化学气相沉积金刚石薄膜成核机理研究

本文综述了在化学气相沉积（Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ Ｖａｐｏｒ Ｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ,ＣＶＤ）金刚石薄膜过程中非金刚石衬底表面金刚石成核机理研究进展。主要讨论了衬底表面缺陷诱导金刚石成核模型,指出最大原子团的存在决定了金刚石成核是否能够在衬底表面发生;分析了金刚石在非金刚石衬底成核时的过渡层问题,提出了过渡层存在机理;对于在等离子体ＣＶＤ中的偏压增强金刚石成核效应,提出的负偏压离子流增强成核模型和正偏压电     

直喷式直流电弧等离子化学气相沉积法金刚石单晶外延层制备研究

采用非循环直流喷射(直喷式)直流电弧等离子化学气相沉积法,在Ar/H2/CH4气氛下,成功制备了金刚石单晶外延层.试验采用的是3 mm×3 mm×1.2 mm的高温高压Ib型金刚石单晶衬底.研究了不同衬底温度和甲烷浓度对金刚石单晶外延层的形貌,速率和晶体质量的影响.采用光学显微镜,激光共聚焦表征了样品的形貌,利用千分尺测量其生长速率,利用Raman表征其晶体质量,采用OES诊断Ar/H2/CH4等离子气氛下C2、CH与Hβ的相对浓度.研究表明,温度和甲烷浓度对单晶刚石形貌和质量产生了明显的影响.在衬底为温度980℃,甲烷浓度在1.5;的条件下,生长速率达到了36 μm/h,并且晶体质量较好(半高宽仅为1.88 cm-1).同时发现生长参数对金刚石单晶外延层的生长模式有着显著地影响.     

人造金刚石单晶薄膜的制备及表面形貌优化

人造金刚石作为一种高效的热管理衬底,在宽禁带半导体电子器件领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)法外延金刚石单晶的生长速率慢,表面粗糙度高,难以满足半导体器件的衬底需求。对此,本文采用MPCVD法制备金刚石单晶薄膜,通过分阶段生长监控样品的生长速率,结合显微镜照片和AFM表征样品的表面形貌和表面粗糙度,根据拉曼光谱和XRD分析外延薄膜的晶体质量,最终采用高/低甲烷浓度的两步法外延工艺,实现了金刚石单晶薄膜的高速外延,生长速率达到20 μm/h,同时获得了较为平整的表面形貌。本文所研究的甲烷调制两步法外延工艺能够起到表面形貌优化的作用,有利于在后续的相关器件研发中提供平整的金刚石衬底,推动高功率电子器件的发展。     

金刚石薄膜的ECR CVD及分形现象研究

用ECR CVD(电子回旋共振化学气相沉积)方法沉积出了多晶金刚石薄膜,测量了薄膜的Raman散射谱、X射线衍射谱和SEM.生长条件是:V(CH4)/V(H2)=4;,气体总流量是150sccm,反应压力是0.1Pa,微波功率是700W,衬底偏压是-150V.发现了在金刚石薄膜沉积初期阶段的分形生长现象,用DLA模型解释了其分形生长机制,用Monte Carlo方法对其生长过程进行了计算机模拟,理论与实验结果相符.     

热丝CVD法在单晶硅衬底上低温外延生长Si和Ge薄膜的研究

采用热丝CVD法在单晶Si衬底上进行了Si和Ge 薄膜的低温外延生长,用XRD和Raman谱对其结构性能进行了分析.结果表明:在衬底温度200 ℃时,Si(111)单晶衬底上外延生长出了Raman峰位置为521.0 cm-1;X射线半峰宽(FWHM)为5.04 cm-1.结晶质量非常接近于体单晶的(111)取向的本征Si薄膜;在衬底温度为300 ℃时,在Si(100)单晶衬底上异质外延,得到了Raman峰位置为300.3 cm-1的Ge薄膜,Ge薄膜的晶体取向为Ge(220).研究表明热丝CVD是一种很好的低温外延薄膜的方法.     

离子轰击对准直碳纳米管生长的影响

利用负偏压增强热丝化学气相沉积系统,在辉光放电的情况下制备出准直碳纳米管,并用扫描电子显微镜研究了不同负偏压对准直碳纳米管生长的影响.结果表明随着负偏压的增大,准直碳纳米管的平均直径减小,平均长度增大.由于辉光放电的产生,在衬底表面附近形成阴极鞘层,以及在阴极鞘层内形成大量的离子和在衬底表面附近形成很强的电场导致了离子对衬底表面的强烈轰击.最后,分析和讨论了离子的轰击对准直碳纳米管生长的影响.     

