一种新型线性手性聚（联萘酚-炔）的合成及其在Et2Zn不对称醛加成反应中的应用（英文）

(S)-5,5’-二溴-6,6’-二(4-三氟甲基苯基)-2,2’-联萘酚与(S)-5,5’-二乙炔基-6,6’-二丁基-2,2’-二丁氧基-1,1’-联萘酚通过Pd催化的Sonogashira反应合成了一种新的手性线性高分子聚合物,研究了这种高分子在Et2Zn不对称醛加成反应中的应用.结果表明这种高分子在Ti(OiPr)4的存在条件下展示了良好的反应活性.而且,这种高分子配体在循环利用10次后可仍然保持较好的活性.     

含多个光学活性联萘和联萘酚配体的合成与不对称加成异构选择性研究

单体(S)-6,6’-二溴-1,1’-联萘酚(S-M-1),(R)-6,6’-二溴-1,1’-联萘酚(R-M-1),(S)-3,3’-二碘-1,1’-联萘酚(S-M-2),(R)-3,3’-二碘-1,1’-联萘酚(R-M-2)分别与(S)-2,2’-二正辛氧基-1,1’-联萘-6,6’-二硼酸(S-M-3), 在钯催化下, 通过Suzuki交叉耦合反应合成手性高分子P-1, P-2, P-3与P-4。归于高分子主链扭曲非平面结构和高分子侧链上引入正辛氧基后使得手性高分子在常规有机溶剂中有较大的溶解性。分析结果表明S-S手性高分子P-1和P-3比旋光值和圆二色谱信号均比S-R手性高分子P-2和P-4要大，但它们紫外和荧光光谱几乎相似。四个手性高分子对二乙基锌与苯甲醛不对称加成异构选择性表明手性高分子不对称催化活性中心是高分子主链中的(S)或(R)-1,1’-联萘酚单元。     

葡萄糖及半乳糖衍生的手性双膦-铑(Ⅰ)配合物催化苯乙烯不对称氢甲酰化反应

合成了四个从葡萄糖及半乳糖衍生的手性芳基双膦配体,制备了手性双膦-铑(Ⅰ)配合物催化剂,并将其用于苯乙烯不对称氢甲酰化反应中.结果表明,葡萄糖骨架手性中心与联萘基之间有协同作用,对映体过量值和转化率受配体C-4骨架立体中心的绝对构型影响,而产物的绝对构型则主要由联萘单元控制;配体4-双{[(S)-1,1′-联萘基-2,2′-双基]-磷}-苯基-3,6-脱水-β-D-葡萄糖的吡喃糖苷基和联萘基的匹配组合,给出41%的对映体选择性和74∶26(异构/正构)区域选择性.     

螺旋聚[(S)-3-(二苯羟甲基)-3′-乙烯基-2,2'-二羟基-1,1'-联萘]的合成、光学性质及其在杂-Diels-Alder反应中的不对称诱导

合成了一种基于联萘酚的新型手性单体,(S)-3-(二苯羟甲基)-3'-3-乙烯基-2,2'-二羟基-1,1'-联萘(5).通过由偶氮异丁腈(AIBN)引发的自由基聚合得到聚[(S)-3-(二苯羟甲基)-3'-3-乙烯基-2,2'-二羟基-1,1'-联萘](P-5),旋光、紫外-可见光谱、圆二色谱表征结果表明P-5以单手性螺旋结构的形式存在于溶液中.考察了螺旋齐聚物P-5在催化苯甲醛与Danishefsky双烯烃的杂-Diels-Alder(HDA)反应中的不对称诱导作用,所得加和产物的ee值达71%,P-5可以被回收重复使用而保持催化活性不变.     

新型手性季鏻盐的合成

以(S)-联萘酚为原料,与三氟甲磺酸酐反应制得联萘酚三氟甲磺酸酯(2);2在Ni(dppp)Cl2催化下与碘甲烷格氏试剂反应得2,2’-二甲基联萘(3);3经溴代反应得2,2’-二溴甲基联萘4;4与1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙烷(dppp)在甲苯中回流合成了一个新型的联萘酚衍生的双中心手性季鏻盐,其结构经1H NMR,31P NMR和FT-IR表征。     

