碳氧血红蛋白在一氧化碳中毒动物体内的死后分布

目的 研究碳氧血红蛋白在一氧化碳(CO)急性中毒家兔和大鼠体内的死后分布.方法 实验大鼠和家兔通入CO致死后,取心血、体腔液和各脏器组织,紫外可见分光光度计检测样品中碳氧血红蛋白(HbCO)饱和度.结果 大鼠体腔液和心血中HbCO含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),家兔肌肉与心血中HbCO含量差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余样品与心血HbCO含量无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 HbCO在家兔和大鼠体内广泛分布,心、肝、睥、肺和肾HbCO含量可以作为CO中毒死因判定的依据.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术切割时间与碳氧血红蛋白含量的关系

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中切割时间与外周静脉血碳氧血红蛋白（COHb）含量的关系。方法选择腹腔胆囊切除术患者40例,分别于手术切割开始及结束时抽取患者外周静脉血测定COHb含量,对比其前后变化、分析其与切割时间变化的关系。结果腹腔镜手术完成38例,2例患者中转开腹。患者外周静脉血COHb含量术后（11.07%±1.18%）较术前（1.44%±0.26%）明显升高（P〈0.05）,且在一定时间内与手术切割时间呈正相关（r=0.85）。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中产生的CO可导致外周静脉血COHb含量升高,且手术切割时间越长,COHb含量升高越明显。     

外源性一氧化碳对小肠缺血再灌注大鼠血中碳氧血红蛋白的影响

目的:通过检测大鼠血中碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)浓度的变化,探讨小肠缺血再灌注过程中外源性应用不同浓度一氧化碳的安全性.方法:♂Wistar大鼠32只,随机分为假手术对照组(Ⅰ组)、小肠缺血再灌注组(Ⅱ组)及缺血时吸入浓度分别为100、250μL/L一氧化碳(CO)的Ⅲ、Ⅳ组;制作小肠缺血再灌注模型.分别于缺血前15 min(T_1),缺血后1 h(T_2),再灌注后1 h(T_3)、2 h(T_4)取动脉血测定COHb浓度.结果:Ⅰ组及Ⅱ组缺血再灌注前后各时点COHb浓度无明显差异,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组缺血后的T_2(4.1%±1.3%,10.1%±3.0%vs 1.0%±0.2%)、T_3(5.8%±1.1%,13.1%±2.8%vs 1.2%±0.3%)、T_4(6.8%±1.2%,13.3%±3.1%vs1.1%±0.2%)时点与Ⅱ组相应时点比较,COHb浓度升高(P<0.05).结论:大鼠小肠缺血再灌注过程中外源性应用100μL/L和250μL/L的CO均是安全的.     

猴轮状病毒的灭活、纯化及抗原性鉴定

目的探讨经β丙内酯灭活的猴轮状病毒SA11的抗原性。方法将猴轮状病毒适应到vero细胞上,用β丙内酯灭活后,接种MA104细胞,鉴定灭活效果,经超滤浓缩、凝胶过滤后,加入弗氏完全佐剂免疫豚鼠,确定豚鼠产生的中和抗体效价。结果利用β丙内酯在4℃作用24、48、72或96h,可以有效的灭活轮状病毒SA11,通过凝胶过滤可得到初步纯化的轮状病毒,以1.33mg/只的剂量与弗氏完全佐剂混合免疫豚鼠后,中和抗体的滴度为1∶1024。结论用β丙内酯可以有效的灭活轮状病毒。     

血红蛋白E病中血红蛋白A2和血红蛋白F水平及其分布研究

［摘要］　目的　了解血红蛋白E（Hb E）病中血红蛋白A2（Hb A2）和血红蛋白F（Hb F）水平及其分布规律。方法　选择Hb E病样本170例,以基因分析结果分为Hb E杂合子组、Hb E纯合子组、Hb E合并α地中海贫血（简称地贫）组和Hb E合并β地贫组。采用毛细管电泳法分析Hb A2及Hb F的水平及其在各组的分布情况。结果　Hb E杂合子组125例,Hb E纯合子组5例,Hb E合并α地贫组21例,Hb E合并β地贫组19例,四组的Hb A2平均水平分别为(3.66±0.38)%、(9.64±0.76)%、(3.70±0.37)%和(5.83±1.49)%。Hb E纯合子组和Hb E合并β地贫组的Hb F水平分别为(5.22±3.90)%和(36.81±13.97)%。Hb E合并β地贫组和Hb E纯合子组Hb A2水平主要落在高值区域（Hb A2≥4.0%）,其他两组主要是低值（2.5%结论　在Hb E病中,Hb A2和Hb F的水平及其分布频率因基因型不同而不同,一般随着疾病严重程度而升高。     

