A型肉毒杆菌毒素治疗面肌痉挛235例临床研究

目的探讨A型肉毒杆菌毒素(BTXA)治疗面肌痉挛(HFS)的疗效及副作用.方法对235例HFS病人进行面肌多点注射BTXA,对治疗前后的病情分级进行比较,并随访12～36周.结果BTXA治疗的总有效率为98.3%(231/235),无全身反应,半年复发率为60%,药效作用时间平均16周;重复注射同样有效.结论局部注射BTXA是治疗HFS的一种有效手段.     

Lasting reduction of postsurgical hyperalgesia after single injection of botulinum toxin type A in rat

A single injection of low doses of botulinum toxin type A (3.5 U/kg) completely abolished secondary mechanical hyperalgesia throughout its duration in a model of post surgical pain after gastrocnemius incision in rat.     

肉毒毒素A治疗颈源性头痛的双盲研究

目的:颈部骨骼肌源性头痛目前尚无治疗的有效方法,观察肉毒毒素A治疗颈部骨骼肌源性头痛的疗效。方法:采用双盲原则,将40例颈源性头痛患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别接受浓度为50 u/ml肉毒毒素A溶液和生理盐水颈部多个肌筋膜扳机点注射。结果:头痛情况采用头痛月天数和头痛指数进行评估,治疗组在治疗后两周、四周时头痛月天数(2.0±2.4,2.2±2.6)和头痛指数(2.5±3.5,3.5±3.6)明显减低,和对照组(14.6±5.2,16.1±5.2和24.2±14.1,26.3±11.2)及治疗前(14.7±5.8和32.6±19.6)差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:肉毒毒素A颈部肌筋膜扳机点注射是治疗颈部骨骼肌源性头痛的有效方法。     

A型肉毒素在皮肤科疾病治疗中的进展

A型肉毒素是肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌在繁殖过程中分泌的A型毒性蛋白质,具有很强的神经毒性。其在皮肤美容方面的疗效显著而被熟知。除皮肤美容外,临床实践和前期研究均证实A型肉毒素在治疗皮肤病方面亦有明显疗效,且部分疾病经治疗预后明显优于传统治疗,如瘢痕与多汗症等。     

Hourglass deformity after botulinum toxin type A injection

BACKGROUND: Complications, such as eyelid ptosis, have been attributed to botulinum toxin type A. An "hourglass" deformity, which is the consequence of temporalis muscle atrophy, has not been reported previously. OBJECTIVE: To report a transient muscle deformity of the temporalis muscle caused by botulinum toxin type A. METHODS: Patients who underwent injection of 25 units of botulinum toxin type A into the temporal muscle, in a fan-shaped fashion, during an ongoing study for treatment of migraine were noted to develop temporary depression of the temples. Preinjection and postinjection photographs were taken. Patients were also sent questionnaires to verify the observed information. RESULTS: Only 26 of 92 patients who underwent injection of botulinum toxin type A into the temporalis muscle subsequently reported depression of the muscle. When examined, all 92 patients exhibited this deformity ranging from minimal to significant. Patients who seemed to have less deformity were those who had excessive soft tissue overlying the muscle due to excess weight. CONCLUSION: A newly recognized deformity is reported subsequent to the injection of botulinum toxin type A into the temporalis muscle. Informing patients of this transient deformity may minimize concern following treatment.     

