Profiling EGFR in Triple Negative Breast Tumor Using Affibody PET Imaging

Objective Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC) represents a group of refractory breast cancers with aggressive clinical manifestations as well as poor prognoses.Human epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) expression is strongly associated with TNBC progression and it may serve as a therapeutic target for TNBC.We aimed to evaluate EGFR affibody-based PET imaging to profile EGFR expression in small animal models.Methods 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid(DOTA) conjugated Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 was chemically synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesizer and then radiolabeled with 64Cu.The in vitro cell uptake study was performed using SUM159 and MCF7 cells.The biodistribution and small animal PET imaging using 64Cu-DOTA-ZEGFR:1907 were further carried out with nude mice bearing subcutaneous MDA-MB-231 and SUM159 tumors.Results DOTA-Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 was successfully synthesized and radiolabeled with 64Cu.Biodistribution study showed that tumor uptake value of 64Cu-DOTA-Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 remained at(4.07±0.93)％ID/g at 24 h in nude mice(n=4) bearing SUM159 xenografts.Furthermore,small animal PET imaging study clearly showed that 64Cu-DOTA-Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 specifically delineated the EGFR positive TNBC tumors at 4 h or later.Conclusion The study demonstrates that 64Cu-DOTA-Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 is a promising molecular probe for PET imaging of EGFR positive TNBC.EGFR based small protein scaffold holds great promise as a novel platform that can be used for EGFR profiling of TNBC.     

Effect of Amifostine on Patients with Lung Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy or Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective Amifostine is clinically used as a chemical radioprotector. Nevertheless, its efficacy as a radioprotector remains controversial. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the references of the published results of trials on the efficacy of amifostine in patients with lung cancer and who received radiotherapy or concomitant chemoradiotherapy were searched. The pooled radiation protection efficacy, treatment response, and side effects of amifostine were calculated using RevMan software. Results Twelve randomized controlled trials involving 1000 patients with lung cancer were ultimately analyzed. Results of meta-analysis revealed that the use of amifostine reduced the risk of acute esophageal toxicity(RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39-0.81; P=0.002) and pulmonary toxicity(RR, 0.42;95% CI, 0.25-0.70;P=0.001). Subgroup analysis also demonstrated that the risk of acute esophageal toxicity and pulmonary toxicity significantly reduced in patients who received chemoradiation concurrent with amifostine or radiation only. Pooled data showed that the use of amifostine did not significantly decrease the risk of late pulmonary toxicity(RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.45-1.19; P=0.210). Moreover, subgroup analysis demonstrated that the risk oflate pulmonary toxicity did not significantly decrease in patients who received chemoradiotherapy concomitant with amifostine(RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.48-1.46; P=0.540). Amifostine did not exert tumor-protective effects in partial response(RR,0.98;95% CI, 0.83-1.15; P=0.800) but improved complete response(RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.03-2.18; P=0.030), although publication bias was observed through Egger' s test(P=0.000). Moreover, amifostine had no effect on one-year overall survival (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.81-1.09; P=0.400) and two-year overall survival(RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.81-1.39;P=0.680) rates. The incidence of neutropenia, a hematologic side effect of amifostine, was not significantly different(RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.61-1.71; P=0.940) between the amifostine and control group. The use of amifostine, however, significantly decreased the incidence of thrombocytopenia(RR, 0.45;95% CI, 0.21-0.94;P=0.030). The most common amifostine-related side effects were nausea, vomiting, and hypotension with average incidence rates of 11%, 14%, and 24%, respectively. Conclusions This systematic review showed that the concurrent administration of amifostine with radiotherapy to patients with lung cancer significantly reduced the risks of acute esophageal toxicity and acute pulmonary toxicity and decreased the incidence of thrombocytopenia without tumor-protecting effects. In addition, the toxicities of amifostine were generally controllable through clinical treatment or resting.     

HPV16 E6/E7 Negatively Affect Radiosensitivity of Lung Cancer Cells

Objective Lung cancer cells associated with radioresistance are likely to give rise to local recurrence and distant metastatic relapse,but little is known about its underlying mechanisms.In the present paper,the effects of the HPV16 E6 and HPV16 E7 oncoprotein on the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell lines were investigated.Methods The HPV16 E6 or HPV16 E7 oncoprotein was expressed by a transient transfection with pcDNA3-HPV16 E6 or pcDNA3-HPV16 E7 expression vector.Human lung cancer H2179 cells and mouse lung cancer Lewis cells were exposed to a γ-ray radiation source,cellular survival was evaluated by using a colony formation assay.The expression of HPV16 oncoproteins E6/E7,extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2(ERK1/2) and AKT signaling was determined by Western blot assay.VEGF secretion was determined by ELISA.Results Both HPV16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 significantly decreased radiosensitivity of H2179 cells,associated with a promotion of the ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation.A decrease of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and an increase of VEGF levels were observed in the cells expressing the HPV16 oncoproteins E6 and E7.Furthermore,a similar reduction of radiosensitivity mediated by the HPV16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 was also observed in a mouse lung cancer Lewis cells.Conclusion The findings indicate that the HPV16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 negatively affects susceptibility of lung cancer cells to radiotherapy via regulation of the ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathway and VEGF expression.     

