烟草净油的超临界流体技术提取

烟草的特征香气主要是由其所含微量（约１‰左右）不饱和烃类有机物质形成的，这类物质经超纯提取后称为烟草净油。烟草净油不仅能增补各类烟草的特征香气，而且具有透发烟草本香的功效，其作用大大地超过了以往调香使用的各种烟用香料。文章介绍了国内首次研究开发的一项高新技术──—超临界流体分离方法提取烟草净油，同时介绍了这种净油制品在烟草调香中的重要作用。     

超临界流体萃取树苔净油研究

系统研究了超临界CO2 萃取树苔净油的工艺。探讨了萃取压力、温度、时间、夹带剂的用量等因素对树苔净油的品质和净油得率的影响 ,确定的最佳萃取工艺条件为 :萃取压力 1 5～ 1 8MPa ,萃取温度 4 0℃ ,夹带剂流量 2 0～ 3 0mL/h ,二氧化碳流量 2～ 3L/h ,萃取时间 3h。在此条件下萃取 ,树苔净油的得率为 2 .0 3 %。并用所得树苔净油进行了卷烟加香试验。评吸结果表明 :该树苔净油能增加烟香 ,掩盖杂气 ,降低刺激 ,明显提高卷烟的吸味品质。实验得出 3点结论 :①必须加入夹带剂 ,超临界CO2 才能有效地萃取树苔净油 ;②必须在适宜的工艺条件下才能萃取出适宜的烟用树苔净油 ;③树苔净油是一种理想的优质烟用香料。     

烟草的超临界流体萃取

本文介绍了超临界流体萃取的基本原理、过程、特点及其在烟草工业上的应用。     

超临界萃取技术在烟草成分分离中的应用

综述了超临界CO2萃取技术在烟草脱烟碱、提取香味成分及烟草分析中的应用,介绍了夹带剂在烟草超临界萃取中的应用,指出寻找合适的夹带剂是研究超临界萃取烟草有效成分的一个主要发展方向.     

超临界流体萃取芦荟苷的研究

研究了带夹带剂的超临界流体萃取芦荟中芦荟苷的工艺,讨论了萃取条件(温度和压力)、萃取时间等对芦荟苷萃取率的影响。通过正交试验对萃取釜条件(夹带剂用量、萃取温度和压力)进行了优化。结果表明,分离釜的温度和压力、CO2流量等对萃取效率影响较小;最佳工艺条件为:静萃取时间为40 min,动萃取时间为30 min,以乙醇作夹带剂、乙醇用量250 mL/100g芦荟、萃取温度30℃、萃取压力25 MPa。在此条件下萃取量达1.78%。     

超临界流体萃取技术

超临界流体萃取技术概述超临界流体萃取（Ｓｕｐｅｒｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｆｌｕｉｄｅｘ－ｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ简称ＳＦＥ）是根据在临界温度和压力下或临界温度和压力之上利用各种气体来完成。该技术广泛用于从动植物原料中萃取各种物质成分。超临界流体既不是液体也不是气体，...     

超临界CO2流体萃取芦荟大黄素的研究

研究了超临界流体萃取芦荟中的芦荟大黄素的工艺,考察了萃取温度、压力和时间对芦荟大黄素萃取率的影响。结果表明,分离釜的温度、压力和CO2流量对萃取效率影响较小;最佳萃取条件为:静萃取时间为60min、动萃取时间为30 min、萃取压力25 MPa、萃取温度30℃、乙醇用量250 mL/100g,在此条件下芦荟大黄素的萃取量达3.83 mg/100g。     

超临界流体萃取过程参数的优化选择

本文在对超临界流体萃取技术概述的基础上．就影响萃取效率的诸多因素，如预处理方式、萃取温度、压力、CO2流量、萃取时间、夹带剂、分离压力、温度作了系统的综述。有助于更好的组织超临界流体提取实验，获得物料最佳的萃取条件。     

夹带剂在烟草超临界萃取中的应用

介绍了夹带剂在超临界萃取中的应用,对夹带剂的作用机理、选择原则进行了归纳和分析,重点讨论了夹带剂在萃取烟草中烟碱、精油等有效成分中的应用;并指出寻求良好的超临界流体及适宜的夹带剂,针对性地提取烟草有效成分,改善选择性和增加收率,将是研究超临界萃取烟草有效成分的一个主要发展方向     

超临界流体萃取技术及其应用

本文根据国外报道的文献资料、就SCF 萃取技术的原理、特点及其应用作了概述。     

超临界CO2萃取八角茴香油的初步研究

研究了萃取压力、萃取温度和CO2流量对超临界CO2萃取八角茴香油的影响;并采用均匀设计方法,进行了萃取压力、萃取温度和CO2流量3因素5水平的实验,初步确定了超临界CO2萃取八角茴香油最佳条件为:萃取压力35MPa,萃取温度55℃,CO2的流量为21kg/h,在此条件下萃取2h,萃取得油率在13.48g/100g。     

超临界CO2萃取玉米黄色素的研究

系统研究了超临界流体技术(SFE)从玉米蛋白粉中提取玉米黄色素的温度、压力、时间、夹带剂等工艺条件；该提取法比常规的化学溶剂提取法的得率高2．2倍。同时，还探讨了玉米黄色素的稳定性，结果表明它需要低温、避光保存。     

超临界提取调味香料披萨草精油及其化学成分分析

采用超临界CO2提取法提取了披萨草精油,并利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术和保留指数比较法分析了该精油的化学成分.从SFE披萨草精油中鉴定了28种化合物,占精油总童的94.31%.主要成分为香芹酚(47.61%),丁香酚(16.12%)和麝香草酚(14.81%).     