关节腔注射A型肉毒毒素治疗卒中后肩痛的疗效观察

目的:比较关节腔注射A型肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin type A,BTA)与类固醇治疗卒中后肩痛的疗效。方法:46例卒中后肩痛患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,超声引导下行关节腔注射,治疗组注射A型肉毒毒素和利多卡因,对照组注射曲安耐德和利多卡因。治疗前、治疗后即刻、1周后、4周后对患者进行评定。内容包括视觉模拟评分(VAS);Fugl-Meyer简式运动功能评定上肢部分;肩关节屈、外展、外旋被动关节活动度(ROM)。结果:治疗后即刻和1周后,两组VAS降低,与治疗前差异均有显著性意义(P0.05);4周后治疗组仍有差异(P0.05),对照组与治疗前无差异。两组的Fugl-Meyer简式运动功能评定在治疗后即刻和1周后均无改善,4周后两组评分均提高,与治疗前差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。治疗后即刻,两组外旋ROM改善,与治疗前差异均有显著性意义(P0.05),治疗组4周后仍有差异(P0.05),对照组1周后和治疗前差异无显著性意义。治疗1周后,对照组屈曲ROM改善,与治疗前差异有显著性意义(P0.05);4周后治疗组屈曲ROM改善,与治疗前差异有显著性意义(P0.05),对照组与治疗前无差异。两组外展ROM较治疗前无明显改善。结论:关节腔注射BTA能减轻卒中后肩痛的疼痛程度,并改善肩关节ROM,疗效可能优于曲安耐德。     

A型肉毒毒素局部注射对远隔部位F波影响的临床研究

目的观察A型肉毒毒素局部注射后远隔部位F波改变，揭示对脊髓运动神经元兴奋性的影响，探讨其机制。方法选取29例原发性痉挛性斜颈患者，应用A型肉毒毒素进行颈部肌肉注射治疗，检测和比较注射前、注射后1周和12-16周尺神经及胫神经F波的潜伏期及出现率。结果痉挛性斜颈患者A型肉毒毒素局部注射后1周及12～16周，尺神经及胫神经M波波幅、潜伏期和神经传导速度与注射前差异无统计学意义；局部注射后1周，尺神经及胫神经F波潜伏期较注射前显著延长（P〈0．05），出现率差异无统计学意义；注射后12～16周，尺神经及胫神经F波潜伏期及出现率与注射前差异无统计学意义；胫神经和尺神经F波潜伏期变化值（注射前后差值）差异元统计学意义，与A型肉毒毒素注射剂量元明显相关性。结论A型肉毒毒素局部注射存在“远隔效应”，远隔部位F波潜伏期显著延长，脊髓运动神经元兴奋性显著降低。注射部位距离及剂量不起决定作用，其发生机制复杂，可能有多因素参与。     

Duration of migraine is a predictor for response to botulinum toxin type A

OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical characteristics and/or injection parameters that predict a favorable response to botulinum toxin type A in patients with episodic and chronic migraine. BACKGROUND: There is emerging scientific and clinical evidence to support the utility of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in the prophylaxis of episodic and chronic migraine headache. However, the patient characteristics and injection strategies that predict a favorable treatment response are unknown. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label study on 74 patients from our clinic receiving BoNT-A for episodic or chronic migraine. For all patients, migraine-related disability (Migraine Disability Assesment [MIDAS]), headache frequency, and average headache intensity were obtained at baseline and at 3 months post-BoNT-A. Information regarding demographic characteristics and injection parameters was also collected. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients met the study criteria and were available for 3-month follow-up. At the 3-month follow-up visit, the mean MIDAS scores of the 61 qualified study patients had decreased from 102 at baseline to 49 (52% decrease, P<.001). The mean number of headache days was reduced from 60 to 39 (P<.001), and the mean headache intensity decreased from 7.6 at baseline to 5.9 (P<.001). Frequency of migraine attacks, presence of analgesic overuse, total BoNT-A dose, and presence of underlying muscle tenderness were not predictive of treatment response. Age and duration of migraine were the only clinical factors significantly predictive of treatment response. Age likely was a predictor only as a consequence of duration of illness as subjects with migraine duration greater than 30 years were significantly less likely to respond to treatment with BoNT-A. CONCLUSION: BoNT-A may be effective in decreasing headache frequency, headache intensity, and headache-related disability in episodic and chronic migraine patients. Duration of illness emerged as a predictor of treatment response. Randomized controlled studies should evaluate headache-related disability as a primary endpoint in patients with episodic and chronic headache.     