军用食品研究进展

目的 分析和综述国外军用食品研发动态,为研制我军航空航天食品提供参考和思路.资料来源与选择国外该领域的相关研究论文、文章、综述以及美国政府AD报告. 资料引用引用论文、文章和综述以及美国政府AD报告共23篇. 资料综合近年来外军军用食品研究进展很快.通过采用多项高新技术,例如超高压杀菌技术、微波技术、微胶囊包埋技术、食品自加热技术和食品包装新材料.包括高阻隔包装材料与吸收氧气材料有机结合以及食品储存技术的综合应用不断推进军用食品革新.其主要目标是提高食品长时间食用的感官接受性,并改进包装以有效延长食品保质期,使食品更加适合在各种战场环境中食用.此外,研发通过皮肤吸收的营养输送系统等新概念食品为研发军用食品提供了崭新的思路和理念,尽管距离实用阶段还有一段距离.外军军用食品研究新思路体现在给食品赋予抗疲劳和增强免疫力等多种功能性;完善餐谱多样化以满足部队战场多样化需求. 结论 外军将高新技术应用于军用食品研发领域,使军用食品不断改进,主要集中在提高食品接受性、延长贮存期、研发新概念食品、开发自热食品和研制营养模块,并且注重系列化、餐谱化、功能化.这些最新研发动向对我军研制航空航天食品具有借鉴和参考价值. Abstract： Objective To analyze and overview the latest research and development of foreign military rations so as to provide ideas and references to our aviation and space military ration.Literature iesources and selection Foreign theses,research articles,reviews and U.S.government AD reports in the food related fields.Literature quotation Twenty-three pieces of thesis.paper article and review were cited.Literature synthesis The researches of military ration have been rapidly developed in recent years.Many high-technologies,such as ultra-high pressure sterilization technology,microwave technology,microcapsule embedding technology,self-heating ration technology and new food packing materials,including high-separating packing materials,oxygenabsorbing materials and food storage technology,which brought a great deal of innovations for military food have been adopted.The main aims of these researches are to increase the food acceptance for long time consumption.upgrade packing to prolong the shelf life in order to make rations more suitable to eat in different battle-field environments.Moreover,although it still needs time to step in practical application,but researching on new concept ration,such as delivery system of the nutrients under subcutaneous,is providing brand-new idea for military ration research and development.The new research of military ration also focused on food functions,such as anti-fatigue and immune enhancing function,and the development of more food menus to guarantee the military requirement in different battle fields. Conclusions High technologies have been used in military ration development to constantly improve its applicability.The main research issues have been focused on high acceptability,longer shelf life,new concept ration,self-heating ration and nutriment pack.Special attention has been paid to develop more menus to the ration and more special purpose-ration as well as add the components with physiological function to ration.All these information can be used as reference for our development of aviation and space military ration.     

《创伤外科杂志》出版杂志邮寄快速到付的通知

因邮局平邮方式常常发生邮局误丢、误邮事件，故从2015年7月开始，在《创伤外科杂志》发表文章的作者均赠送2本杂志（内附版面费发票），邮寄方式一律采用快递到付的形式（邮资由作者支付）。来稿请附作者姓名、单位省市名称和邮编、详细通讯地址、电话、email。     