(S)-5,5'-二氨基-2,2'-双二苯基膦基-1,1'-联萘的绿色合成

以2,2'-双二苯基磷基-1,1'-联萘[(S)-1]为原料,与H2O2经氧化反应制得(S)-2,2'-双二苯基磷氧基-1,1'-联萘[(S)-2];(S)-2经酸性树脂催化硝化制得(S)-5,5'-二硝基-2,2'-双二苯基磷氧基-1,1'-联萘[(S)-3)];(S)-3经Pd/C催化硝基氢化还原制得(S)-5,5'-二氨基-2,2'-双二苯基磷氧基-1,1'-联萘[(S)-4];(S)-4经HSi Cl3/PPh3还原制得(S)-5,5'-二氨基-2,2'-双二苯基膦基-1,1'-联萘,总产率65.6%,其结构经1H NMR,31P NMR和IR确证。     

辐不对称联芳香化合物的研究1,用2-氨基丁醇-1-拆分磷酸-氢-1,1'-联-2,2'-萘酯

本文用光学活性2-氨基丁醇-1(3)作拆分剂,对(±)-磷酸-氢-1,1'-联-2,2'-萘酯(2)进行拆分。用(+)-3或(-)-3中的任一种化合物作为拆分剂,都能在乙醇-乙酸乙酯混合溶剂中通过分步结晶法,一次拆分得到两个高旋光纯度的2对映异构体,拆分得率分别为68%和51%。光活性2经LiAlH4还原可得高产率(97%)的光活性1,1'-联-2-萘酚,构型不变。     

铜(Ⅱ)-酪氨酸乙酯络合物催化-锅法合成S-(-)-1,1'-联萘-2,2'-二酚

利用"一锅法",以L-酩氨酸乙酯为原料和铜(Ⅱ)反应生成络合物,不对称催化氧化偶合2-萘酚合成S-(-)-1,1'-联萘-2,2'-二酚,选择最佳反应条件,可使化学产率达到67%,光学产率达到62%.     

轴不对称联芳香化合物的研究——1.用2-氨基丁醇-1拆分磷酸-氢-1,1′-联-2,2′-萘酯

本文用光学活性2-氨基丁醇-1(3)作拆分剂,对(±)-磷酸一氢-1,1＇-联-2,2＇-萘酯(2)进行拆分。用(+)-3或(-)-3中的任一种化合物作为拆分剂,都能在乙醇-乙酸乙酯混合溶剂中通过分步结晶法,一次拆分得到两个高旋光纯度的2对映异构体,拆分得率分別为68%和51%。光活性2经LiAIH_4还原可得高产率(97%)的光活性1,1＇-联-2-萘酚,构型不变。     

多重氢键自组装联萘酚和含氮化合物

作为相互识别的结果,(±)-2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联萘酚可与4,4′,6,6′-四甲基-2,2′-联嘧啶、1,2-双(4-吡啶)乙烷、反式-1,2-双(4-吡啶)乙烯、4,4′-联吡啶-N,N′-双氧化物及双-2-吡啶基甲酮等多种含氮化合物分别形成外形良好的共晶化合物1,2,3,4及5.本文对5个共晶化合物的晶体...     

NiY分子筛表面酸性影响其选择性吸附脱硫性能的机理研究

采用原位红外光谱技术,以噻吩、环己烯和苯为模型探针分子,分别考察单一烃分子在NiY分子筛上的吸附与反应行为以及噻吩与烯烃、芳烃间的竞争吸附和催化反应行为。单一探针分子吸附研究发现,NiY分子筛中与Ni物种相关的Lewis(L)酸位是噻吩的选择性吸附活性位;噻吩和环己烯在NiY分子筛中Brnsted(B)酸位上发生的质子化和低聚反应明显弱于HY分子筛。双探针分子竞争吸附研究发现,环己烯二聚体在NiY中强B酸位上的强化学吸附与噻吩存在显著的竞争吸附行为。另外,苯和噻吩在NiY上的竞争吸附现象在373K时明显减弱。由此,在选择性吸附脱硫过程中,减少吸附剂表面B酸中心可降低烯烃对噻吩的竞争吸附,另外适当提高吸附体系的温度可以有效避免芳烃对噻吩的竞争吸附。     

The effect of structural characteristics of porous hydrophobized electrodes on selectivity of electrolysis of organic substances

A theoretical study of the effect of the electrode structure on the electrosynthesis in hydrophobized electrodes (HPE) for a case of further electrochemical conversion of the target product is performed by the example of nitromethane electroreduction to methyl hydroxylamine followed by its reduction to methylamine. The effect of the electrode structure on the selectivity of electrosynthesis in HPE was shown to be related to the effective diffusivity and conductivity.     

