几种活性碳纤维的结构及其吸氙性能研究

表征了几个系列的活性碳纤维及球状活性碳的孔结构，研究了这些多孔碳吸附材料在不同温度下对氙的吸附特征，并进一步研究了这些活性碳纤维对氙的吸附性能及其与孔结构的关系。结果表明，氙气在活性碳纤维上的吸附容量，并不随活性碳纤维的比表面积的增加而增大，而是与其孔径分布密切相关。其中，尤其以半径≤0.4nm的极微孔，最有利于氙的吸附，将上述的等温吸附数据用Langmuir吸附方程进行拟合，揭示这种结果是由于活性碳纤维中的窄孔（极微孔）对氙具有较高的吸附热所致。     

活性炭纤维吸附氙气机理的研究

研究了不同基体的活性炭纤维对氙气的吸附性能,同时对活性炭纤维结构修饰后的性能进行研究.结果表明活性炭纤维对氙气的吸附量不是随表面积增大而增加,修饰后的活性炭纤维的微孔尺寸变窄,对氙气的吸附量有所增加,吸附前后活性炭纤维的结构未发生变化.     

活性炭纤维动态吸附氙性能及氙脱附行为研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)前处理及再生前后动态吸附氙的性能差异, 重点研究了温度对氙脱附行为的影响. 结果表明, 前处理对活性炭纤维动态 吸附氙的性能有较大影响, 而再生处理对吸附?性能的影响不大. 高温加热氙的脱附效率>97%, 但存在150℃的温度阈值, 且在150℃以上, 温度 的变化对氙的脱附没有影响.     

载贵金属活性碳纤维对氙吸附性能的研究

利用活性炭纤维的氧化还原特性,在活性炭纤维上负载了一定量的贵金属银或金。表征了负载贵金属后活性炭纤维的孔结构变化,以及活性炭纤维表面贵金属颗粒的分布和表面化学性质。研究并比较了负载贵金属后活性炭纤维对氙的吸附性能。研究结果表明,在活性炭纤维上负载适量的贵金属银或金,可以显著地提高活性炭纤维对氙的吸附容量,其可能的原因是由于这些贵金属对活性炭纤维孔宽和表面化学性质的修饰,以及提高了活性炭纤维对氙的吸附势。     

Xenon adsorbed in zeolite Na-Y: A systematic molecular dynamics study with a flexible framework approach

Summary Molecular dynamics simulations are performed in order to study systematically the behaviour of xenon in zeolite Na-Y over a wide range of temperatures and loadings. For these investigations a full flexible framework approach is used and the polarizability of xenon is taken into account. The good agreement between the results of the simulations and available experimental data indicates that the applied interaction model is a realistic approach. It is found that the energy of activation for the diffusion process strongly depends on the concentration of the sorbate atoms. Furthermore, the influence of the framework flexibility on the properties of the adsorbed species is studied by comparative simulations with a fixed framework approach. The results show that the main energetic properties, as well as the mobility of xenon, are hardly influenced by the vibrations of the host lattice under the conditions studied here. However, significant differences in the pair distribution functions of the xenon atoms are observed.     

Electrochemical degradation of amaranth aqueous solution on ACF

The degradation of Amaranth, a kind of azo dye, has been studied under galvanostatic model with activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrode in aqueous solution with electrochemical method. The ACF was used as anode and cathode, respectively for the decolorization process. The onset oxidation potential and reduction potential for Amaranth on ACF were respectively ascertained at 0.6 and -0.4 V. During the range of -1.1 to 0.50 mA cm(-2), the decolorization was clarified into three processes as electroreduction, adsorption and electrooxidation. There were little contributions to the color and COD removals for the process of adsorption. The color removal can be up to 99% when the current density was 0.50 mA cm(-2). The maximum COD removal was 52% for the process of electrooxidation. Hundred percent color removal was obtained when the current density of -1.0 mA cm(-2) was applied. The maximum COD removal was 62% for the electroreduction. The COD removal results from the adsorption of products for the decolorization process of electrooxidation or electroreduction.     

影响活性炭纤维动态吸附氙性能的因素

应用正交设计方法研究了活性炭纤维动态吸附氙的性能.主要考察了吸附温度、原料气浓度和原料气流量及空白未知因素对活性炭纤维动态吸附氙平衡吸附量的影响.结果表明：吸附温度、原料气浓度以及原料气流量为影响平衡吸附量的最重要的因素.其中,吸附温度对平衡吸附量的影响最大,其次是原料气的浓度和原料气的流量.     