A pilot study of botulinum toxin A for headache in cervical dystonia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of associated headache (HA) pain with craniocervical dystonia and the therapeutic effect of BoNT-A injections on the HA component when injected for cervical dystonia. BACKGROUND: HA associated with craniocervical dystonia is a recent formally codified entity, but has not been systematically studied. METHODS: We identified 44 subjects from three movement disorder clinics who presented with craniocervical dystonia and concurrent HA pain. The subjects were injected with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) and prospectively evaluated with the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS), headache diaries, Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), along with HA pain anatomy and adverse events, at baseline, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-injection. RESULTS: As expected, all aspects of the TWSTRS robustly improved. Headache diaries and the HIT-6 also improved at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-injection. Sections of the MIDAS improved, and adverse events were minimal. CONCLUSION: BoNT-A safely improves headache associated with craniocervical dystonia when administered for the primary condition of craniocervical dystonia.     

Single-site botulinum toxin type a injection for elimination of migraine trigger points

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin may be effective in suppressing migraine. Most injection regimens utilized have involved multiple sites. PURPOSE: To evaluate prospectively the effect of botulinum toxin type A injections into the corrugator supercilii muscles alone on the frequency and severity of migraine. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients (24 women, 5 men) with migraine were enrolled in the study. Average age was 45 years (range, 24 to 63). The frequency (number of migraines per month) and intensity (recorded on an analog scale of 1 to 10, 10 being most severe) of headache were recorded before and after treatment. Twenty-five units of botulinum toxin type A was injected into each corrugator supercilii muscle, for a total of 50 units. RESULTS: At 2 months, 24 (83%) of 29 patients reported a positive response to the injection of botulinum toxin type A (P <.001). Sixteen patients (55%) reported complete elimination of headache (P <.001), 8 (28%) experienced significant improvement (at least 50% reduction in frequency or intensity) (P <.04), and 5 (17%) did not notice a change in headache. The duration of efficacy of the botulinum toxin type A injections ranged from 6 to 12 weeks, with an average of 8 weeks. In patients who had improvement in migraine but not complete elimination, the headache frequency decreased from 6.4 to 2.1 per month on average (P <.04), and the intensity decreased from 8.6 to 6.1 (P <.04). CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that focal injection of botulinum toxin type A may be an effective therapy for migraine.     

Mechanism of action of botulinum toxin type A in migraine prevention: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to determine whether change in migraine frequency is correlated with a denervation pattern of the corrugator muscle after local botulinum toxin type A injections. BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest botulinum toxin type A is effective in preventing migraine. Relaxation of the corrugator muscle may be one of multiple targets of botulinum toxin type A in relieving migraine pain. METHODS: The pretreatment amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was obtained in 10 patients with a migraine frequency of two to six attacks per month following stimulation of the temporal branch of the facial nerve. Patients were subsequently injected with 20 units of botulinum toxin type A at predefined sites in the procerus and corrugator muscles. CMAP was obtained on days 7, 30, 60, and 90 after injection. Migraine frequency, as reported in headache diaries, was compared with the amplitudes obtained. RESULTS: A 50% decrease in CMAP was demonstrated in the total group by day 7. Maximal decline of CMAP was observed by day 30, and was sustained at day 60. Migraine frequency declined by 50% or more in 7 of 10 patients by day 60. Migraine response to botulinum toxin type A treatment did not correlate with the denervation pattern. CONCLUSION: Relaxation of the corrugator muscles is not solely responsible for the pain relief in migraine patients treated with botulinum toxin type A.     