MPCVD单晶金刚石初始及断续生长界面的表征与分析

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)技术制备的大尺寸、高质量单晶金刚石材料具备卓越的物理化学性能,在珠宝、电子、核与射线探测等消费品、工业和国防科技领域极具应用前景.研究发现在化学气相沉积单晶金刚石生长过程中,在衬底与外延层之间,以及生长中途停止-继续生长的生长层之间出现明显的界面区.本文采用偏光显微镜、拉曼光谱、荧光光谱(PL)等手段对界面区域进行了测试分析,界面区在偏光显微镜下表现出因应力导致的亮区,且荧光光谱(PL)及其线扫描显示该区域的NV色心含量远高于衬底及其前后外延层,表明该界面区具有较高的缺陷和杂质含量.结果表明在生长高品质单晶金刚石初期就应当采取一定手段进行品质调控,并尽量在一个生长周期内完成制备.     

气相合成金刚石薄膜的成核习性研究

本文采用燃烧焰法观察金刚石薄膜的成核生长过程.分析了衬底表面刻划及油污处理等因素对金刚石成核的影响.观察到成核初期的金刚石不具有明显晶形,含有较高的石墨相.XRD谱表明:成核初期衬底表面形成非金刚石结构的过渡层.并提出了控制成核密度提高沉积质量的思想.     

等离子体CVD金刚石薄膜衬底正偏压增强成核效应机理研究

衬底正偏压增强成核效应是最近等离子体ＣＶＤ金刚石薄膜中光滑衬底表面金刚石的成核研究发现的，它对于增强和控制金刚石在非金刚石衬底光滑表面的成核行为具有重要的意义。基于已经得到的实验结果。本文分析了衬底正偏压作用于成核过程的机理，提出了这种效应的电子流密度模型，并且给出了正偏压增强效应与沉积参数的关系，描述了正偏压处于过渡和饱和区时的成核状态，合理地解释了所谓“正偏压阻止成核”现象，本模型的结果与已经     

MPCVD单晶金刚石生长及其电子器件研究进展

本综述分析了微波等离子化学气相沉积(MPCVD)单晶金刚石生长及其电子器件近年来的研究进展,并对其进行展望.详细介绍了金刚石宽禁带半导体特性、生长原理、生长设备、衬底处理.研究了影响MPCVD单晶金刚石生长的关键因素,为获得最优生长条件提供指导.分析了横向外延、拼接生长、三维生长等关键性生长技术,逐步提高单晶金刚石的质量和面积.在金刚石掺杂的研究中,详细介绍了n型和p型掺杂的研究进展.通过对金刚石肖特基二极管、氢终端金刚石场效应晶体管、紫外探测器的研究,展现了金刚石在电子器件领域的成果和进展.最后总结了MPCVD单晶金刚石生长及其电子应用过程中面临的挑战,展望了金刚石在电子器件领域的巨大应用前景.     

Heteroepitaxial growth of β-SiC on silicon substrate using SiCl4-C3H8-H2 system

Single crystals of β-SiC were prepared on Si substrates at a temperature around 1390°C with the standard conditions: H₂ ≈ 1 1/min, SiCl₄≈3 ml/min, C₃H₈≈1 ml/min, deposition period≈10 min. The dependences of the growth rate and the crystallinity on the substrate temperature were studied. By detailed reflection electron diffraction analyses, the crystallinity of β-SiC with 1 μm thickness was found to be better for the layer on the (100) and (110)Si substrates than for that on the (111)Si substrate. An activation energy of 25kcal/mole was obtained for the formation of β-SiC. Optimum conditions to obtain thicker β-SiC films are discussed.     

Diamond nanorods from nanocrystalline diamond films

Diamond nanorods (DNRs) have been prepared by hydrogen plasma post-treatment of nanocrystalline diamond films in radio-frequency (RF) plasma-assisted hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. Single-crystal diamond nanorods with diameters of 3–5 nm and with lengths up to 200 nm grow under hydrogen plasma irradiation of nanocrystalline diamond thin film on the Si substrate at high temperatures. The DNRs growth occurs from graphite clusters. The graphite clusters arises from the etching of diamond carbon atoms and from the non-diamond phase present in the parent film. The graphite clusters recrystallized to form nanocrystalline diamonds which further grow for diamond nanorods. The negative applied bias and surface stresses are suggested to support one-dimensional growth. The growth direction of diamond nanorods is perpendicular to the (1 1 1) crystallographic planes of diamond. The studies address the structure and growth mechanism of diamond nanorods.     

在预涂陶瓷过渡层的多谱段ZnS衬底上沉积金刚石膜的探索研究

本文采用真空电子束蒸镀技术在多谱段ZnS衬底上沉积了适合金刚石膜沉积的致密陶瓷过渡层,并利用微波等离子体CVD金刚石膜低温沉积技术进行了金刚石膜沉积研究.发现在陶瓷过渡层上的金刚石形核极其困难,其原因可能是陶瓷涂层在沉积过程中龟裂导致ZnS蒸汽扩散逸出干扰金刚石形核所致.本文采用诱导形核技术在过渡层/ZnS试样表面观察到极高密度(1010/cm2)的金刚石形核,并对金刚石/过渡层/ZnS试样的红外透过特性进行了评价.     

