直流热阴极PCVD法间歇生长模式制备金刚石膜

采用直流热阴极PCVD(Plasma chemical vapor deposition)法间歇生长模式制备金刚石膜,通过加入周期性的刻蚀阶段清除金刚石膜在一定生长期中形成的石墨和非晶碳等杂质,实现了金刚石膜生长的质量调控。间歇式生长过程分为沉积阶段和刻蚀阶段,两个阶段交替进行。采用Raman光谱、SEM和XRD对所制金刚石膜的品质进行了表征,并与同样生长条件下连续生长模式制备的金刚石膜样品进行了比较。结果表明,当单个生长周期为30 min(沉积时间为20 min、刻蚀时间为10 min)时,直流热阴极PCVD法间歇生长模式制备的金刚石膜中的非金刚石相杂质含量低于连续间歇生长模式制备的金刚石膜。     

CVD金刚石薄膜取向生长研究现状

单晶衬底上外延生长金刚石薄膜一直是ＶＣＤ金刚石技术领域的重要研究方向之一,近年来这方面的研究取得了长足的进步。回顾了金刚石取向膜的研究史,介绍了提高金刚石膜取向度的方法和目前对金刚石取向膜生长过程,生长机理研究取得的进展及金刚石取向膜具有独特优异性能的实验研究。     

探索人工干预诱导二次形核技术制备纳米金刚石膜

围绕纳米金刚石膜生长的二次形核理论,利用直流热阴极PCVD技术,在微晶金刚石膜连续生长模式常用的一些生长条件下,通过改变工作气压,改变生长温度,同时采取人工干预间歇生长模式进行金刚石膜生长实验,探索纳米级金刚石膜制备的新途径.实验表明:在金刚石膜生成的过程中,降低工作气压或生长温度,可使等离子体激励能量减弱,导致二次形核基团比例增加,成为人工干预二次形核的内在诱因;通过调节激励电压,使等离子体能量状况改变,有利于二次形核行为的引导,成为人工干预二次形核的外在诱因,在此内外因素共同作用下,可以实现二次形核现象的有效诱导,制备出纳米金刚石膜.人工干预诱导二次形核技术制备纳米金刚石膜的实现,使纳米金刚石膜制作方法得到了扩展,也拓宽了直流热阴极PCVD技术的应用范围.     

等离子体稳定性对曲面金刚石膜生长的影响

采用直流等离子体喷射化学气相沉积(DCPJCVD)制备曲面金刚石膜,等离子体稳定性对金刚石膜生长十分重要。研究表明,曲面金刚石膜长时间生长,阳极积聚石墨碳点,等离子体流动受阻失稳,金刚石膜含较多杂质。通过对阳极除碳处理,可维持稳定的等离子体、稳定的电子温度Te、均匀的活性原子及原子基团密度。制备的金刚石膜经SEM、Raman等表征,发现曲面金刚石膜致密、晶粒均匀,仅发现金刚石特征峰,制备的曲面金刚石膜质量较高。     

热阴极DC-PCVD方法制备的金刚石厚膜的生长特性和内应力

采用热阴极DC PCVD(DirectCurrentPlasmaChemicalVaporDeposition)方法制备出大尺寸高质量的金刚石厚膜,研究了金刚石厚膜的生长特性和内应力状态。由热阴极DC PCVD方法制备的金刚石厚膜大多数为〈110〉取向,表面显露面主要是(100)面和(111)面,厚膜的表面被较多的孪晶所覆盖,部分(111)面退化为3个相互垂直的(110)面,孪晶使厚膜表面结晶特性复杂化,金刚石厚膜的晶粒沿生长方向呈现柱状生长。金刚石厚膜的生长速率随甲烷流量和工作气压的增加而增加,但随生长速率的提高金刚石膜的品质明显下降。金刚石厚膜的内应力以压应力为主,随着甲烷浓度的增加压应力增加,随着工作气压的增加压应力减小,到某个气压之后变为张应力。     

HFCVD金刚石膜衬底温度的计算机控制

针对CVD金刚石膜生长手动控制的种种不便,在生长系统中引入了计算机控制,实现了用计算机控制生长金刚石膜的衬底温度。详细介绍了计算机控制系统的设计和实现方法。实际运行结果表明,该系统稳定性好、可靠性高,实现了金刚石膜稳定生长。     

乙醇对金刚石膜生长特性的影响

采用EA-CVD(Electron Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition)方法制备金刚石厚膜,在反应气体(CH4+H2)中添加乙醇,在保持其它条件不变的情况下研究了不同乙醇流量对金刚石膜生长的影响.利用拉曼光谱和SEM等测试方法对金刚石膜进行了表征,证实乙醇电离时产生的氢氧键对金刚石有很强的刻蚀作用.在沉积过程中向系统中加入乙醇对金刚石膜表面形貌有显著的影响,适量的乙醇有利于提高膜品质和生长速率,但过量的乙醇会导致对金刚石表面的刻蚀加剧,使金刚石膜的生长受到抑制.     