茅台啤酒风味物质超临界萃取GC-MS分析研究

采用超临界萃取,以气相色谱-质谱法对茅台啤酒的风味物质进行定性分析.从茅台啤酒的超临界萃取物中分离了43种成分,鉴定了其中的36种成分,其相对含量占总离子峰的90.51%.结果表明,醇类和含羰基化合物是构成茅台啤酒风味的主要物质,其中醇类物质的相对含量高达56.529%,并以丙三醇的相对含量最高,达24.235%;而含羰基化合物的相对含量达44.219%,其中以有机酸类的相对含量最高,为19.228%.     

超临界CO_2流体萃取米糠油成分的GC/MS分析

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法从米糠中萃取米糠油,最适宜的萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力35MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间80min。用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其甲酯化产物进行分析,用归一化法测定其相对百分含量。结果表明:超临界CO2流体萃取法共鉴定出19种成分,其中油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸占总脂肪酸的90.14%     

Supercritical fluid extraction and microencapsulation of bioactive compounds from red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) by-products

The objective of this work was to obtain and stabilize natural vitamins from red pepper by-products. The method of obtainment was supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, studying different parameters that affect the yield. The highest extraction yield was found at 60 °C, 24 MPa extraction, with no modifier added and 0.2–0.5 mm particle size. The recovered extract was a red-coloured oil. The extract was subsequently microencapsulated by spray-drying using gum arabic as wall material to avoid the degradation of vitamin over the storage time. The thermal stability of microcapsules was analysed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), while size, shape and morphology of microcapsules were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microcapsules containing pepper extract were particles of spherical shape with dents on the surface, the average size of these particles was 5.46 μm.     

Effects of supercritical fluid extraction parameters on lycopene yield and antioxidant activity

The effects of various parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) fluid extractions of tomato skins on the extraction yields and antioxidant activities of lycopene-rich extracts were investigated. A Box–Behnken design was applied to study the effects of three independent variables (temperature ranging from 40 to 100 °C, pressure ranging from 20 to 40 MPa, and flow rate ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 mL/min) on lycopene yield. The model showed good agreement with the experimental results, by the coefficient of determination (r² = 0.9834). Temperature, pressure, and the quadratic term for the temperature of SC-CO₂ extraction were large significantly positive factors affecting lycopene yield (P < 0.05). The maximum total lycopene content of 31.25 μg/g of raw tomato was extracted at the highest temperature of 100 °C, 40 MPa and 1.5 mL/min. TEAC assay was applied to assess the antioxidant activity of lycopene-rich extracts from SC-CO₂ fluid extraction. The effects of SC-CO₂ fluid extraction parameters on the antioxidant activities of the extracts differed with the yield. For each unit of lycopene extract, the antioxidant activity level was constant below 70 °C, but then gradually decreased above 70 °C due to isomerization occurring as a result of the higher temperature. The ratio of all-trans-lycopene to the cis-isomers changed from 1.70 to 1.32 when the operating temperature was adjusted from 40 to 100 °C, indicating an increased bioavailability due to the generation of the cis-isomers. No significant effects of pressure or flow rate of SC-CO₂ fluid extraction on the antioxidant activity were observed.     

Central composite design for the optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction of fatty acids from Borago officinalis L. flower

Abstract: In the present study, fatty acids and essential oils of the flower of borage (Borago officinalis L.) were obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction under different conditions. The extracts obtained were compared to oils of borage flower oil isolated by hydrodistillation. The obtained oils were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The compounds were identified according to their retention indices and mass spectra. The experimental parameters of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were optimized using a central composite design after a full factorial experimental design. Extraction yields based on SFE varied in the range of 0.02% to 1.96% (w/w), and the oil yield based on the hydrodistillation was 0.05% (v/w). The optimum conditions of SFE were obtained at a pressure of 350 atm, a temperature of 65 °C, a methanol modifier volume of 100 μL, and static and dynamic extraction time of 10 min. Main components of the extracts under optimum SFE conditions were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, γ‐linolenic acid, and oleic acid. The results indicated that by using the suitable extraction conditions, SFE is more effective than the conventional hydrodistillation method in the extraction of fatty acids and the preservation of its quality. Practical Application: SFE is a good technique for the extraction of oils from plants. The extraction yields by SFE are more than the conventional method. SFE is used on a large scale for production of essential oils and pharmaceutical products from plants.