自体肋软骨多层拼接雕刻耳支架在小耳畸形耳廓成形术中的应用

目的 探索利用自体肋软骨多层拼接雕刻耳支架进行小耳畸形耳廓成形术的临床效果.方法 自2010年2月至2011年5月,对29例单侧小耳畸形患者进行自体肋软骨4层拼接雕刻耳支架耳廓成形术.结果 29例形成的外耳横突高度均一次性达到2 cm,基本与对侧外耳横突高度一致,患者及其家属均满意.随访3～12个月,仅1例再造外耳横突高度明显降低,经寻问患者,因睡觉姿势未注意保护患侧再造外耳,导致形成的外耳经常受压所致.结论 自体肋软骨多层拼接雕刻耳支架耳廓形成术临床效果好,可以使成形的外耳横实达到正常高度,从而避免在Ⅲ期手术时再次肋软骨移植以增加横突高度.     

先天性小耳畸形自体肋软骨移植Ⅰ期耳再造的手术配合

目的 探讨先天性小耳畸形自体肋软骨移植Ⅰ期耳廓再造术的手术配合.方法 回顾性分析30例先天性小耳畸形自体肋软骨移植Ⅰ期耳廓再造术的手术配合要点,包括术前访视加强对患者的心理护理,手术物品、药物的准备齐全;术中巡回护士熟悉手术步骤,为患者摆放舒适、恰当体位,密切监护生命体征、保持引流管位置的正确及通畅;术中器械护士严格执行无菌技术,积极、密切的配合等.结果 30例患者均成功手术,未出现明显护理差错.术后仅耳廓伤口轻度疤痕增生1例、局部表皮缺失1例、皮肤色泽颜色暗红3例,经创面换药、扩血管药物等治疗后好转;无软骨外露或皮瓣坏死;再造耳廓位置、形态、大小和对侧相似,家属均表示满意.结论 有效的护理及手术配合有利于先天性小耳畸形自体肋软骨移植Ⅰ期耳廓再造的手术成功、提高手术质量.     

先天性小耳畸形自体肋软骨移植Ⅰ期耳廓再造术的手术配合

目的　探讨先天性小耳畸形自体肋软骨移植Ⅰ期耳廓再造术的手术配合。方法　回顾性分析30例先天性小耳畸形自体肋软骨移植Ⅰ期耳廓再造术的手术配合要点,包括术前访视加强对患者的心理护理,手术物品、药物的准备齐全;术中巡回护士熟悉手术步骤,为患者摆放舒适、恰当体位,密切监护生命体征、保持引流管位置的正确及通畅;术中器械护士严格执行无菌技术,积极、密切的配合等。结果　30例患者均成功手术,未出现明显护理差错。术后仅耳廓伤口轻度疤痕增生1例、局部表皮缺失1例、皮肤色泽颜色暗红3例,经创面换药、扩血管药物等治疗后好转;无软骨外露或皮瓣坏死;再造耳廓位置、形态、大小和对侧相似,家属均表示满意。结论　有效的护理及手术配合有利于先天性小耳畸形自体肋软骨移植Ⅰ期耳廓再造的手术成功、提高手术质量。     

先天性小耳畸形耳廓再造术儿童的围手术期护理

先天性小耳畸形是胚胎发育早期受多种因素影响造成的第一、二腮弓发育障碍所致的一种综合症[1],临床上表现为外耳廓畸形或者缺失,外耳道闭锁和中耳畸形,常伴有颌面部畸形[2]。先天性小耳畸形给患儿身心造成一定的影响,我科自2007年3月～2009年5月共收治14岁以下的儿童患者500例,     

耳廓再造术治疗先天性小耳畸形患者的围手术期护理

先天性小耳畸形,也称先天性小耳畸形综合征,是由于耳廓先天发育不良所造成的一种小耳畸形,常伴有外耳道闭锁,中耳畸形,颌面畸形。耳廓畸形不仅在形态和功能两方面造成缺陷,而且对人的心理发育造成极大影响,此类患者需行耳廓部分或全部再造[1]。     