氧等离子体对金刚石膜的刻蚀研究

用微波放电法产生氧等离子体，通过改变系统中氧的浓度和金刚石膜的温度研究了氧等离子体对CVD多晶金刚石膜刻蚀的影响。实验结果表明：随着氧浓度的增加和金刚石膜温度的提高，刻蚀作用加剧；而在较低的氧浓度和金刚石膜温度条件下金刚石膜的晶界处首先被刻蚀，说明金刚石膜的境界处含有较多的非金刚石碳相。并且从等离子体对(100)和(111)面的刻蚀现象可知(100)面的生长是二维生长，(111)面的生长是岛状生长。     

计算机编程控制CVD金刚石膜生长系统的研制与应用

在863“九五”计划期间,我们研制成功“计算机编程控制CVD金刚石膜生长系统”,并用此设备在无人值守的情况下,生长出毫米级金刚石和金刚石/硅碳氮多层膜,证明该设备安全可靠,性能优良。1 计算机编程控制CVD金刚石膜生长系统 图1(见封1)为我们研制的计算机编程控制CVD金刚石     

CVD金刚石厚膜晶格缺陷分析

应用X射线衍射仪的薄膜附件对热丝化学气相沉积金刚石厚膜的成核面和生长面进行分析,结果表明,金刚石厚膜的晶格常数从生长面到形核面沿深度方向是逐渐变小的.化学气相沉积金刚石初期生长的晶体存在大量的空位等缺陷,晶格松弛,在金刚石膜持续生长过程中,形核面和膜内部在高温下发生长时间的自退火,缺陷浓度下降,晶格松弛现象消除,晶格常数变小并趋于理论值.试验表明,经长时间高温自退火的金刚石厚膜比薄膜具有更高的耐磨性.     

Growth and characterization of diamond particles,diamond films,and CNT-diamond composite films deposited simultaneously by hot filament CVD

It is important to understand the growth of CNT-diamond composite films in order to improve the inter-link between two carbon allotropes, and, in turn, their physical properties for field emission and other applications. Isolated diamond particles, continuous diamond thin films, and thin films of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having non-uniformly distributed diamond particles (CNT-diamond composite films) were simultaneously grown on unseeded, seeded, and catalyst pre-treated substrates, respectively, using a large-area multi-wafer-scale hot filament chemical vapor deposition. Films were deposited for four different growth durations at a given deposition condition. The changes in surface morphology and growth behavior of diamond particles with growth duration were investigated ex situ using field emission scanning electron microscopy and 2D confocal Raman depth spectral imaging, respectively. A surface morphological transition from faceted microcrystalline nature to nanocrystalline nature was observed as a function of growth duration in the case of isolated diamond particles grown on both unseeded and catalyst pre-treated substrates. However, such a morphological transition was not observed on the simultaneously grown continuous diamond thin films on seeded substrates. 2D confocal Raman depth spectral imaging of diamond particles showed that the local growth of CNTs did not affect the growth behavior of neighboring diamond particles on catalyst pre-treated substrates. These observations emphasize the importance of surface chemical reactions at the growth site in deciding sp² or sp³ carbon growth and the final grain size of the diamond films.     

A comparative study of p-type diamond films using Raman and transport measurements

The influence of deposition temperature in the properties of synthetic diamond films grown by two different chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques, hot-filament- and microwave-plasma-assisted, was investigated. These samples were obtained using the optimal growth conditions previously achieved in this work. Raman spectroscopy was employed in order to investigate the diamond film quality as a function of the deposition temperature. It was found that the nondiamond carbon bands decrease as the deposition temperature increases for both the deposition methods, leading to higher-quality diamond films. The micro- and macro-Raman spectra showed that the nondiamond band is already present in a single diamond grain. Both techniques provided well homogeneous diamond films and with equivalently good quality. Boron-doped diamond films with different carrier concentration levels were also studied. In order to get details about the electrical properties of the films, resistivity as a function of the boron concentration—in association with Raman spectra—and temperature-dependent transport measurements were employed. The results showed that the boron doping is the main responsible for the conductivity and that the variable range hopping (VRH) mechanism dominates the transport in these doped diamond films.     

氧气对MWPCVD制备金刚石膜的影响

在水冷反应室式微波等离子体化学气相沉积装置中以混合的CH4/H2/O2为反应气体,研究了O2浓度对制备金刚石膜的影响.实验发现,很低浓度的O2会显著促进金刚石的沉积,并稍稍抑制非晶C的沉积,因而沉积膜中非晶C的含量急剧下降;较高浓度的O2会同时抑制金刚石和非晶C的沉积,但由于抑制金刚石的作用更强烈,沉积膜中非晶C的含量反而有所升高.另外,O2的存在,有利于沉积颗粒较小的金刚石膜.     

直流热阴极CVD金刚石薄膜生长特性研究

为了获得高质量的金刚石薄膜,采用直流热阴极化学气相沉积系统分别在不同基片温度和不同碳源气体含量条件下生长金刚石薄膜,利用Raman光谱、SEM和XRD检测方法研究了基片温度和碳源气体含量对金刚石薄膜生长特性的影响.结果表明,金刚石薄膜与基片Mo之间有Mo2C的过渡层存在;1000℃的温度能够促进金刚石晶体的生长,抑制其他碳杂质的形成,CH4体积分数为2%适于快速生长高纯度的金刚石薄膜.     

