选区激光熔化316L不锈钢高应变率压缩下的塑性变形行为

对选区激光熔化316L不锈钢(SLM-316L)的高应变率(1000、2000、3000 s^-1)压缩力学性能进行测试,用扫描电镜和背散射衍射(EBSD)等手段表征冲击加载前后试样的微观结构,并分析晶体结构的差异以及位错滑移、孪生行为等微观变形机制。结果表明：SLM-316L不锈钢在高应变率载荷作用下有显著的应变率强化效应,其微观组织由截面呈不规则多边形的柱状胞晶密排结构组成,高应变率加载使晶体取向的择优性降低、小角度晶界和孪晶界数量增加,且孪晶界在小角度晶界的交叉缠绕区分布密集,试样的塑性变形过程伴随着位错滑移及孪生行为。     

激光冲击加载纯铜高应变率下剧烈塑性变形行为观察

利用高能短脉冲激光冲击技术(LSP)得到产生剧烈塑性变形的纯铜组织,借助XRD、EBSD等技术和硬度仪研究分析了这种塑性变形行为。结果表明,对纯铜表面进行激光冲击能够实现表层晶粒细化,接近纳米级,晶粒大小为20nm~200nm,且作用区域显微硬度提高35%,效果显著。分析认为,在高能激光冲击作用下,靶材产生超高应变率和剧烈塑性变形,进而发生动态再结晶,致使表面晶粒纳米化。     

激光诱导击穿光谱及其在元素分析中的应用

激光诱导击穿光谱是一种新的元素分析方法,但仍处于不断完善之中。利用它可以分析不同形态样品的成分,因此在成分分析和微量元素检测方面具有重要的应用前景。本文阐述了激光击穿诱导光谱仪的基本原理和激光诱导击穿光谱在多个领域中的应用,研究内容涉及固体样品、液体样品、气体样品、微量杂质分析和成分深度剖析等,并分析了基体效应、自吸收效应、测量时间、环境气体、激光参数等对激光诱导击穿光谱分析结果的影响。     

冲击速度和应变率对六边形蜂窝共面缓冲性能的影响

目的通过改变压缩方向的厚度,即共面方向的蜂窝层数,来研究冲击速度和应变率对六边形蜂窝共面缓冲性能的影响。方法借助软件Ansys/LS-DYNA来模拟六边形蜂窝在应变率恒定时冲击速度对蜂窝共面缓冲性能的影响,以及六边形蜂窝在速度值恒定时应变率对蜂窝共面缓冲性能的影响。结果设定3组应变率恒值(300,500,1000 s-1)研究不同冲击速度对蜂窝动态峰应力的影响,随着速度的增加,动态峰应力也增加。设定3组冲击速度恒值(3,50,100 m/s)研究不同应变率对蜂窝动态峰应力的影响,随着应变率增加,动态峰应力基本不变。结论在试件材料选用双线性硬化的铝基材料,壁材视为应变率不敏感的模型下,应变率对正六边形蜂窝的动态力学性能和缓冲性能基本无影响。     

激光干涉技术在振动冲击中的应用

振动冲击计量标准中采用激光干涉仪作为量值溯源工具,本文就振动冲击实验室应用的两类干涉仪从光学原理方面进行一些简单的分析对比。给出了二者之间的一些相同和类似点。     

激光诱导击穿光谱法快速定量检测皮革中的铅和铬

建立了激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)结合自由定标法快速定量分析皮革中重金属元素Pb和Cr的方法.采用由调Q脉冲Nd:YAG激光器、中阶梯光栅光谱仪、ICCD检测器和旋转样品台等组成的激光诱导击穿光谱系统,采集了3类皮革样品的激光诱导击穿光谱.选取Pb和Cr的特征谱线,优化激光能量、延时时间和焦深参数,结合自由定标法建立了样品中Pb和Cr的玻尔兹曼曲线,计算获得3类皮革样品中Pb和Cr的含量.Pb含量分析相对标准偏差在3.22%~7.66%之间,Cr含量分析相对标准偏差在12.19%~14.00%之间.t检验表明,两种元素测量值与实际值无显著差异.     

激光冲击强化技术原理及研究发展

激光冲击强化技术(LSP)是一种新型的激光应用表面处理技术。与传统表面改性技术相比,激光冲击强化技术能给材料带来更深的残余应力层,使材料表层晶粒细化甚至出现纳米晶,同时大幅提高材料的疲劳寿命。利用高能激光辐照约束层材料(黑漆、黑胶带或铝箔),约束层材料在瞬间熔融气化并产生高温高压的等离子体。等离子体冲击波是一种爆轰波,可以通过C-J模型计算冲击波的峰值压力。等离子体冲击波在约束层(水、光学玻璃)的约束下向材料内部传播,其压力远远超过了材料的弹性屈服极限,材料经历了弹性-塑性变形,最终材料表面形成稳定的残余应力场并发生微弱的塑性变形。本文介绍了激光冲击强化技术的研究发展历程,在此基础上对该技术发展方向进行了展望。

     

激光冲击处理对金属微结构及其性能的影响

论述了激光冲击处理的基本原理,分析了激光诱发的冲击波在材料中的传播过程.激光冲击处理会使金属材料表层发生塑性变形而产生很高的残余压应力;冲击区的显微组织中会产生高密度位错,有时亦有孪晶与相变产生;金属材料表层的塑性变形、高残余压应力、高密度位错、孪晶以及相变,这些因素的共同作用使得金属材料表面硬度、疲劳寿命获得很大的提高.     