Botulinum toxin type A as an effective prophylactic treatment in primary headache disorders

OBJECTIVE: To measure the effect of botulinum toxin type A (Botox, Allergan, Inc, Irvine, CA) treatment in 271 patients diagnosed with headache in accordance with International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin type A has shown promise for the treatment of headache in several clinical trials, but uncertainty remains as to how botulinum toxin type A optimally should be used for treating headache and which patients are best suited for this treatment. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of all patients who received botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of headache from January 1999 to February 2002. Patients were injected with an average dose of 63.2 U (SD, 14.5) of botulinum toxin type A on 2 or more visits, with treatments involving a "fixed-site" or a "follow-the-pain" (or a combination of both) approach. In the fixed-site approach, botulinum toxin type A was injected into the procerus, corrugator, frontalis, and temporalis muscles. In the follow-the-pain approach, botulinum toxin type A was injected into a combination of the procerus, corrugator, frontalis, temporalis, occipitalis, trapezius, and/or semispinalis capitis muscles. The primary outcomes for the trial were the reduction in headache days per month or headache intensity (0 to 3 scale) (or both) from baseline. Patients were diagnosed according to IHS criteria and subsequently classified into the following categories: chronic daily headache (more than 15 headache days per month), episodic tension-type headache, episodic migraine, and "mixed" HA (less than 15 headache days per month, combination of migraine and tension-type headache). RESULTS: Treatment period was an average of 8.6 months (SD, 6.4); patients received an average of 3.4 doses (SD, 1.6) 3 months apart. Of the 271 patients, 29 (10.7%) had episodic migraine, 17 (6.3%) had episodic tension-type headache, 71 (26.2%) had mixed headache, and 154 (56.8%) had chronic daily headache. Two-hundred fifty-six patients had data for the number of headache days per month, 117 had data for headache intensity, and all 271 had data for headache days or headache intensity. Botulinum toxin type A treatment significantly reduced the number of headache days per month from 18.9 (SD, 10.3) to 8.3 (SD, 8.9) (n=256, P<.001)--a 56% reduction. Headache intensity decreased from 2.4 points (SD, 0.6) to 1.8 points (SD, 0.8) (n=117, P<.001)--a 25% reduction. Of 263 patients surveyed, 225 (85.6%) reported improvement in headache frequency and intensity. There was no correlation of effect/lack of effect with reason for treatment, duration/number of treatments, injection technique, mean/total dose, age, gender, or comorbidity. Approximately 95% of patients did not experience medication side effects. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that botulinum toxin type A may be an effective and safe prophylactic treatment for a variety of moderate to severe chronic headache types.     

超声引导下重复A型肉毒毒素注射治疗联合综合康复训练对卒中后下肢痉挛的疗效观察

目的: 探讨超声引导下重复A型肉毒毒素（BTX-A）注射治疗联合综合康复训练对卒中后患者下肢痉挛的疗效。方法: 将128名脑卒中患者随机分为观察组和对照组各64例,对照组患者进行综合康复训练,观察组患者在此基础上再配合重复BTX-A注射治疗,治疗前与治疗3个周期（每个周期为4周）后分别统计2组患者佩戴矫形器的情况,采用改良Ashworth 肌张力评定量表(MAS)、10米步行测试(10MWT)、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表(FMA)进行评定。结果:治疗3个周期后,观察组佩戴踝足矫形器均明显低于对照组和治疗前(均P＜0.05); 2组患者治疗第1周期、第2周期和第3周期后与组内治疗前比较,MAS评分和10MWT均显著降低(均P＜0.05),FMA评分明显提高(P＜0.05);治疗第1周期、第2周期和第3周期后,2组同时间点比较,观察组患者MAS评分和10MWT均明显低于对照组(均P＜0.05),FMA评分明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论: 重复BTX-A注射治疗联合综合康复训练可持续改善患者的下肢痉挛程度及运动功能;治疗前表现为前倾步态模式并佩戴踝足矫形器行走的患者经BTX-A治疗联合综合康复训练后有望丢弃支具独立行走。     

