艾滋病合并马红球菌肺部感染影像学表现

目的探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)合并马红球菌肺部感染的影像学表现.资料与方法回顾性分析6例临床确诊的 AIDS 合并马红球菌肺部感染患者的影像资料,其中5例行胸部 CT 平扫,1例加做胸部增强扫描;1例行 DR 胸部正侧位摄片.结果6例患者影像学表现呈多样性,其中2例表现为单一结节肿块影,1例为斑片渗出影,3例合并浸润实变影、斑片状模糊影.6例中出现结节及团块实变影4例,空洞2例;斑片状渗出影4例,间质样改变2例,支气管扩张3例,纵隔淋巴结肿大2例,肺门淋巴结肿大1例,胸膜腔积液3例.结论结节肿块影、浸润实变影伴空洞、斑片状模糊影是 AIDS合并马红球菌肺部感染的常见影像表现.     

艾滋病合并肺部卡波西肉瘤的CT表现

【摘要】目的：探讨艾滋病合并肺部卡波西肉瘤的CT表现及特征。方法：回顾性分析19例艾滋病合并肺部卡波西肉瘤患者的临床及胸部CT表现。结果：19例艾滋病合并肺部卡波西肉瘤患者中,发现双肺内多发结节影16例,多发斑片状实变影8例;其中肺内结节影均沿支气管血管束分布。双肺支气管血管束增厚9例,同时合并小叶间隔增厚。纵隔淋巴结肿大10例,9例发现少量胸水,均累及双侧胸腔。19例患者均未发现病变累及段以上支气管内壁。17例患者发现卡波西肉瘤时,体内CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数低于100个/UL。结论：艾滋病合并肺部卡波西肉瘤患者胸部CT表现以双肺各叶多发结节影和斑片状实变影多见,肺内结节影多沿支气管血管束分布;斑片状实变影形态多不规则,类似火焰状为其特征性改变。     

AIDS患者肺部机遇性感染的影像表现分析

目的探讨AIDS患者常见肺部机遇性感染影像表现。方法收集2005年1月至2006年8月23例AIDS病合并肺部感染患者的胸部X线片及CT片,结合临床进行分析总结。结果合并肺结核13例,细菌性肺炎3例,肺部影像表现与普通肺结核、肺炎相似;卡氏肺囊虫肺炎（PCP）7例,主要表现为两肺弥漫分布斑片状、网格状、结节状影或磨玻璃样改变。结论肺部感染是AIDS病患者晚期的主要机遇性感染,影像表现对卡氏肺囊虫肺炎的诊断有重要意义。     

艾滋病合并肺结核与单纯肺结核胸部CT表现差异探讨

目的 :探讨艾滋病(AIDS)合并肺结核与单纯肺结核胸部CT表现差异,以提高对AIDS合并肺结核的诊疗水平。方法:收集35例AIDS合并肺结核患者的临床及影像资料,并与同期收治的35例单纯肺结核患者CT表现比较。结果:2组发生在双肺下叶比例差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胸部CT表现以实变、融合斑片影多见,且纵隔淋巴结肿大及胸腔积液多见,与单纯肺结核CT表现比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。2组表现为单纯空洞者少见。结论:AIDS合并肺结核及单纯肺结核胸部CT表现存在差异,临床及影像医师应高度重视,以提高该病早期诊断率。     

艾滋病患者肺部疾病的影像学诊断

目的分析艾滋病患者肺部疾病的影像学特征,并评价其在鉴别诊断中的意义。方法 12例经临床证实的艾滋病患者肺部疾病,包括卡氏肺囊虫感染7例,卡波氏肉瘤2例,肺结核2例,以及真菌感染1例,均经胸部X线检查,8例又经胸部CT扫描,对所有患者的影像表现进行了回顾性分析。结果 7例卡氏肺囊虫感染表现为双肺弥漫性病变,呈网状合并斑片状、结节状及磨玻璃样影,2例卡波氏肉瘤表现为直径小于等于1cm的结节影,沿支气管血管分布,伴小叶间隔增厚或淋巴结肿大,2例肺结核表现为血行播散型和浸润型各1例,1例真菌感染表现为肺内结节伴空洞形成及空洞内结节与气体半月征。结论胸部X线与CT检查在艾滋病患者各种肺部疾病的鉴别诊断中起重要作用。     

AIDS合并免疫重建炎性综合征肺结核感染的胸部CT表现

目的 分析获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者经过高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)后发生免疫重建炎性综合征(IRIS)肺结核感染的胸部CT表现特点.方法 回顾性分析30例经高效抗逆转录病毒治疗后发生IRIS的AIDS患者的胸部CT图像及临床资料探讨其特征性表现.结果 30例患者中肺内出现弥漫性病变伴结节影20例,出现肺内结节影、条片影17例,粟粒性肺结核15例,纵隔、肺门淋巴结肿大10例,胸腔积液15例,心包积液10例. 结论 两肺弥漫病变伴粟粒样结节影是AIDS发生IRIS结核病感染最显著的胸部CT影像表现特点,可伴或不伴淋巴结肿大或胸腔积液或心包积液.     