Effect of pretreatment of molasses and posttreatment of fermented broth in industrial production of ethanol

The aim of preclarification is to minimize sludge going to yeast separators. This purpose is partially fulfilled. However, it has been measured during the plant trial runs that preclarification does not noticeably improve fermentation. The aim of postclarification is to minimize sludge going to distillation. This purpose is well served as noted from the fact that cycle run of distillation columns using postclarification is three times longer (9–12 mo) as compared to the normal one (3–4 mo).     

Possibilities of determination of alteration degree of rocks by thermogravimetry

Rhyolite-rhyodacite tuff samples were analysed by X-ray powder diffraction, ICP-OES and thermogravimetric (TG) methods to determine mineral and major element composition as well as different types of bound water, respectively. Similarly to CIA values, some TG parameters (H₂O[I] — water released up to ca. 200–220°C; H₂O[III] — water loss above 500–550°C and H₂O[I+III]) show positive correlation to the amount of secondary minerals. Moreover, these parameters are in close positive correlation to CIA values. Our results suggest that TG determination of different types of bound water may serve as a useful tool for estimation and characterisation of alteration degree of rocks.     

Assignment of the absolute configuration of blasticidin A and revision of that of aflastatin A

The absolute configuration of blasticidin A, a strong inhibitor of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus, was assigned by adding the data of relative configurations at its diol and pentaol moieties to previously known stereochemistry. Similarity of the NMR data of blasticidin A to those of aflastatin A allowed us to revise the stereochemistry of the diol and pentaol moieties of aflastatin A.     

两种含杂环的氨基萘醌化合物的合成

以2,3-二氯-1,4-萘醌为主要原料,分别与吗啡啉和糠胺在一定条件下反应生成2种含杂环的氨基萘醌类化合物。2,3-二氯-1,4-萘醌与吗啡啉及2,3-二氯-1,4-萘醌与糠胺物质的量比均为1∶2,反应温度为60℃,溶剂为乙醇。2,3-二氯-1,4-萘醌与吗啡啉反应时间为1 h,产物2-氯-3-吗啡啉基萘-1,4-二酮(a)收率为93.5%;2,3-二氯-1,4-萘醌与糠胺反应时间为4 h,产物N~2,N~3-二(2-呋喃甲基)-1,4-二((2-呋喃甲基)亚胺)-1,4-二氢化萘-2,3-二氯化铵(d)收率为46.7%。对产物进行IR、Uv、MS和H-NMR等分析表征。     

Synthesis of a Pair of Derivatives of N-Methylpyrrole Polyamide

A pair of derivatives of tetrameric N-methylpyrrole polyamide were synthesized in order to develop a new method for the study of interaction of the polyamide derivatives with DNA. Indole acetic acid and nicotinic acid were introduced to the polyamide in the synthesized compound, which showed an expected red shift in the UV spectrum. These compounds may function as a potential tool in the detection of the polyamide binding to DNA.     

Study of the solid-state hydrolysis of chitosan in presence of HCl

Chemical depolymerization of chitosan was obtained in the solid state by means of gaseous HCl. This new method allowed us to simultaneously form the hydrochloric salt and saturate the hydration water with acid. The depolymerization was carried out by keeping the product at a given temperature for the desired time. The measurements of the molecular weight distributions demonstrated the ability to control the reaction and produce oligomers with chosen dimensions. This solid-state hydrolysis favors the presence of a four-fold distribution that can be related to the original morphology and crystallinity of the initial material. The effects of the hydrolysis on the crystallinity, the crystalline structure, and the supramolecular order of the obtained chitosans were also studied. Finally, the washing of the hydrolyzed products in concentrated alkaline or acidic media allowed us to eliminate the lowest DPs and thus to narrow the molecular weight distribution. In this case, the crystallinity was also increased up to values beyond 70%. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3181–3191, 1997     

Optimization of the Hydrolysis of Freshwater Polysaccharides

Abstract

Three techniques of acid hydrolysis are verified for their ability to efficiently hydrolyse freshwater polysaccharides. Polysaccharides isolated from two eutrophic lakes were hydrolysed rapidly as compared to model or marine polysaccharides. No single technique is 100% satisfactory for all polysaccharides (i.e. complete hydrolysis with no degradation). Hydrolysis by 0.1 M HCl appeared to give the best results while acceptable results were also obtained for 1.2 M H₂SO₄. The results suggest that it is prudent to hydrolyse freshwater polysaccharides under the least drastic conditions and for as short of a time as possible in order to minimize decomposition of the sample, (esp. uronic acids). Interferences due to humic acid; did not appear to increase as a function of hydrolysis time.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.