嵌入式Linux中NAND Flash设备驱动研究

NAND Flash作为一种非易失性的存储介质,它具有速度快、体积小、存储密度高和容量大等优点,适用于大量数据的存储,因此在嵌入式领域中的应用也越来越广泛。分析了MTD(内存技术设备)与NAND Flash驱动的关系,总结了典型的NAND Flash驱动程序的总体架构。针对PXA270RP平台,设计和实现了嵌入式Linux下的NAND Flash驱动程序。为编写基于嵌入式Linux系统下的NAND Flash设备驱动程序提供了技术指导。     

基于地址映射的NAND Flash控制器设计

针对嵌入式数据采集系统对NAND Flash进行读写控制时出现的坏块问题和磨损失衡问题,对数据采集系统的工作特点进行分析,借鉴闪存转换层的思想,提出了一种基于地址映射的NAND Flash控制方法,通过建立、维护、查询NAND Flash存储块逻辑地址与物理地址之间的映射关系表,实现NAND Flash的坏块管理和磨损均衡功能,同时介绍了使用地址映射方法的NAND Flash控制器设计过程;仿真测试和实际应用结果表明,基于地址映射方法设计的NAND Flash控制器能够识别、管理出厂坏块和突发坏块,均衡存储块的磨损,提高嵌入式数据采集系统的可靠性;该方法实现过程简单,无需移植文件系统,硬件资源要求低,为嵌入式数据采集系统中NAND Flash的读写控制提供了新的思路。     

嵌入式设备NAND Flash存储系统的设计与实现

为了实现一种嵌入式设备存储系统的解决方案,对嵌入式设备广泛采用的大容量存储设备NAND Flash进行了深入的研究.设计了一种嵌入式设备中NAND Flash存储系统的解决方案,介绍了其功能用途和系统结构,分层介绍了系统的具体设计,重点介绍了比较独特的块设备驱动层和FTL层的设计方法以及对驱动初始化的优化.通过实际设计NAND Flash存储系统Linux驱动,说明了该系统设计实际应用时的出色效果.     

基于NAND Flash启动的U-Boot设计与实现

介绍了S3C2410微处理器与NAND Flash的接口电路,分析了从NAND Flash启动的引导加载程序U-Boot的设计思路,并重点阐述了从NAND Flash启动的程序设计,重新编写了U-Boot的重定位代码,实现了U-Boot从NAND Flash的启动.通过串口终端的打印信息证明U-Boot成功从NAND Flash中启动,整个嵌入式系统运行良好.     

基于NAND Flash的FFS设计与实现

NAND Flash以其大容量低价格等优势迅速成为嵌入式系统存储的新宠,因此研究其上的文件系统也日益重要。本文先分析了：NAND Flash上FFS的功能结构,然后给出了一个在无OS支持的嵌入式系统中,可与Windows文件系统完全兼容的FFS的设计和实现方案。     

U-Boot在s3c2410上的移植及功能扩展

考虑到Bootloader在嵌入式系统开发及产品升级方面的重要性及近年来NAND Flash闪存在嵌入式系统应用中的广泛性,提出了U-Boot从NAND Flash闪存设备启动的方法.详细地介绍了U-Boot源码结构及其启动流程,并分析了NAND Flash闪存工作原理及操作方法,实现了U-Boot从NAND Flash闪存启动以及U-Boot以命令行形式操作NAND Flash的功能.最后,实验结果表明了U-Boot在s3c2410处理器上成功的移植.     

基于ARM的引导加载技术的研究与实现

为了减小嵌入式系统的体积和价格,对嵌入式中两种主要的闪存：NOR Flash and NAND Flash进行了研究。由于NOR Flash存在布线多、成本高、存储容量小、擦写速度慢等缺点,根据嵌入式系统可裁减可移植的特点,在对ARM处理器的启动方式进行分析和比较的基础上,裁掉NOR Flash芯片,仅用NAND Flash芯片引导和启动系统。并着重阐述了采用有效的存储结构提供可靠的坏块管理机制,采用多级引导方式,实现基于NAND Flash的引导。从而节省NOR Flash芯片,降低了成本。     

支持Yaffs2文件系统的U-Boot的实现

为了在大容量NAND Flash存储器中运行Yaffs2(yet another flash file system)文件系统,分析了Yaffs2文件系统的结构、原理、性能和嵌入式系统中启动代码U-Boot的功能.在此基础上对U-Boot进行了改进.实现了在嵌入式系统的开发过程中用U-Boot向大容量NAND Flash中写入Yaffs2文件系统,并将其成功应用在正在开发的嵌入式手持设备中,从而可以方便地使用大容量的NAND Flash存储器.     

基于NAND Flash的转译层的设计

基于NAND Flash的嵌入式存储系统以其轻巧便携、读写速度快等特点成为当前嵌入式存储系统的主流配置.但由于固有坏块以及在擦、写过程中随机产生的坏块影响了NAND Flash的实际应用,所设计的NAND Flash的驱动转译层具有坏块管理机制并实现上层文件系统的连续读写功能.     

基于NAND Flash的CPU安全启动设计与实现

NAND Flash存储器以其容量大、成本低和速度快的优势,在嵌入式系统中得到广泛的应用。但是,由于NAND Flash固有的器件特性,必须要有驱动才能对其进行读写,存储于其上的代码不能直接执行,因此其并不适合作为系统启动代码的存储介质。一般采用NOR Flash存储启动代码并直接执行,然后再引导存储于NAND Flash中的操作系统镜像,这增大了系统成本和功耗。设计并实现了一种基于NAND Flash的CPU安全启动方法。该方法首先通过软硬件结合的方式,在片内NAND Flash控制器中增加块映射表结构,并由NAND Flash中第1块空间存储的代码进行好块寻找和块映射表填写,使NAND Flash的一部分存储空间可以直接映射为硬件可访问的内存空间,从而使得NAND Flash可以作为系统启动的存储介质,实现仅需NAND Flash存储的系统。还提出了一种扩展BootROM的方案,结合NAND Flash地址映射结构,将片内BootROM的一部分扩展到NAND Flash的第1块存储空间中,并通过Hash比对验证BootROM,从而有效降低了片内BootROM的设计复杂度,减少了代码量。通过提出的方法,可以有效地实现单NAND Flash系统的安全启动,降低了系统成本,提高了系统的安全特性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.