飞行人员血尿酸与心血管危险因素的关系

目的 探讨飞行人员血尿酸与心血管危险因素的关系.方法 对象为606例男性飞行人员,测量身高、体重、血压、胸围、腰围及臀围;实验室检测血尿酸、血脂、血糖、尿素、肌酐及生化参数,并进行包括生活习惯、个人及家族疾病史、飞行负荷的问卷调查.将血尿酸水平分为4层:≤298、299～357、358～417、＞417 μmol/L,最后1层为临床诊断高尿酸血症标准.以血尿酸为自变量,其他多种心血管危险因素为因变量,分析血尿酸与这些危险因素的关系.结果 飞行人员高尿酸血症患病率16.67%.血尿酸与临床化学标志物TG、TC、载脂蛋白A1、载脂蛋白B、空腹血糖、肌酐、总蛋白、γ-转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶、总胆汁酸、乳酸脱氢酶和丙氨酸转氨酶呈正相关(r=0.65、0.24、0.22、0.42、0.29、0.11、0.33、0.25、0.17、0.17、0.11、0.10),临床化学标志物均值随血尿酸水平升高而增高;与年龄、BMI、胸围、腰围、臀围及收缩压呈正相关(r=0.11、0.24、0.19、0.19、0.17、0.14),生理参数均值亦随血尿酸水平升高而增高.吸烟量≥20支/d者高PUA血症患病率高于吸烟量＜20支/d者(x2=13.14,P＜0.01).有心脑血管病家族史者高PUA血症患病率高于其他人员(x2=9.506,P＜0.01).多元回归和Logistic回归分析显示血尿酸水平与TG和肌酐水平独立相关.结论 高尿酸和高TG血症是动脉粥样硬化形成和发展的独立危险因素;与血尿酸相关的载脂蛋白B,空腹血糖升高,收缩压升高,体质指数、胸围、腰围和臀围超标,吸烟量大和相关家族史构成心血管疾病的综合危险因素. Abstract： Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma uric acid (PUA) level and cardiovascular risk factors for Chinese military flying personnel. Methods Six hundred and six flying personnel served as subjects and their blood pressure, height, weight, chest circumference (CC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) were measured. PUA, blood fat, blood glucose, carbonylamines, creatinine and other biochemical indicators were tested. The information,such as living habit, personal and family disease history, as well as workload in flight was got by questionnaire. PUA level was divided into four classes: ≤298, 299-357, 358-417 and ＞417μmol/L. The last one was taken as the clinical diagnostic standard for hyperuricemia. The relationship between PUA level and chosen risk factors was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Chi-square or t-test and multiple regression or binary logistic regression. Results The incidence of hyperuricemia was 16. 67% in Chinese military flying personnel. PUA levels were positively correlated with clinical biochemical parameters: TG, TC, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein 13 (ApoB), fasting blood glucose (FBG), creatinine, total protein, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bile acid (TBA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ALT(r=0.65, 0.24,0.22, 0.42, 0.29, 0.11, 0,33, 0.25, 0.17, 0.17, 0.11, 0.10 respectively). The mean values of these clinical biochemical flag parameters, corresponding to different PUA classes, were gradually increased with PUA level raise. PUA level was positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), CC, WC, HC, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r=0. 11, 0.24, 0. 19, 0. 19, 0. 17, 0. 14 respectively). The incidence of hyperuricemia is higher in the group of smoking cigarette ≥ 20 bars/day (x2 = 13.14, P＜0.01 ) and in the group with family cardiovascular disease history (x2 =9. 506, P＜0. 01). Multiple regression and binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that the relationship of PUA concentration with triglyceride and creatinine was independently correlated. Conclusions Hyperuricemia and hypertriglyceridemia were the independent risk factors of causing and driving arteriosclerosis. Other PUA related ingredients, such as high ApoB, high FBG, high SBG, super CC,WC and HC, over weight, smoking habit and family disease history are composed of multiple risk factors of resulting in cardiovascular diseases.     