先天性小耳畸形患者术前及术后护理指导

我科自 1997年 1月至 2 0 0 0年底 ,共收治先天性小耳畸形患者 66例 ,均采用皮肤软组织扩张法行耳廓再造术 ,术后取得满意效果。在此类手术患者的护理过程中 ,我们体会到 :护士对患者及家属实施全面、正确、细致的术前、术后指导 ,增进了护患感情交流 ,帮助患者克服紧张、焦虑、恐惧等不良情绪 ,提高患者对自身疾病知识的认识 ,达到患者及家属积极配合手术和护理的目的 ,从而减少术后并发症的发生 ,促进患者的康复。1　先天性小耳畸形患者的特点1 1　年龄特点　 66例住院患者中 ,年龄最小 6岁 ,最大 37岁 ,平均年龄 16岁。就诊患者多为儿童…     

数字化技术辅助自体肋软骨采伐与耳支架雕刻

目的探讨数字化技术辅助下选择性采伐肋软骨以完成耳支架制备的可行性。方法 2016年10月至2017年8月,针对20例先天性小耳畸形患者肋软骨及耳廓的不同生理特征,在数字化技术辅助下,分别采伐不同数量的肋软骨,用于耳支架的雕刻以完成全耳郭再造。结果 20例患者均顺利完成手术,术后随访平均1.3年,再造耳形态令人满意,切口均一期愈合,无皮肤软组织坏死,无软骨移位。结论将数字化技术有效地应用于肋软骨采伐、耳支架的设计与雕刻,可提高自体肋软骨采伐的精确度,并辅助肋软骨的设计、切割,实现耳再造支架的个性化雕刻,是一种安全可靠的方法。     

扩张法耳再造治疗先天性小耳畸形

目的：探讨皮肤软组织扩张器和自体肋软骨支架移植治疗先天性小耳畸形的修复效果。方法：采用一期皮肤软组织扩张器置入,同时对残耳进行处理;二期使用自体肋软骨雕刻支架移植的方法治疗先天性小耳畸形患者共17例。结果：经1.5～3 年随访观察,除了1例因感染取出耳支架外,其余再造耳廓皮瓣色泽红润、再造耳廓位置、形态、大小和对侧基本一致。结论：组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨支架移植的外耳再造方法,是治疗先天性小耳畸形的适宜方法。     

双侧先天性小耳畸形的耳廓再造术

目的：探讨双侧先天性小耳畸形的外耳再造手术治疗方法。方法：2007年3月～2008年6月对21例双侧先天性小耳畸形采用耳后皮肤扩张结合自体肋软骨支架植入,耳后筋膜瓣掀起,中厚植皮术双侧同期进行外耳再造。结果：经6个月-1年的随访观察,21例中除2例再造耳有不同程度的软骨吸收、变形外,其余再造耳的大小、形状、位置与面部协调,双侧对称,再造耳外形逼真,微细结构显示清晰。结论：对于双侧先天性小耳畸形,同期应用耳后皮肤扩张结合自体肋软骨支架植入,耳后筋膜瓣掀起,中厚植皮术进行外耳再造,方案可行,效果满意,是双侧先天性小耳畸形理想的外耳再造手术治疗方法。     

先天性小耳畸形的皮肤软组织扩张器法外耳再造术

目的探讨先天性小耳畸形的手术修复方法。方法1992年至2005年采用皮肤软组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨支架移植的方法进行外耳再造共3248例。结果经1至13年随访观察，再造耳廓皮瓣色泽红润、柔软、感觉功能无明显异常；移植耳廓软骨支架无软化、吸收、变形；再造耳廓位置、形态、大小和对侧基本一致。结论组织扩张器结合自体肋软骨支架移植的外耳再造方法，疗效满意、并发症少，是先天性小耳畸形理想的手术治疗方法。     

Two-stage reconstruction of the auricle in congenital microtia using autogenous costal cartilage.

