柔度等指标来评价3种无缝伸缩缝沥青胶结料的高温性能,并进行一致性和区分度分析,最后结合沥青混合料车辙试验进行验证.试验结果表明:受弹塑体中沥青胶结料聚合物掺量高及其高延迟弹性恢复能力的影响,国内外现行关于无缝伸缩缝沥青胶结料规范采用的软化点、车辙因子等指标对无缝伸缩缝沥青胶结料高温性能评价的一致性存在偏差,而基于多应力蠕变恢复试验的黏弹特性指标具有较好的一致性,且区分度明显.因此推荐采用区分度和一致性更可靠的多应力蠕变恢复试验作为评价无缝伸缩缝沥青胶结料高温性能的关键控制指标.     

有机物污染场地浅层异位固化稳定化试验研究

以某化工企业有机物污染浅层土为对象,应用4种固化药剂进行固化稳定化修复对比研究。通过现场异位固化稳定化结合室内无侧限抗压强度、毒性浸出等试验,讨论了固化剂组份、龄期对其物理力学性质和浸出特性影响,并对比分析了其固化稳定化效果及机理。结果表明:随着养护时间增长,修复土p H值、毒性浸出溶液的有机物浓度降低,其中pH值由0 d的12.76~13.11降至28 d时的12.11~12.69,而有机物浸出浓度14d降幅在65%~100%间;干密度及无侧限抗压强度qu则稳步提高,其中干密度28 d增幅达14.4%~23.2%,而强度最大增加到122 k Pa。固化剂3和4修复污染土干密度较大,28 d密度超过1.37 g/cm~3,密实作用明显;添加固化剂会立即显著增大污染土pH值,其中固化剂4(电石渣+凹凸棒土)各龄期pH值明显大于其他剂型;各固化剂对不同有机污染物的稳定效果有所差别,但均能有效固化稳定化苯胺、2-氯酚、萘、苯、甲苯、邻-二甲苯;就污染物总体固化稳定化效果而言,含活性炭组分的固化剂1效果最为突出,其总稳定率接近100%;含水泥组分的固化剂2,3对土体的增强作用较好,其28 d强度可达109 k Pa以上。相较其他药剂,固化剂4在成本、能耗及污染物排放方面表现最优,且能较好满足场地修复对有机物稳定率及强度的要求,综合效果最佳,为优选的最佳剂型。     

Lime-cement stabilisation of Trondheim clays and its impact on carbon dioxide emissions

Dry deep mixing is used throughout Norway to improve soft and sensitive clays. Traditionally, binders such as lime and cement have been used in combination with relatively high binder contents. The production of lime and cement causes large emissions of carbon dioxide, and it is therefore desirable to reduce the binder contents in engineering practice. This paper presents results from a comprehensive study of various lime-based binders, with the aim to improve the understanding of the engineering properties of such stabilised clays when using reduced binder contents. Results from analyses on pH, plasticity and mineralogy are presented, and it is concluded that fine-grained quartz particles exhibit relatively high pozzolanic properties giving a considerable strength development over time, also with low binder contents. A novel correction of the binder content has been used, based on the active CaO of the binders. This correction gives remarkably consistent results between the water-binder ratio and the strength development. These results have also enabled estimations of carbon dioxide emissions as a function of binder type and strength development. It is concluded that the type of lime-based binder has little influence on the carbon dioxide emissions per unit strength for binder contents higher than 30–40 kg/m³. For lower binder contents, there is a tendency that binders with low active CaO-content give lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit strength, however, these low binder contents are difficult to obtain in field applications.     

沥青胶浆疲劳特性研究

已有研究发现,SHRP规范中的沥青疲劳因子G.sinδ不能通用于衡量沥青的疲劳性能,因而提出采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)时间扫描实验来评价沥青的疲劳性能。但最近的研究表明,时间扫描实验中由于DSR转子与沥青粘结不牢造成的"假性疲劳"易与沥青的"真性疲劳"混淆,因而不能准确地评价沥青的的疲劳响应。该文引入一种新的方法成型样品,避免了DSR转子与沥青的界面破环造成的"假性疲劳"问题,来评价沥青真实的疲劳性能。重点考察了时间扫描实验中采用这种新的样品来评价改性沥青的疲劳性能的合理性。分析了影响沥青真实的疲劳性能的温度、频率、应力水平、老化等各种因素,建立了评价沥青疲劳寿命的模型。     

Modeling viscosity behavior of crumb rubber modified binders

Accurately predicting the viscous properties of crumb rubber modified (CRM) binders has proven difficult, especially as these properties tend to vary with changing crumb rubber concentrations and temperatures. This study explores the utilization of the statistical regression and neural network (NN) approaches in predicting the viscosity values of CRM binder at various temperatures (135 °C and greater). A total of 53 CRM binder combinations were prepared from two different rubber types (ambient and cryogenic), three different binder sources, four rubber concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%), and five crumb rubber gradations (ADOT, SCDOT, 0.18 mm, 0.425 mm, and 0.85 mm). The results indicated that the regression model is easy to use and can be used for viscosity prediction, similarly NN-based models also provided accurate for predictions for the viscosity values of CRM binders regardless of rubber type and can easily be implemented in a spreadsheet. In addition, the developed NN model can be used to predict viscosity values of other types of CRM binders efficiently. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of input variables indicated that the changes of viscosity are significant as the changes of asphalt binder grade, test temperature, and rubber content. The results also show that these three independent variables are the most important factors in the developed NN models in comparison with other variables.     

Investigation of effects of Cocamide Diethanolamide chemical on physical and rheological properties of bituminous binder

In this study, bituminous binder was modified with Cocamide Diethanolamide chemical, a non-ionic surfactant, and the physical and rheological properties of modified binders were investigated. In addition, Cocamide Diethanolamide has been used for the first time to modify bituminous binder, and this situation makes the study distinctive. Bituminous binder was modified more than once with the chemical by changing modification parameters and using certain additive ratios (1%, 3%, and 5%). The effects of different modification parameters and chemical additive on modified samples were investigated with conventional bitumen tests (softening point, penetration, ductility) and Superpave tests (rotational viscometer, rolling thin film oven test, pressure aging vessel, dynamic shear rheometer, bending beam rheometer). In addition, the structural characteristics of the reference binder and modified samples were examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The examinations showed that Cocamide Diethanolamide softens bituminous binder and lowers processing temperatures. In addition, compared to reference binder, rutting resistances of modified bituminous binders decreased with the increase of additive ratio. However, modification with Cocamide Diethanolamide increased the resistance to fatigue cracks and thermal cracks.     

道路基层复合胶凝材料的性能调控

研究了熟料钢渣粉煤灰磷石膏系道路基层复合胶凝材料的凝结时间、胶砂强度和膨胀性能的调控,分析了其缓凝微膨胀机理.结果表明：磷石膏中的可溶性杂质会与Ca2+和OH-反应,生成难溶物覆盖在胶凝材料颗粒表面,显著延长凝结时间,磷石膏掺量每增加3%,即可延长凝结时间约65min;大掺量磷石膏可为浆体提供充足的SO2-4,保证钙矾石的大量稳定生成,使硬化浆体产生微膨胀;过量磷石膏亦会造成过大的膨胀,破坏硬化浆体结构,通过加入适量钢渣取代粉煤灰,可以促进复合胶凝材料的早期水化,优化孔结构,明显提高道路基层复合胶凝材料的性能.