新型载人离心机在军事航空医学中的应用

目的 探讨在新型载人离心机上进行飞行员抗荷耐力选拔与训练、-Gx体验、动态飞行模拟(dynamic flight simulation,DFS)训练以及抗荷装备生理鉴定实验的方法,探索新型载人离心机的应用方法. 方法 ①24名飞行员在六三型载人离心机上进行基础+Gz耐力检查,然后按同样方法,在新型载人离心机上进行了对照检查.②100名飞行员进行了离心机训练,其中的42名飞行员为被动控制训练,58名飞行员为闭环控制训练.③8名飞行员体验-1.5 Gx及-2.0 Gx载荷.④18名飞行员进行DFS飞行体验,特技飞行动作包括左盘旋、右盘旋、半滚倒转、斤斗、半斤斗翻转和桶滚.⑤6名志愿者和9名飞行员在新型载人离心机上,分别进行服装、PBG、服装结合PBG、服装结合PBG及抗荷收紧动作(anti-G straining manoeuvre,AGSM)的抗荷效果试验. 结果 ①在新、老离心机上检查出的+Gz耐力结果平均值分别为(4.25±0.34)G及(4.41±0.14)G(t=3.03,P<0.01),其差异与连续检查所致的疲劳及飞行员对重复检查的主观重视程度有关,排除二者影响,在新离心机上可采用现有抗荷耐力选拔方法.②在进行被动控制训练的飞行员中,25人完成7 G持续10 s,9人完成8 G持续10 s,仅有2人完成9 G持续10 s.在进行闭环控制训练的58名飞行员中,48人完成7 G持续10 s,19人完成8 G持续10 s,23人完成9 G持续10 s.③飞行员在进行-Gx载荷体验时,反映在座舱俯仰、滚转过程中头晕、恶心的感觉比较明显.④飞行员认为DFS体验与实际飞行接近,对提高机动空战能力具有实用价值.⑤抗荷装备的抗荷性能达到了飞机性能的要求.结论 新型载人离心机在高性能战斗机飞行员抗荷耐力选拔训练、-Gx体验、DFS体验及抗荷装备生理鉴定试验等工作中获得广泛应用,形成了相关应用方法,取得了较好的效果,为进一步开展相关工作奠定了基础. Abstract： Objective To investigate the approaches and the application effects of acceleration tolerance screening and training for fighter pilots,-Gx experience,dynamic flight simulation (DFS) experience and physiological evaluation of anti-G equipment on new human centrifuge. Methods ①Twenty-four pilots underwent the relaxed+Gz tolerance examination on a single degree of freedom centrifuge (Model 63) and on new human centrifuge for comparison.②One hundred high performance fighter pilots carried out centrifuge training.Among them,42 pilots were in passive control mode while the other 58 pilots were trained by close-loop mode.③Eight pilots experienced -1.5 Gx and-2.0 Gx on the new centrifuge.④Eighteen pilots performed aerobatic maneuvers,such as left spiral,right spiraI,split S loop,immelmann,and barrel roll in DFS awareness.⑤Six volunteers and 9 pilots served as subjects.The tests of anti-G capability evaluation for suits,suits combined with pressure breathing for G (PBG),and suits combined with PBG and anti-G strainingmaneuver (AGSM) were conducted respectively. Results ①The mean relaxed+Gz tolerance of pilots obtained on the new and old centrifuge was (4.25±0.34) G and (4.41±0.14) G respectively (t=3.03,P<0.01).The difference would be relative to fatigue that caused by continuous running and pilots' endurance to the reduplicate riding.So the current+Gz tolerance screening method was applicable on the new centrifuge regardless of the influence of the above mentioned factors.②In the training under passive control mode,25 of 42 pilots completed the training of 7 G for 10 s,9 pilots for 8 G for 10 s and 2 for 9 G for 10 s.In the close-loop control training,48 pilots passed training of 7 G for 10 s,19 pilots for 8 G for 10 s,and 23 for 9 G for 10 s.③During-Gx experience,the feelings of dizzy and disgust were evident during the roll and pitch movements.④Pilots reported that DFS training was similar to actual flight and possessed great practical value in improving aerial combat ability.⑤The performance of anti-G equipments reached the functional requirement. Conclusions New human centrifuge can be applied in acceleration tolerance screening and training for high performance fighter aircraft pilots,-Gx experience,DFS training,and physiological evaluation for anti-G equipments.Relevant approaches have been established,and the application of new human centrifuge has acquired a satisfactory result.which lays the foundation for further work.     

肘关节结核误诊1例

患者 男 29岁.右肘部肿物缓慢生长伴酸痛不适2月余.体检:无低热,无盗汗,无明显消瘦.右颈部可触及一较大淋巴结.右肘部不能伸直,可触及一约3.5cm×3.0cm 肿物,叩击痛阳性,质韧,边界尚清.肘后可见少许点状淡红色色素沉着.右肘关节及周围肿胀.     

鲜为人知的"名人病"

名人孤独症 名人在更年期患这种病的比较多.他们往往在事业达到顶峰时,因某事或环境影响而患上了孤独症.例如鼎鼎大名的章话作家安徒生,在更年期一次患病被庸医误诊,宣布他将死亡.从此,他对死亡允满了恐惧,更担心自己再次被人误判死亡.     

刘苏冰荣膺"全国三八红旗手标兵"荣誉称号

本报讯 3月1日上午,荣膺"全国三八红旗手标兵"荣誉称号的武警河南总队医院副院长、眼科主任刘苏冰,作为武警部队唯一的代表赴京参加纪念"三八"国际劳动妇女节98周年暨表彰大会后载誉归来.     

Optimizing lesion contrast without using contrast agents.

The essence of optimizing lesion detection is increasing the signal-to-noise (S/N) for the lesion while decreasing the S/N of the background. Maneuvers which improve one aspect of lesion detection may have a deleterious effect on another. For example, thinner slices decrease partial volume averaging (important for detection of small lesions) but also decrease S/N. Attempts to increase S/N by lowering the bandwidth may increase the TE, decreasing the degree of T1-weighting. Fast spin echo (FSE) generally offers the best T2-weighting for detection of long T2 lesions. However, lesions with short T2s (due to magnetic susceptibility effects) are better detected with gradient echo techniques. Strategies which decrease background S/N include those based on chemical shift differences (ie, spectroscopic techniques like FatSat) and those based on differences in T1 (ie, inversion recovery [IR] techniques like STIR and FLAIR).     

