混合菌种制备发酵鱼肉香肠的研究

研究了乳酸菌、葡萄球菌和酵母菌混合菌种制备发酵鱼肉香肠的加工工艺.筛选出具有良好发酵性能的混合菌种和配比(杆菌B265∶球菌C116∶酵母菌0408为1∶2∶2),并通过单因素实验、Plackett-Burman实验和正交实验对发酵鱼肉香肠的工艺参数进行了显著性分析和优化,得出发酵鱼肉香肠的最佳工艺条件为:盐含量2％、糖含量2％、玉米淀粉含量8％、发酵温度37℃.文章进一步研究了混合菌种联合发酵对鱼肉香肠产品质量的影响,与未发酵的鱼肉香肠相比,发酵鱼肉香肠的油脂氧化和腐败变质得到延缓,鱼肉中氨基酸等小分子物质的含量增加,表明本发酵工艺有助于提高鱼肉香肠的营养价值和保藏性能.     

草鱼鱼肉肠质构性质的影响因素研究

研究了鸡蛋清、玉米淀粉、植物油对草鱼鱼肉肠白度、凝胶破裂强度、凝胶强度和弹性的影响,发现向鱼肉肠中添加适量的鸡蛋清、玉米淀粉和植物油都能增加产品的白度、凝胶强度和弹性,而添加15%的玉米淀粉可以使鱼肉肠的弹性和凝胶强度增加约1倍。以鱼肉肠凝胶强度为质构指标,确定制备鱼肉肠的辅料添加量为:15%的玉米淀粉,3%的鸡蛋清,1%的植物油。     

响应面法优化富含鱼骨钙低温鱼肉香肠配方

通过响应面法对富含鱼骨钙低温鱼肉香肠配方进行优化。采用单因素实验,探究食盐、鱼骨粉及玉米淀粉对富含鱼骨钙低温鱼肉香肠质构特性、感官品质和蒸煮损失的影响。在此基础上,进行Box-Behnken响应曲面设计,通过响应面试验确定三种添加剂最佳添加量为:食盐2.5%、鱼骨粉1.5%、玉米淀粉6%,按照此优化配方制作的产品表面紧致,切面光滑无气泡,鱼肉香味浓厚,感官评分为88.55分,蒸煮损失率为3.51%,与模型预测值吻合率分别达到99.49%和98.86%,为进一步研究开发鱼肉香肠提供了一定的理论数据支持。     

鹰嘴豆粉添加量对低温鱼肉香肠品质特性的影响

为开发富含膳食纤维的低温鱼肉香肠,以鹰嘴豆粉、草鱼肉为实验材料,设计单因素试验,研究不同添加量鹰嘴豆粉对鱼肉香肠质构、色泽、凝胶强度、持水率及蒸煮损失率等品质特性的影响。结果表明：添加鹰嘴豆粉对鱼肉香肠的质构特性、色泽、凝胶强度及保水性均产生影响,鹰嘴豆粉添加量0%～10%时,鱼肉香肠的硬度、咀嚼性、凝胶强度和持水率出现先上升后下降趋势,其中鹰嘴豆粉添加量6%时达到最大值,而蒸煮损失率、亮度值和白度显著减小（P＜0.05）,鹰嘴豆粉添加量大于6%时蒸煮损失率下降趋于平缓。综上可知,鹰嘴豆粉可以影响低温鱼肉香肠食用品质,在鹰嘴豆粉添加量为6%时,各项指标均趋于理想范围,因此鹰嘴豆粉的最佳添加量为6%。鱼肉香肠中添加适量鹰嘴豆粉不仅能改善香肠品质,还能赋予鱼肉香肠鹰嘴豆特有风味。     