4300紫外可见分光光度计检测血中碳氧血红蛋白含量快速诊断一氧化碳中毒

目的建立4300紫外可见分光光度计检测血中碳氧血红蛋白含量方法快速诊断一氧化碳（CO）中毒。方法检血用0．1％Na2CO3稀释，加入连二亚硫酸钠，紫外．4300可见分光光度计测定500nm～600nm吸收光谱和538nm和555nm处吸光度值，确定碳氧血红蛋白，计算碳氧血红蛋白含量。结果氧和血红蛋白的最大吸收波长为555nm，碳氧血红蛋白的最大吸收波长为538nm和555nm。4300紫外可见分光光度计检测血中碳氧血红蛋白含量（10％～90％）回收率平均为95％～110％，标准差为2．1％48．0％，最低检出浓度为2％。80例可疑CO中毒者中63例血中检出碳氧血红蛋白，平均含量为35％。168例可疑CO中毒死亡者中124例血中检出碳氧血红蛋白。结论4300紫外可见分光光度计检测血中碳氧血红蛋白，具有快速、准确、操作简便、结果可靠的特点，可应用于CO中毒的诊断和CO中毒死亡的法医学鉴定。     

美托洛尔对红细胞血红蛋白携氧能力的影响

目的:探讨美托洛尔是否影响红细胞血红蛋白的携氧能力.方法:采集正常人红细胞,悬浮于不同pH值(pH7.4、pH5.0)等渗PBS缓冲液,分别用肾上腺素、美托洛尔、美托洛尔+肾上腺素预处理红细胞,在拉曼光谱点扫描分析检测单个活态红细胞内血红蛋白特征光谱变化.结果:在pH5.0时,氧化血红蛋白特征峰峰强在PBS、美托洛尔的作用下明显降低；在肾上腺素的作用下显著升高；而经美托洛尔+肾上腺素预处理后,肾上腺素的这一作用不明显.结论:美托洛尔能减轻肾上腺素在酸性环境中增加红细胞血红蛋白的氧合力的作用,增加氧从血红蛋白的解离,有利于缺氧组织的供氧.     

血红蛋白Constant Spring复合血红蛋白H病的研究

目的：分析血红蛋白Constant Spring复合血红蛋白H病与缺失型HbH病患儿临床表现的差异并简要探讨其原因。方法：运用基因芯片技术对缺失型HbH病患儿及HbCS复合HbH病患儿进行诊断。结果：HbCS复合HbH病患儿有明显的地贫外貌，肝、脾肿大．体格发育障碍以及严重的贫血，其平均红细胞容积(MCV)增大，低色红细胞比例增高，网织红细胞比例增高。结论：HbCS复合HbH病患儿的临床表现比缺失型HbH病患儿严重，α^CS链的聚集可加剧骨髓中红细胞的无效生成及外周血中红细胞的溶血。     

冠心病患者血清对氧磷酶1活性与糖化血红蛋白水平及冠状动脉病变的关系

目的探讨冠心病患者血清对氧磷酶1(PON1)活性与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平及冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法入选心内科入院拟诊冠心病患者133例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组101例及对照组32例,冠心病组再依据HbA1c水平分为三个亚组:HbA1c<6.5%组31例、6.5%≤HbA1c<9%组41例、HbA1c≥9%组29例。分光光度法测定PON1活性,冠状动脉病变结果采用Gensini积分。比较各组PON1活性及Gensini积分,分析PON1活性与HbA1c水平及冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。结果血清PON1活性在冠心病组(2.17±0.18)较对照组(2.49±0.19)明显降低(P<0.01);冠心病三个亚组间比较,HbA1c≥9%组较HbA1c<6.5%组PON1活性明显下降(P<0.01)且冠状动脉狭窄Gensini积分显著升高(P<0.01),HbA1c≥9%组较6.5%≤HbA1c<9%组PON1活性有所下降(P<0.05)而冠状动脉狭窄Gensini积分升高(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,血清PON1活性对数值与HbA1c水平呈负相关(r=-0.534,P<0.01),与冠状动脉造影Gensini积分呈负相关(r=-0.742,P<0.01)。结论冠心病患者血清PON1活性明显降低并与HbA1c水平升高及冠状动脉狭窄严重程度密切相关。     