新生儿上消化道造影对比剂的选择

上消化道造影是公认的诊断新生儿上消化道器质性病变较为常用可靠的检查方法[1],既往通常使用硫酸钡作为对比剂,但由于新生儿自身生理及发育因素,使用硫酸钡造影对患儿存在较大的潜在危险因素.本研究旨在通过对比使用水溶性碘对比剂和硫酸钡进行新生儿上消化道造影检查的优劣,探讨新生儿上消化道造影如何正确合理使用对比剂,最大程度避免上消化道造影对患儿造成的不必要危害,并能达到理想的检查效果.     

Effects of computed tomography contrast medium factors on contrast enhancement

The various nonionic iodinated contrast media used in contrast computed tomography (CT) studies differ in terms of their composition, characteristics, and iodine concentration (mgI/ml), as well as the volume injected (ml). Compared with ionic iodinated contrast media, nonionic iodinated contrast media are low-osmolar agents, with different agents having different osmotic pressures. Using a custom-made phantom incorporating a semipermeable membrane, the osmotic flow rate (HU/s) could easily be measured based on the observed increase in CT numbers, and the relationship between the osmotic pressure and the osmotic flow rate could be obtained (r(2)=0.84). In addition, taking the effects of patient size into consideration, the levels of contrast enhancement in the abdominal aorta (AA) and inferior vena cava (IVC) were compared among four types of CT contrast medium. The results showed differences in contrast enhancement in the IVC during the equilibrium phase depending on the type of contrast medium used. It was found that the factors responsible for the differences observed in enhancement in the IVC were the osmotic flow rate and the volume of the blood flow pathways in the circulatory system. It is therefore considered that the reproducibility of contrast enhancement is likely to be reduced in the examination of parenchymal organs, in which scanning must be performed during the equilibrium phase, even if the amount of iodine injected per unit body weight (mgI/kg) is maintained at a specified level.     

Introduction: The controversy air contrast or double contrast techniques

With experience, air contrast examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum can be performed routinely as quickly and easily as the standard UGI. The air contrast examination is superior for detection of small gastric polyps and the Japanese have found it superior for detection of early carcinoma. The post-operative stomach and the fundus and cardia are most easily examined by air contrast. Clear superiority in the diagnosis of peptic ulcers and peptic esophagitis has not been proved. The most accurate routine examination may be a multiphasic or combined approach utilizing air contrast views as well as filled compression views and careful fluoroscopy.With respect to the colon, we do not suggest that air contrast BE must be done exclusively. However, it is superior for the detection of polyps and small carcinomas. The technique should be available in all radiology departments and should be an integral part of the evaluation of patients at increased risk of developing carcinoma. This includes patients over 40 years of age, with chronic ulcerative colitis, familial multiple polyposis or Gardner's syndrome, family history of inherited cancer, and medical history of adenomatous polyps, colorectal cancer, or female genital cancer. In addition, air contrast enema should be utilized for the sensitive and accurate evaluation of early inflammatory bowel disease.Finally, with respect to the colon examination one fact must be stressed. Irregardless of full column or air contrast method, most missed lesions are due to poor bowel preparation, poor technique, or perceptive error by the radiologist. There can be no substitute for a clean colon, meticulous attention to technical details, and careful review of the radiographs.     

Ultrasound contrast agents

Two concepts of microbubble stabilization led to reproducible, industrially manufactured contrast agents, and to the transpulmonary stability of agents after intravenous injection. The albumin microencapsulation concept is represented by Albunex (Molecular Biosystems, San Diego, CA), the saccharide microparticle concept is represented by SH U 454 (Echovist and its transpulmonary derivative SH U 508 A, Schering AG, Berlin, FRG). In the past year, the first reported clinical studies of the transpulmonary agents have demonstrated their safety and efficacy. Further, the results of contrast-enhanced pulsed wave and color Doppler studies bring prospects of further improvements in vascular Doppler examinations. The patency of fallopian tubes was assessed with transvaginal scanning and transcervical injection of echogenic contrast agents. The feasibility of sonographic perfusion imaging of different organs (eg, myocardium, liver, tumors) was demonstrated using invasive injection techniques. Thus, ultrasound contrast agents are a new diagnostic tool in sonography and have a broad spectrum of potential indications.