AIDS与非AIDS患者肺毛霉菌病影像表现对比分析

目的:探讨AIDS与非AIDS患者肺毛霉菌病影像表现特点。方法:回顾性分析33例肺毛霉菌病患者(AIDS组24例,非AIDS组9例)胸部X线及CT(常规CT扫描和薄层CT扫描)影像表现。结果:肺毛霉菌病的常见征象有肺纹理增粗、肺内斑片状渗出性病灶、双肺多发粟粒样结节影、磨玻璃样密度影、肺气囊、肺门和纵隔淋巴结肿大、胸腔积液等。其中非AIDS组肺内多发渗出性病灶的发生率(9例,100%)高于AIDS组(14例,58.3%),两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.032);双肺多发粟粒样结节影则更多见于AIDS组(9例,37.5%),非AIDS组未见此征象(0例),两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.039)。结论:肺毛霉菌病的影像表现多种多样;肺毛霉菌病在非AIDS组中以肺部渗出性改变最为常见,在AIDS组中则以双肺多发粟粒样结节影为特点。     

肾移植术后卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎X线平片和CT表现

目的 探讨肾移植术后卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的X线、CT表现特征.资料与方法 对6例经病理证实肾移植术后卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎患者的胸部X线平片(6例)和CT资料(5例)进行回顾性分析.结果 6例X线平片中,3例双肺呈弥漫性磨玻璃阴影,3例呈斑片状、网状结节影;1例合并气胸.5例CT检查中,主要表现为肺部磨玻璃影,间以线状、条状及网状小结节影;4例胸膜下见"月弓征",3例见肺气囊;合并肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大3例,合并气胸l例.结论 卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎影像学表现呈多样性,CT对其诊断较X线平片敏感,最后确诊仍需病理.     

艾滋病合并非结核分枝杆菌肺病的胸部影像表现

目的 探讨艾滋病合并非结核性分枝杆菌肺病的胸部影像表现.方法 10例艾滋病合并非结核性分枝杆菌肺病患者均行胸部X线检查,其中7例行胸部HRCT检查.结果 10例患者X线胸片显示:9例有明显病变,1例只有轻微病变;6例为双肺受累,4例为单肺受累(其中右肺3例,左肺1例);其中5例为大面积实变并空洞形成(4例伴对侧肺野散发病灶).在病变形态上有斑片状渗出实变(6例)、大片状(叶、段分布)实变(5例)、空洞(5例)、小结节病灶(3例)、粟粒病灶(2例)、纤维索条(1例).7例患者HRCT显示:斑片状渗出实变(7例)、小结节病灶(6例)、大面积(肺叶、段)实变(5例)及随实变吸收消散而出现的空洞、支气管扩张(各5例),纵隔淋巴结肿大(4例),磨玻璃密度影(3例),粟粒病灶及树芽征(各2例),胸腔积液、心包积液、纤维索条(各1例).结论 大面积实变合并空洞、结节病灶、支气管扩张及纵隔和肺门淋巴结肿大是艾滋病合并非结核性分枝杆菌肺病的胸部影像特点.     

艾滋病合并肺毛霉菌病的胸部影像表现

目的 探讨艾滋病(MDS)合并肺毛霉菌病的胸部影像表现.方法 回顾性分析13例艾滋病合并肺毛霉菌病的X线胸片+胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现.结果 13例患者X线胸片中5例出现肺内浸润性病灶,7例呈网织纹理,4例见胸腔积液,4例出现肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大.3例见粟粒病变,3例见结节状肿块影,2例呈磨玻璃密度影(GGO),2例见肺气囊,内含结节的空洞、胸膜增厚、心包积液及局限性气胸各1例.13例患者HRCT发现7例见纵隔淋巴结增大,7例见小叶间隔增厚,6例出现肺内浸润性病灶,5例见粟粒病变(其中1例可见胸膜下小结节),4例见胸腔积液,3例见结节状肿块影,可见GGO、多发肺气囊及树芽征各2例,空洞(内含结节的空洞)、胸膜增厚、局段支气管扩张、心包积液及局限性气胸各1例.结论 AIDS合并肺毛霉菌病常见的胸部影像表现为:肺粟粒病变、纵隔淋巴结增大、网织纹理(小叶间隔增厚)、肺内多发的浸润性病灶、胸腔积液及结节状肿块影.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme     

改进的定位技术在胸部肿瘤穿刺活检中的应用

目的：探索CT-SIM三维定位系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引定位技术在胸部肿瘤经皮穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法：对380例胸部肿瘤患者行改进的CT定位技术下的经皮穿刺活检术。根据肿瘤的大小、深度、毗邻关系、活动度以及患者的心肺功能状态,综合运用CT-SIM系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,为患者进行穿刺前定位。统计穿刺定位时间长度、成功率、确诊率、并发症发生情况,并与210例采用传统铅栅定位下胸部肿瘤穿刺活检的相应资料进行比较。结果：采用改进的CT定位技术的380例患者穿刺定位精确,平均定位时间（9.5 min）较传统方法（16.8 min）缩短7.3 min,活检成功率和确诊率分别是98.7%和95.3%,高于传统定位方法的93.3%和83.3%,两者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。穿刺并发症发生率相似,气胸发生率分别为2.8%和2.9%,咯血发生率分别为11%和12.8%。结论：根据患者状态及肿瘤特点,在CT-SIM系统快速精确定位技术的基础上,综合运用体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,能显著缩短经皮穿刺活检的定位时间,提高活检成功率。