Correlation between diamond grain size and hydrogen incorporation in nanocrystalline diamond thin films

Hydrogen-incorporated nanocrystalline diamond thin films have been deposited in microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (CVD) system with various hydrogen concentrations in the Ar/CH₄ gas mixture. The bonding environment of carbon atoms was detected by Raman spectroscopy and the hydrogen concentration was determined by elastic recoil detection analysis. Incorporation of H₂ species into Ar-rich plasma was observed to markedly alter the microstructure of diamond films. Raman spectroscopy results showed that part of the hydrogen is bonded to carbon atoms. Raman spectra also indicated the increase of non-diamond phase with the decrease in crystallite size. The study addresses the effects of hydrogen trapping in the samples when hydrogen concentration in the plasma increased during diamond growth and its relation with defective grain boundary region.     

Diamond deposition on copper: studies on nucleation, growth, and adhesion behaviours

This paper presents a systematic study on diamond growth on copper by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition (MPCVD). It includes the following four main parts. 1. Effect of substrate pre-treatment on diamond nucleation. 2. Effect of deposition conditions on diamond nucleation and growth. 3.Preparation of free-standing diamond films using copper substrate. 4. Adherent diamond coating on copper using an interlayer. In the first part we show that diamond nucleation on copper is strongly affected by the substrate pre-treatment. The residues of abrasives left in the surface of the copper substrate play an important role in the diamond nucleation. In the second part we show that the diamond growth rate increases with microwave power and gas pressure. The effect of the microwave power is mainly an effect of substrate temperature. Increasing methane concentration results in a higher nucleation density and higher growth rate, but at the cost of a lower film quality. Gas flow rate has little influence on the diamond nucleation density and growth rate. In the third part we demonstrate the possibility of preparing large area free-standing diamond films using copper substrate, which has nearly no carbon affinity and usually leads to weak adhesion of the diamond films. The normally observed film cracking phenomenon is discussed and a two-step growth method is proposed for stress release. In the fourth part we show that adherent diamond coating on copper can be obtained using a titanium interlayer. Residual stress in the films is evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. It is found that with increase in the film thickness, the diamond Raman line shifts from higher wave numbers to lower, approaching 1332 cm–1. The stress variation along the depth of the film is also analysed using Airy stress theory.     

Stress and phase purity analyses of diamond films deposited through laser-assisted combustion synthesis

Diamond films were deposited on silicon and tungsten carbide substrates in open air through laser-assisted combustion synthesis. Laser-induced resonant excitation of ethylene molecules was achieved in the combustion process to promote diamond growth rate. In addition to microstructure study by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the phase purity and residual stress of the diamond films. High-purity diamond films were obtained through laser-assisted combustion synthesis. The levels of residual stress were in agreement with corresponding thermal expansion coefficients of diamond, silicon, and tungsten carbide. Diamond-film purity increases while residual stress decreases with an increasing film thickness. Diamond films deposited on silicon substrates exhibit higher purity and lower residual stress than those deposited on tungsten carbide substrates.     

衬底表面预处理对金刚石薄膜形核及长大的影响

用燃烧火焰法在 TC4 Ti 合金和单晶 Si(001)面上沉积了金刚石薄膜。对合成的膜进行了扫描电镜、激光喇曼光谱分析。结果表明,金刚石薄膜的结构和形貌强烈取决于沉积温度、O_2/C_2H_2流量比等工艺参数。研究了衬底表面预处理对金刚石薄膜形核及长大的影响,并对表面预处理影响形核的原因进行了初步探讨。     

SiC在异质衬底生长金刚石膜的作用分析

利用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、Raman光谱分析了Si衬底上金刚石膜核化和生长的过程 ,并着重分析了核化过程产生的SiC的性能。利用划痕法测量了在WC衬底上沉积SiC和未沉积SiC时生长金刚石膜的粘附力 ,同时还分析了WC衬底上有和没有SiC沉积层时表面附近金刚石膜的内应力。结果表明 ,SiC层大大地增强了含碳粒子的聚集和金刚石膜与衬底之间的粘附性 ,降低了金刚石膜与衬底之间的内应力     

Growth and characterization of diamond films deposited at high-pressure using a low-power microwave plasma reactor

Diamond films were deposited on molybdenum substrates from mixtures of methane diluted in hydrogen using a high-pressure microwave plasma reactor. In this reactor, a compressed waveguide structure was used to increase the electric field strength, and accordingly the reactor was able to operate stably with low gas flow rate and microwave power. The films deposited on 12 mm diameter substrates were characterized by film morphology, Raman spectra, growth rate and crystalline quality. The morphology of diamond films deposited in this reactor depends mainly on the substrate temperature. When the deposition pressure was 48 kPa and microwave power was only 800 W, high quality diamond films could be uniformly deposited with a growth rate around 20 μm/h.