水分含量对冻结金线鱼肉香肠品质的影响

为考察水分含量对冻结金线鱼肉香肠品质影响,将水分质量分数分别为76%、78%、80%、82%、84%的金线鱼肉香肠在－20 ℃条件下冻结,并以4 ℃冷藏样品为对照组,以冻结曲线、解冻损失、持水性、水分分布及存在状态、质构特性、微观结构、感官评价作为评定指标。结果显示：在－20 ℃冻结条件下,随着金线鱼肉香肠水分含量的增加,冻结点升高,解冻损失增大。鱼肉香肠的持水性、质构特性及感官评价均随着水分含量的增加而下降,不易流动水转变为自由水,凝胶网络结构对水分的束缚能力减弱,微观结构松散多孔,且－20 ℃冻结的金线鱼肉香肠各指标低于4 ℃冷藏组。表明降低冻结金线鱼肉香肠的水分含量可提高鱼肠的品质。     

高淀粉含量对鱼肉重组制品弹性和白度的影响

为研究小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉对鱼肉重组制品弹性和白度的影响.以小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉的添加量为因素.弹性为考察指标做单因素和正交试验,得出试验工艺条件为小麦淀粉20%、玉米淀粉16%、马铃薯淀粉18%.与传统的15%淀粉添加量进行对照试验.结果表明,以上淀粉添加量的鱼肉重组制品在白度和弹性上都比传统的鱼肉重组制品高.     

淀粉类对低温乳化香肠品质的影响

以鸡肉和猪肉为主要原料,采用肥瘦肉分离斩拌法制备低温乳化香肠,研究原淀粉及其变性淀粉对低温乳化香肠保水保油性、质构和感官品质的影响。结果表明:在7种淀粉中,添加原淀粉如玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉的乳化肠保水保油性最差,而添加玉米交联酯化淀粉和木薯交联淀粉(SH50)的乳化香肠的保水保油性最好;对低温乳化香肠质构改善作用最优的为木薯交联淀粉(SH50),其次为玉米交联酯化淀粉、马铃薯醋酸酯化淀粉(P0170)、木薯醋酸酯化淀粉(T0170)、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、复合变性淀粉(DURAT010)。添加木薯交联淀粉(SH50)的乳化香肠感官评分最高。     

玉米淀粉凝胶化动力学

用动态DSC方法测定了玉米淀粉凝胶化的动力学参数。实验是在王米淀粉与水的质量比为1:1条件下进行的.并且用实验证实了吸热峰温与淀粉和水的质量比无影响。在温度低于68.1℃时,得出一个凝胶化速度与温度的关系,求得了相应的活化能指数前因子;在温度高于68.1℃时,得出了另一个凝胶化速度与温度的关系,得到了相应的活化能及指数前因子。作者认为,王米淀粉凝胶化过程中,淀粉团粒的非晶相区凝胶化时,对晶相区的凝胶化有促进作用。是一个“半协同”过程。     

玉米淀粉在离子液体中流变学特性的研究

利用动态流变仪研究了玉米淀粉溶解在离子液体1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([OMIM]Cl)中的流变学特性。结果表明:淀粉浓度4%、6%、8%的玉米淀粉-OMIMCl混合液均为非牛顿假塑性流体。淀粉浓度2%的玉米淀粉-OMIMCl混合液,其流体类型随温度的变化而改变。玉米淀粉在离子液体与水溶液中的溶胀方式比较相似。样品混合液的表观粘度随温度的升高而下降,随淀粉浓度的增加而增大。Arrhenius模型对混合液的流变特性具有较高的拟合度(R~20.9942)。在实验条件下,玉米淀粉-OMIMCl混合液不同程度地表现出了剪切稀化特性,且淀粉浓度越大,剪切稀化的程度越明显。     

玉米淀粉及川明参添加量对川明参香肠品质的影响研究

以猪肉为主要原料,在传统四川风味香肠的加工工艺基础上,考察分别添加2%、4%、6%、8%、10%的玉米淀粉以及6%、8%、10%、12%、14%的川明参粉对川明参香肠的化学组成、质构特性和感官评价的影响。结果表明:淀粉及川明参粉添加量对香肠质构特性中的硬度、弹性、凝胶性影响显著(P<0.05),对品质特性中的持水率和蒸煮率影响显著(P<0.05),对蛋白质含量、pH影响不显著(P>0.05)。当玉米淀粉添加量为6%、川明参粉添加量为10%时,香肠的质构和感官品质较好,为香肠的标准化和工业化生产提供了理论参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press