改性活性炭对苯废气吸附性能的研究

对低浓度含苯废气的有效去除方法之一是活性炭吸附法。针对治理工业含苯废气，研制了高吸附量、低成本的活性炭。亦即，通过对普通煤质活性炭进行酸碱改性处理，除去酸碱可溶性物质，使活性炭的灰分大大降低，从而提高了活性的比表面积，同时，提高了活性炭的吸附活性。进而，通过研究不同的改性方法对活性炭的苯饱和吸附量、比表面积、孔径及灰分的影响，确定了最佳改性方法。研究结果表明：采用酸、碱交替改性方法处理普通活性炭，是提高活性炭的苯吸附量、增大比表面积的简单有效方法。     

盐酸预处理对ACF结构及其电化学性能的影响

采用活性炭纤维(ACF)毡作为原材料,对比评价在煮沸、振荡、超声三种条件下的HCl预处理对其结构及电化学性能的影响。通过BET、SEM、FTIR研究ACF结构的变化,并以灰分和碘值考察ACF的吸附性能以及采用CV曲线分析ACF电极材料的电化学性能变化。结果表明,除HCl超声外,其他预处理都使活性炭纤维的形状和尺寸变得相对规整;经HCl煮沸和HCl振荡处理后的ACF比表面积分别增大34.87%和32.73%,其碘吸附值分别增大41.8%和42.1%,HCl振荡的比电容最高可达62F/g;而HCl超声处理却造成ACF表面刻蚀,其碘值和比表面积均较原样降低。综合比较各种方法的预处理效果如下:HCl振荡HCl煮沸HCl超声;HCl振荡处理效果最好,且使ACF表面酸性含氧基团增多,更有利于对无机盐离子的吸附。     

多壁碳纳米管吸附异甘草苷的热力学研究

多壁碳纳米管可选择性地吸附结构相似的两种黄酮类化合物甘草苷和异甘草苷,研究了异甘草苷被多壁碳纳米管吸附的吸附热力学特征。结果表明:多壁碳纳米管吸附异甘草苷的量随着异甘草苷浓度的增加而增加,随着温度升高而降低。异甘草苷的吸附过程符合Freundlich方程。其ΔH0和ΔG0值表明该吸附反应是自发进行的放热反应。     

活性碳纤维的表面改性及其对Ag^＋的还原吸附

研究了改性活性碳纤维的物理性质和表面化学性质, 并研究了这些改性后的活性碳纤维的结构及其对银离子的吸附特征。水蒸汽活化所得活性碳纤维分别经Ｈ２Ｏ２、ＫＭｎＯ４、ＨＮＯ３ 或ＮＨ３·Ｈ２Ｏ等多种无机试剂后处理。改性活性碳纤维的孔结构和表面积通过７７Ｋ氮吸附等温线进行表征; 表面化学性质用ＸＰＳ和ＩＲ进行表征。研究结果表明,与原活性碳纤维相比,改性活性碳纤维的比表面积和孔体积下降１０％ － ２０％ 左右。氧化改性较为剧烈的情况下（用浓硝酸处理）, 比表面积和孔体积约降低４０％ 。改性后活性碳纤维表面含氧量及含氧基团的种类与未改性处理的原活性碳纤维也有所区别。这些活性碳纤维对酸性条件下的Ａｇ＋ 的还原吸附量都不高。然而, 改性活性碳纤维对碱性条件下的Ａｇ（ＮＨ３）２＋ 的还原吸附量却大幅度提高,可达５５０ｍ ｇ Ａｇ／ｇ Ｃ以上。推断表面改性在活性碳纤维表面创造了更多有利于碱性条件下发生氧化还原的活性点     

高效吸附分离功能纤维及其应用

本文主要介绍几类吸附功能纤维,包括活性碳纤维、离子交换纤维、螯合纤维和氧化还原功能纤维等的研究进展。这类新型的高效吸附分离材料具有很大的比表面积或丰富的表面官能团;显示出高的吸附容量、快的吸附或脱附速度和一定的吸附选择性;可制成束、纸、布、毡及无纺布等多种形式;某些吸附功能纤维还具有氧化还原能力。本文简要地介绍了近年来吸附分离功能纤维的制备、吸附特征研究的进展以及它们在饮用水净化、环境治理、资源回收、化学工业和医疗卫生等方面的应用     

Adsorption, desorption and condensation of nitrobenzene solution from active carbon: a comparison of two cyclodextrins and two surfactants

The adsorption of nitrobenzene on active carbon was researched. The experimental results shown the adsorption of nitrobenzene on active carbon can be described by Freundlich's adsorption model. On the other hand, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) can react with nitrobenzene to form inclusion complex, which will enhance the aqueous solubility of nitrobenzene. By using different concentrations of beta-CD and HP-beta-CD as extractants, nitrobenzene on active carbon has been desorbed statically. As a comparison, surfactant CTAB and SDS were also selected as extractants. The desorbing of mechanism has been discussed. The low concentration of NB was effectively condensed by enrichment of active carbon and desorption of HP-beta-CD. HP-beta-CD is regarded as a potential extractant to deal with soil, sediment or active carbon.     