异常血红蛋白病实验室检测研究新进展

异常血红蛋白(Hb)病是由于珠蛋白基因缺陷、珠蛋白一级结构发生变化而产生新的分子结构改变的Hb变异体引起的一组遗传性疾病,与地中海贫血统称为Hb病,是世界上最常见的出生缺陷之一,全球发病率位于第3位,是中国南方地区最常见的遗传性疾病之一。相较于地中海贫血,大多数异常Hb病在临床上无临床症状,发病率较低,使得对该病的认识度不够广泛,因此目前还没有成熟独立的筛查诊断程序,异常Hb病往往是伴随地中海贫血筛查被发现,再通过基因测序检测才能明确诊断。     

Oxygenation of tumors by a hemoglobin solution

Tumor oxygen tensions were measured using a computer-controlledPO₂ microelectrode in two preclinical solid tumor models, the rat 9L gliosarcoma and the rat 13672 mammary carcinoma. Tumor oxygenation profiles were determined under four conditions: (a) during normal air breathing, (b) during carbogen breathing, (c) after intravenous administration of a solution of ultrapurified polymerized bovine hemoglobin with normal air breathing and (d) after intravenous administration of a solution of ultrapurified polymerized bovine hemoglobin with carbogen breathing. Both tumors had severely hypoxic regions under normal air-breathing conditions. Although carbogen breathing increased the oxygenation of the better-oxygenated portions of the tumor, it made no impact on the severely hypoxic tumor regions. Administration of the hemoglobin solution was effective in increasing the oxygenation throughout both tumors under normal air-breathing conditions. The addition of carbogen breathing to administration of the hemoglobin solution eliminated severe hypoxia in the 9L gliosarcoma and markedly reduced the severely hypoxic regions of the 13672 mammary carcinoma. At 24 h after administration of the hemoglobin solution the 13672 mammary carcinoma showed greater hypoxia than before treatment, which was partially corrected with carbogen breathing.This work is supported by NIH grant P01-CA19589 and a gift from Biopure Corporation, Boston, Mass.     

节氧鼻导管的研制及其在氧疗中的节氧效率的观察

目的　研制节氧鼻导管,并探讨其在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ） 患者中的节氧效率。方法　（１）利用吸气相给氧呼气相贮氧的原理,设计并制作节氧鼻导管;（２） 氧疗效果评定：在不同的氧流量（０－５、１－０、１－５、２－０ Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）下,采用随机、平行、交叉、对照方法,对节氧鼻导管及普通鼻导管氧疗２ 小时前后的动脉血气值进行分析,并监测氧疗后不同时间（１、３ 、５、１０、１５、３０、６０、１２０ ｍｉｎ）的经皮血氧饱和度（ＳｐＯ２）;（３）节氧效率评定：在不同的氧流量（０－５、１－０、１－５、２－０、２－５、３－０ Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）下,测定采用节氧鼻导管、国外同类产品、普通鼻导管氧疗５ 分钟前后的ＳｐＯ２ 值。结果　（１） 在不同的氧流量下,节氧鼻导管组氧疗２ 小时后,ＰａＯ２ 与ＳａＯ２ 值均较普通鼻导管组高（Ｐ＜０－０５）。（２） 在不同的氧流量下节氧效率分别为：氧流量０－５ Ｌ／ｍｉｎ 时节氧鼻导管的节氧效率为普通鼻导管的２－６ 倍;１－０ Ｌ／ｍｉｎ 时为１－８ 倍;１－５ Ｌ／ｍｉｎ 时为１－８ 倍;２－０ Ｌ／ｍｉｎ 时为１－５ 倍。（３） 节氧鼻导管与国外同类产品比较,节氧效率无显著差异（ Ｐ＞ ０－０５）。结论　节氧鼻导管的节氧效     

孕早期糖化血红蛋白与妊娠糖尿病的关系

目的探讨孕早期HbA1C与妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的关系。方法对185位孕妇在孕早期检测HbA1C并分组,在孕中晚期行口服葡萄糖负荷试验进行GDM的诊断。对各组数据进行分析、比较。结果当HbA1c〈5．0％,5．0％～5．5％,5．5％～6．0％,6．00～6．5％,≥6．5％,各组相对应的GDM发病率分别为5％,9％,15％,44％,100％。各组与GDM的OR值及95％CI分别是0．51（0．30～0．91）、1．00、1．80（1．47～1．96）、4．12（3．68～4．93）、12．08（10．90～15．69）。当HbA1c≥6．0％,GDM的发病率明显升高。结论孕早期HbA1c与GDM有关,当HbA1c≥6．0％时,GDM发病率明显升高。     