肉毒毒素A对肌肉痉挛患者功能康复的作用

目的：探讨A型肉毒毒素（botulinum toxin type A，BTX—A）对上运动神经元损伤后肢体肌肉痉挛的治疗价值及其剂量影响。方法：选择48例上运动神经元损伤患者采用肉毒毒素A电刺激引导下局部肌肉注射治疗肌痉挛，其中把小腿三头肌、肱二头肌、屈指肌随机分成高低两个剂量组，观察剂量不同对疗效的影响，同时对所有患者制订注射后的目标，观察其达标情况。结果：肉毒毒素A注射后肌肉张力明显降低（P〈0．05），但在小腿三头肌、肱二头肌及屈指肌群中均未发现明显的量效关系，各配对大小剂量组肌张力评分差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；患者功能显著改善，康复目标总达标率为70．4％，肉毒毒素对上肢的粗大运动及下肢的步行功能的改善效果明显，而对手的精细活动功能的恢复效果欠佳。结论：肉毒毒素A对缓解上运动神经元损伤后的肢体肌肉痉挛，提高其生活自理能力及运动功能疗效显著，肉毒毒素作用的量效关系尚有待确认.     

Regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion from trigeminal nerve cells by botulinum toxin type A: implications for migraine therapy

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of botulinum toxin type A on calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion from cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons. BACKGROUND: The ability of botulinum toxins to cause muscle paralysis by blocking acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction is well known. Previous studies and clinical observations have failed to demonstrate sensory changes related to botulinum toxins or the disease of botulism. Recent studies, however, have suggested that botulinum toxin type A injected into pericranial muscles may have a prophylactic benefit in migraine. This observation has renewed the debate of a mechanism of sensory inhibition mediated by botulinum toxin type A. METHODS: Primary cultures of rat trigeminal ganglia were utilized to determine whether botulinum toxin type A could directly decrease the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide, a neuropeptide involved in the underlying pathophysiology of migraine. Untreated cultures or cultures stimulated with a depolarizing stimulus (potassium chloride) or capsaicin, an agent known to activate sensory C fibers, were treated for 3, 6, or 24 hours with clinically effective doses of botulinum toxin type A or a control vehicle. The amount of calcitonin gene-related peptide secreted into the culture media following the various treatments was determined using a specific radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: A high percentage (greater than 90%) of the trigeminal ganglia neurons present in 1- to 3-day-old cultures was shown to express calcitonin gene-related peptide. Treatment with depolarizing stimuli (potassium chloride), a mixture of inflammatory agents, or capsaicin caused a marked increase (4- to 5-fold) in calcitonin gene-related peptide released from the trigeminal neurons. Interestingly, overnight treatment of trigeminal ganglia cultures with therapeutic concentrations of botulinum toxin type A (1.6 or 3.1 units) did not affect the amount of calcitonin gene-related peptide released from these neurons. The stimulated release of calcitonin gene-related peptide following chemical depolarization with potassium chloride or activation with capsaicin, however, was greatly repressed by the botulinum toxin, but not by the control vehicle. A similar inhibitory effect of overnight treatment with botulinum toxin type A was observed with 1.6 and 3.1 units. These concentrations of botulinum toxin type A are well within or below the range of tissue concentration easily achieved with a local injection. Incubation of the cultures with toxin for 24, 6, or even 3 hours was very effective at repressing stimulated calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion when compared to control values. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide the first evidence that botulinum toxin type A can directly decrease the amount of calcitonin gene-related peptide released from trigeminal neurons. The results suggest that the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of migraine may be due, in part, to its ability to repress calcitonin gene-related peptide release from activated sensory neurons.     

A型肉毒毒素治疗对脑卒中患者踝阵挛及步行功能的影响

目的:观察超声引导下A型肉毒毒素治疗对脑卒中患者踝阵挛及下肢功能运动功能的疗效。方法:43例脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组(n=22)和对照组(n=21)。两组常规治疗相同,治疗组在超声引导下将A型肉毒毒素400U注射入腓肠肌、比目鱼肌及胫后肌;对照组给予巴氯芬30mg/d治疗。两组患者分别于治疗前和治疗2周后采用踝阵挛分级法、Biodex步行测试仪分别对患者进行评估。结果:两组患者一般资料差异无显著性意义。治疗前两组患者的踝阵挛分级、步速、健侧步长、患侧步长、健侧/患侧步长比、健侧步行所占时间比和患侧步行所占比差异无显著性意义。与对照组相比,治疗2周后,治疗组患者的踝阵挛分级、步速、健侧步长、患侧步长、健侧/患侧步长比、健侧步行所占时间比和患侧步行所占比分别为均有改善,差异均有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:与口服巴氯芬相比,短期内,A型肉毒毒素能更好地减轻踝阵挛,提高步速,改善患者步行质量。     