金刚石膜在Si(100)衬底上的选择沉积

采用自行设计的微波等离子体化学气相沉积系统,利用铜网作为模板实现了在Si(100)衬底上金刚石膜的选择沉积.用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、Raman散射谱对样品进行了表征与分析.并与同样生长条件下未采用模板时得到的金刚石样品进行了比较.结果发现,采用模板后,金刚石膜的成核密度和质量都得到很大提高.     

离子轰击增强金刚石膜与Si衬底结合力的进一步研究

由于金刚石与Si有较大的表面能差,利用化学气相沉积(CVD)制备金刚石膜时,金刚石在镜面光滑的Si表面上成核困难,而负衬底偏压能够增强金刚石在镜面光滑Si表面上的成核,表明金刚石核与Si表面的结合力也得到增强.本文分析衬底负偏压引起的离子轰击对Si表面产生的影响之后,基于离子轰击使得Si衬底表面产生了微缺陷(凹坑)增大了金刚石膜与Si衬底结合的面积,理论研究了离子轰击对金刚石膜与Si衬底结合力的影响.     

[100]定向织构生长金刚石薄膜的红外光学性能研究

采用微波等离子增强化学气相沉积法在(100)镜面抛光的硅片衬底上实现了金刚石薄片[100]定向织构生长.并用扫描电子显微镜、拉曼散射和傅立叶红外光谱仪分析测试了不同工艺得到的金刚石薄片的表面形貌、组成结构和红外性能.结果表明:负偏压辅助定向成核和氢的等离子刻蚀不仅促进了金刚石薄膜的定向织构生长,而且还能刻蚀成核期的非金刚石成分.从而提高了金刚石薄片的红外光透过特性.     

辅助方法对热丝CVD金刚石生长速率的影响

在热丝化学气相沉积金刚石系统中,通过双灯丝间的热阴极放电产生等离子体,对衬底施加正负偏压形成电子促进,比较分析了它们及其组合的各种辅助方法对金刚石生长速率的影响.结果表明,在以丙酮为碳源、灯丝总功率不变的情况下,等离子体可明显增强金刚石的生长,其生长速率约为纯热丝法的三倍;而正偏压对等离子体辅助沉积金刚石不仅没有增强形核作用,而且抑制金刚石的生长;电子促进法可以显著提高金刚石的成核密度,但并不能提高金刚石生长速率.     

Investigation of Pretreated Silicon Wafers for CVD Growth of Diamond Film

Difference between lattice constants of silicon (Si) and diamond is approximately 52%. Therefore Si_1—xC_x which has a lattice constant between two materials should be formed on Si substrate to be diamond nucleation sites and reduce the stress between the diamond film and Si substrate. Si wafers with carbonization and dc-biasing pretreatment were prepared in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system, then they were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL), chemical etching and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the pretreatment effect. This was achieved by studying a series of samples pretreated by carbonization and dc-biasing.     

Modifications of epitaxy in evaporated films by electric charge effects

Modifications of epitaxy in Ge, Si, CdS, β-Sn, and α-Fe films, 100–600 Å in thickness, evaporated onto air-cleaved and vacuum-cleaved (001) NaCl substrates under electron bombardment (∽10¹⁵ electrons/cm² sec, at 200–400 V) or an electric field (dc 100–300 V/cm) applied to the substrate surface were investigated by reflection electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and selected-area diffraction. Results indicated that epitaxial temperatures of Ge and Si films were considerably lowered, and a monocrystalline β-Sn film was produced by the application of electron bombardment. The application of electric field resulted in the formation of an epitaxial cubic CdS phase, and a single orientation in an α-Fe film. These results are discussed in terms of current speculation concerning the electric charge effects on alkali halide substrates.     

Study of ZnSe and CdSe thin film epitaxy on germanium and silicon substrates

The parameters of vaporization, mass-transfer, condensation, and epitaxial growth by hot wall technique (HWT) of ZnSe and CdSe thin films on monocrystalline Ge and Si substrates are studied (Bubnov et al.). It is shown, that the layers structure is improved as the mass transfer mechanism approaches to gasodinamical vapor flow. The influence of condensation temperature of the layers on their crystallographic structure is shown. The increase of the temperature gradient from the source towards the substrate as well as the substrate temperature conditions for growing layers of hexagonal modification. The decrease of the temperature gradient leads to cubic modification. The electron diffraction study revealed the stepwise character of the zinc selenide and cadmium selenide film growth. The knowledge of the parameters of ZnSe and CdSe thin films on monocrystalline Ge and Si by hot wall technique at relatively low substrate temperatures allows to obtain layers, suitable for formation of solid state devices for registration and reflection of optical information.