激光冲击2024 铝合金诱导动态应力应变实验研究

为了研究激光冲击波动态加载过程中金属材料的动态应力应变特性,采用高功率激光器单次冲击2024 铝合金薄板,利     

激光冲击强化对300M钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用激光冲击强化(LSP)技术在300M钢表层制备梯度纳米结构,并借助三维表面形貌仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、纳米压痕仪及拉伸试验机对300M钢不同脉冲能量LSP处理后的微观组织演变和力学性能变化进行表征。结果表明,300M钢经LSP处理后表层形成梯度纳米结构,随着脉冲能量的增加,表层晶粒尺寸从15 nm(3J)细化至10 nm(7J)左右,晶粒出现非晶化;同时,次表层组织中形成了大量位错缠结及形变孪晶等亚结构缺陷,且随着脉冲能量的增加位错密度急剧增高,同时形变孪晶数量也随之增多。LSP后300M钢表层纳米压痕硬度得到显著提高,且随着脉冲能量的增加而增加;强度和塑性得到一定程度的改善,断口形貌由典型的韧性断裂转变为韧-脆混合型断裂。     

激光冲击强化技术的研究与应用

本文介绍了激光冲击强化技术这种新型的金属材料表面强化技术,该技术可大幅度提高金属材料的疲劳寿命,为提高传统材料的综合力学性能和服役行为开辟了新路;文章重点论述了该技术在美国的工程应用情况以及国内的研究进展,最后简述了我国首条激光冲击强化生产线相关情况。     

Effect of Laser Shock Peening on the Microstructures and Properties of Oxide‐Dispersion‐Strengthened Austenitic Steels

Oxide‐dispersion‐strengthened (ODS) austenitic steels are promising materials for next‐generation fossil and nuclear energy systems. In this study, laser shock peening (LSP) has been applied to ODS 304 austenitic steels, during which a high density of dislocations, stacking faults, and deformation twins are generated in the near surface of the material due to the interaction of laser‐driven shock waves and the austenitic steel matrix. The dispersion particles impede the propagation of dislocations. The compressive residual stress generated by LSP increases with successive LSP scans and decreases along the depth, with a maximum value of ?369 MPa. The hardness on the surface can be improved by 12% using LSP. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) irradiation studies reveal that dislocations and incoherent twin boundaries induced by LSP serve as effective sinks to annihilate irradiation defects. These findings suggest that LSP can improve the mechanical properties and irradiation resistance of ODS austenitic steels in nuclear reactor environments.

     

Laser Shock Processing of an Austenitic Stainless Steel and a Nickel-base Superalloy

An austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti and a solid solution-strengthened Ni-base superalloy GH30 were shock processed using a Q-switched pulsed Nd-glass laser. Microstructure, hardness and residual stress of the laser shock processed surface were investigated as functions of laser processing parameters. Results show that high density of dislocations and fine deformation twins are produced in the laser shock processed surface layers in both the austenitic stainless steel and the nickel-base superalloy.Extensive strain-induced martensite was also observed in the laser shock processed zone of the austenitic steel. The hardness of the laser shock processed surface was significantly enhanced and compressive stress as high as 400 MPa was produced in the laser shock processed surface.     

A Critical Review of Laser Shock Peening of Aircraft Engine Components

Many aviation accidents are caused by the failure of aircraft engine components, and engine blades are especially vulnerable to high-cycle fatigue fracture in severe working environments as well as to impact damage caused by foreign objects. To address this problem, the United States took the lead and has been successful in implementing laser shock peening (LSP) as a surface treatment for aircraft engine components to enhance their fatigue performance. This review provides an overview of the development of LSP for use in treating aircraft engine components over the past three decades, with a brief introduction to the development of high-energy pulsed lasers for LSP. A particular focus of this review is on the limitations and challenges associated with the application of LSP for treating critical aircraft engine components. It is hoped that this review serves as a reference for future research and development that can lead to better performance of these components.     

TC4钛合金选区激光熔化与层间激光冲击强化复合工艺

目的 改善激光选区熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)工艺成形的TC4合金的内部缺陷,提高疲劳寿命。方法 选用TC4钛合金为研究对象,提出了SLM结合层间激光冲击(3D-Laser Shock Peening,3D-LSP)与热处理的强化工艺,对复合制造工艺下的微观组织、内部缺陷和力学性能演变进行了研究,并建立了复合强化工艺制造样品的疲劳寿命模型。结果 在激光冲击影响区域内形成了0.2 mm深度的高幅值残余压应力,并在1 mm深度范围内改善了应力场,且显微硬度得到了提升,内部缺陷数量减少了36%,疲劳寿命提升了40%以上。结论 实现了SLM增材制造TC4钛合金的缺陷在线闭合、微观组织改性和疲劳寿命的提升,揭示了层间激光冲击对内部缺陷的闭合机理,为金属SLM复合增材制造的研究与应用奠定了理论基础。