A型肉毒素联合复方倍他米松治疗增生性瘢痕患者的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探究A型肉毒素联合复方倍他米松治疗增生性瘢痕患者的临床效果.方法 此次的117例研究对象均于我院收治的增生性瘢痕患者中选取,选例时间为2019年6月至2020年12月,将其分为对照组(58例)和观察组(59例),分组主要依据随机数字表法统一进行.对照组患者予以复方倍他米松注射液,观察组患者在对照组的基础上予以注射...     

A型肉毒毒素联合重复经颅磁刺激对脑卒中后下肢痉挛状态的疗效观察

目的:观察A型肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin type A,BTX-A)注射联合重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,r TMS)对脑卒中后下肢肌肉痉挛状态的长期疗效和安全性。方法:共选取80例脑卒中患者,均伴有下肢肌肉痉挛,随机分为常规治疗组、常规治疗+BTX-A治疗组、常规治疗+r TMS治疗组、常规治疗+BTX-A+r TMS治疗组,每组各20例患者。常规治疗组(A组)采用各种常规康复训练方法;常规治疗+BTX-A组(B组)的患者除了进行常规康复治疗外,还对下肢痉挛肌肉进行BTX-A注射;常规治疗+r TMS治疗组(C组)则除了常规康复训练,还进行r TMS治疗;而常规治疗+BTX-A+r TMS组(D组)除了进行常规康复治疗及注射BTX-A外,还给予患者r TMS治疗。治疗前和治疗后4周、8周和12周分别进行肌张力、下肢运动功能及ADL能力评定。结果:1肌张力变化情况:4组患者治疗4周后,与治疗前相比,肌张力均有不同程度降低(P0.05),8周后,A组肌张力有所回升,而B组、C组以及D组未见明显回升;12周时,A组肌张力进一步增加,与此同时,B组也有所回升,而C组与D组仍与8周时无显著差异,同时D组肌张力显著低于其余3组(P0.05)。2运动及ADL能力变化情况:4组患者治疗4周后,运动功能和ADL能力均有所改善(P0.05)。8周后,A组患者的运动功能及ADL能力再次出现下降,而其余3组患者未见下降;而12周时,与8周时相比,B组也出现下降,C组与8周时相比无明显变化,而D组则有进一步改善并优于其余3组(P0.05)。结论:A型肉毒毒素联合重复经颅磁刺激可以较持久地降低患者肌张力,也能够有效地提高患者的运动功能和ADL能力,为临床治疗脑卒中患者提供了新的思路。     

A型肉毒毒素抑制大鼠胃平滑肌收缩的放射免疫测定

目的:在胃肌层注射A型肉毒毒素(botulinumtoxintypeA,BTX-A)后,P物质(substanceP,SP)是否参与BTX-A抑制胃平滑肌收缩调节,尤其是局部短期变化,并探讨BTX-A的作用与SP的关系,为临床疗效提供新思路。方法:健康雄性Wistar大鼠14只,随机分为BTX-A组及对照组,在胃体前壁与幽门部交界线中点平滑肌内注射BTX-A5U(25U/ml),或者生理盐水0.2ml;注射3min后切取局部前壁组织行放射免疫测定。结果:胃前壁注射区局限性膨出,逐渐加剧;未见蠕动波/收缩波通过局部。从切取待测的胃前壁侧面观:厚度与周围比较无明显界限,但皱襞减少、变浅。BTX-A组SP平均含量较对照组低39%(P<0.05)。结论:经腹腔在胃前壁注射BTX-A后,不但阻碍了局部粘膜下神经丛或者肌间神经丛突触前膜乙酰胆碱释放,而且也抑制了SP,导致胃平滑肌收缩功能障碍。