Effect of obesity and glycated hemoglobin on oxygen saturation in ambulatory type 2 diabetic individuals: A pilot study

AimsTissue hypoxia is an important contributor to diabetic complications. Glycation of hemoglobin (Hb) and obesity are major determinant of oxygen saturation (SpO2) in blood. Hence, the present study was planned to evaluate the effect of obesity on SpO2 in a wide range of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in ambulatory type 2 diabetic patients.Material and methodsA cohort of 60 subjects irrespective of diabetic status were recruited and clustered in group I (HbA1c <6.5) and group II (HbA1c ≥6.5) depending on HbA1c. Anthropometry and routine biochemical parameters were measured. HbA1c (%) were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. SpO2 (%) levels were measured by pulse oximetry. Pearson correlation, bivariate regression and student ‘t’ test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsBlood concentration of HbA1c was <6.5 in 29 participants and ≥6.5 in 31 participants. Plasma fasting and post prandial glucose, HbA1c as well as Hb levels were significantly (p < 0.50) higher in diabetics as compared to non diabetics. Waist circumference (WC) (r = −400; p = 0.026) and body mass index (BMI) (r = −381; p = 0.034) showed a significant negative correlation with SpO2 in diabetic patients. On adjusting HbA1c in group II, SpO2 was found to independently and inversely associated with WC (p = 0.042) and BMI (p = 0.049).ConclusionsObesity was found to be a strong independent contributor to reduction in oxygen carrying capacity in ambulatory type 2 diabetic subjects. However there is no effect of glycated Hb on SpO2 in the same population.     

Generation of transgenic mice expressing human hemoglobin E

Hemoglobin E (HbE, beta26 Glu-->Lys) is the most common abnormal Hb variant in the world, and found in greatest frequency in Southeast (SE) Asia. In the United States, HbE is the third most prevalent variant (after HbS and HbC); and its now increasing frequency is due to immigration from SE Asia. HbE homozygotes present a benign clinical picture, but when HbE is coupled with beta0-thalassemia or HbS, variably severe hemoglobinopathies arise. To date, there are no transgenic animal models of HbE-related diseases. We report here the creation of transgenic mice expressing human HbE as a step toward creating animal models for HbE-related diseases. The betaE mice exhibit red blood cell hypochromia and target cells consistent with those observed in human patients exhibiting HbE trait. Furthermore, the transgenic HbE hemolysates contain increased amounts of Hb oxidation products.     

血红蛋白水平对平板运动试验阳性结果诊断价值的影响

目的研究血红蛋白水平对平板运动试验阳性结果诊断价值的影响。方法选择2010年1月到2016年12月因胸痛或胸闷怀疑冠心病行平板运动试验阳性和冠状动脉造影者300例,造影结果显示主要血管狭窄≥70%的137例(阳性组),<70%163例(阴性组),分析比较临床资料及对运动平板试验阳性结果预测值的影响。结果阳性组的血红蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、甘油三酯、男性比例、吸烟比例和高血压比例明显高于阴性组,红细胞分布密度(RDW)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)低于阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析血红蛋白是平板运动试验阳性患者预测冠心病的独立预测因素。ROC曲线分析,血红蛋白曲线下面积0.702(P<0.01),血红蛋白≥137g/L,其敏感度为60.58%,特异度为74.85%。结论血红蛋白水平会影响平板运动试验阳性结果的诊断价值。     

Association of hemoglobin glycation index with cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic adults: A cross-sectional study

Background and aimsThe study aimed to explore the association of hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) with cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 200 adults of 20–60 years of age. Predicted glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was calculated from linear regression equation. HGI was calculated using the formula HGI = measured HbA1c– predicted HbA1c. The study subjects were classified into three groups based on their HGI tertiles. Cardiovascular risk factors were compared between the groups and Pearson correlation test was done to correlate HGI with cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsSerum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) showed significant increase with increase in HGI in non diabetic individuals. High HGI group had significantly high serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and VLDL-C compared to low HGI group. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and VLDL-C showed a statistically significant positive correlation with HGI.ConclusionWe have found a statistically significant correlation of HGI with serum lipid profile, a significant cardiovascular risk factor in non-diabetic individuals. HGI, a simple derivative of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose may be used to identify cardiovascular risk in non-diabetic individuals. Further prospective studies are required in larger sample size to confirm the clinical implications of HGI.