PAN基ACF的孔结构表征

通过在７７．４Ｋ下的Ｎ２吸附对连续化工制备的聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维孔结构进行了考察,采用 Ｄｕｂｉｎｉｎ－Ｒａｄｕｓｈｋｅｖｉｃｈ方程,Ｈｏｒｖａｔｈ－Ｋａｗａｚｏｅ方程及密度函数理论对其孔结构参数诸如此表面积,微孔表面积,孔容及孔径分布者表征。     

TiO2/ACF光催化再生复合材料的研究进展

总结近年来在TiO2与活性碳纤维复合光催化剂的合成方法、结构与性能,及对室内挥发性有机物光催化降解方面的研究,分析TiO2/ACF复合光催化剂对有机物吸附、富集、光催化、原位再生的过程,探讨活性碳纤维吸附材料对提高TiO2光催化剂量子产率的作用机制,认为低浓度污染物在催化剂表面的吸脱附速率提高是TiO2/ACF复合光催化剂具有较高降解能力的关健因素.     

我国活性碳纤维的研究、工业化及前景(Ⅱ)

总结了国内对活性碳纤维(ACF)吸附特性的研究及其在香烟滤嘴、空气净化、水处理、卫生、节能等方面的应用；对活性碳纤维产品按原料、外形、比表面积和用途等进行了分类；评述了近几十年我国活性碳纤维工业化的发展过程、现状和问题；指出了ACF在环保、水的循环利用、医疗等方面潜在的巨大应用市场，尤其有可能成为对付SARS病毒的有效防护材料。     

Adsorption equilibrium of hydrogen on graphene sheets and activated carbon

For obtaining the technical data to evaluate the performance of hydrogen storage by adsorption on graphene sheets (GS), analysis of adsorption equilibrium of hydrogen on the GS and the activated carbon were carried out based on the hydrogen adsorption data covering a wide temperature range. The GS and SAC-02 activated carbon, which respectively had a specific surface area about 300 m²/g and 2074 m²/g, were selected as adsorbents. Six adsorption isotherms of excess amounts of high purity hydrogen were measured at temperature from 77.15 K to 293.15 K and pressure up to 6 MPa. Parameters of Langmuir, Langmuir–Freundlich and Toth equations were set by non-linear fit against adsorption data, predicting accuracy of the equations was then evaluated by the accumulated relative errors between experimental data and those from the equations under different pressure regions. Absolute adsorption amounts determined by the modified equation were used to calculate the isosteric heat of adsorption.It shows that both adsorption isotherms of hydrogen on the GS and the activated carbon have the features of Type I, but the trend of isotherms varying over the pressure is different within the lower temperature region. Results from Langmuir equation have the largest error. Toth equation can much accurately predict the adsorption data with an overall accumulated relative error less than 4%. The value of the isosteric heat of hydrogen adsorption on the GS is about 5.06–6.37 kJ/mol, which is much higher than 4.05–5.52 kJ/mol for hydrogen on the SAC-02 activated carbon under the whole experimental condition. It reveals that interaction between hydrogen molecules and the graphene layer is stronger than that of hydrogen and carbon surface, and Toth equation could be appropriate to analyzing adsorption equilibrium for hydrogen on carbon based adsorbents.     

Adsorption of ionizable organic contaminants on multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different oxygen contents

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), which are considered to be promising candidates for the adsorption of toxic organics, are released into aqueous environment with their increasing production and application. In this study, the adsorption behaviors of five structurally related ionizable organic contaminants namely perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-NP) onto MWNTs with different oxygen contents (3.84-22.85%) were investigated. The adsorption kinetics was investigated and simulated with pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms were found to be fitted with Freundlich model and influenced by both the properties of organic chemicals and the oxygen contents of MWNTs. As adsorption capacity decreases dramatically with the increasing of oxygen contents, the MWNTs with the lowest oxygen contents possess the highest adsorption capacity among four MWNTs. For the MWNTs with the oxygen contents of 3.84%, the adsorption affinity related with hydrophobic interaction and π-electron polarizability decreased in the order of 4-NP>PFOSA>PFOS>2,4-D>PFOA. Furthermore, the adsorption characters of five contaminants were affected by solution pH and solute pK(a) considering electrostatic repulse force and hydrogen bonding, which showed the adsorption of MWNTs with lower oxygen content is much sensitive to solution chemistry.     

活性炭纤维吸附性能的研究新进展

介绍了活性炭纤维的吸附机理,着重论述了吸附技术在含重金属废水、染料废水及农药废水处理中的应用研究进展,并指出目前存在的不足之处以及对未来的研究工作提出了一些展望和建议,以期为环境的治理做出贡献。     

填炭纸在高真空多层绝热中液氮温度下的吸气性能测试

通过实验获得了填炭纸在液氮温度下对N2和H2两种气体的等温吸附线,结果表明:填炭纸对N2的吸附效果非常好,对H2的吸附效果较差,相同平衡压力下对N2的吸附量比对H2的吸附量高出1～2个数量级,且在填炭纸外包上绝热材料能大大提高其对气体的吸附能力,尤其是对N2的吸附量能提高1～2个数量级,对H2的吸附量也能提高1倍以上,填炭纸对H2的吸附效果是活性炭的3～15倍.用Temkin吸附式对等温吸附线进行拟合,得到了填炭纸在10-4～10 Pa范围内适用的对N2和H2两种气体的等温吸附方程式.