The current authors reconstructed the auricles of congenital microtia patients with a two-stage method using autogenous costal cartilage. In the first stage, lobule rotation, fabrication of the cartilage framework, and implantation of the framework were performed. In the second stage, elevation of the auricle using transplantation of the costal cartilage and two local transposition flaps, formation of the tragus, and deepening of the concha were performed. A total of 125 consecutive patients were treated, ranging from seven to 53 years old, from 1990 to 2003. Sixty-nine patients were males and 56 patients were females. Unilateral microtia was present in 114 patients (right 73, left 41), bilateral in 11 patients. Ninety-four cases were the classic sausage-shaped lobule type deformity; the remaining 42 cases presented concha-type deformity. The follow-up period was 6 months to 10 years. One hundred and eighteen cases presented acceptable ear contour after ear reconstruction. Unfavourable results were blunted convolution of the reconstructed ear because of thick fibrous tissue in six cases, mild absorption of carved cartilage by infection in two cases, deformation of the constructed helix occurred in four cases, less projection of the elevated ear in three cases, and hypertrophic scars in three cases. Our procedure produced acceptable contour of the reconstructed auricle with fewer complications than conventional procedures. In addition, careful meticulous manipulation is necessary to create natural contour of the ear and to reduce complications in all stages.     

唇裂继发鼻畸形患者自体肋软骨移植整复的围术期护理

对49例唇裂继发鼻畸形的患者采用自体肋软骨切取移植手术方法进行修复.结果 手术全部成功,术后患者均恢复正常鼻部形态结构.术前做好供骨区与移植区的备皮护理,术后注意供骨区冷敷,移植区保暖,保持血液循环通畅,预防性使用抗生素,保持鼻孔内所填塞的橡皮管通畅,是预防移植物感染坏死的重要措施.     

后腹腔镜下微波消融术治疗肾错构瘤患者的围术期护理

目的 总结后腹腔镜下微波消融术治疗肾错构瘤患者的围术期护理方法.方法 对56例肾错构瘤患者行后腹腔镜下微波消融术,术前加强健康指导、做好术前准备,术后加强引流管护理、呼吸道护理、体位护理、下肢功能锻炼及并发症的护理等.结果 患者均成功完成后腹腔镜下微波消融术,术后1例发生尿瘘,予留置双J管治愈,其他患者未出现严重并发症,于术后4～11 d出院.结论 良好的围术期护理能降低手术对患者生理及心理上的创伤,减少术后并发症发生,加速患者康复.     

The versatile autogenous costal cartilage graft in septorhinoplasty

Secondary septorhinoplasty often requires a large amount of tissue, and autogenous costal cartilage is one type of grafting material that can be used in these cases. In this study, 20 patients with severe nasal deformity received autogenous costal cartilage grafts. Nineteen of the 20 cases were revisions. Costal cartilage grafts were used for structural and nonstructural purposes in these patients. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 32 months. The complications included 1 patient with early wound infection and 3 with minor warping. There were no problems with graft resorption or extrusion. Other than temporary pain, there were also no complications at the donor sites. We conclude that the autogenous costal cartilage graft is an outstanding material for volume filling and structural support when large amounts of tissue are needed in septorhinoplasty.     

可调压式分流管治疗老年脑积水患者的围术期护理

目的 探讨可调压式分流管治疗老年脑积水的护理方法.方法 对28例老年脑积水患者采用可调压式分流管治疗护理.术前加强心理护理、术前准备及安全护理,术后观察生命体征和呼吸循环系统变化,做好切口护理及并发症的观察和处理.结果 术后脑积水症状完全改善27例,1例未改善.结论 对老年脑积水患者采用可调压式分流管治疗,配合积极、严密的护理,可减少并发症发生.     

保留括约肌根治低位肛周脓肿患者的围术期护理

对62例低位肛周脓肿患者采取挂线引流保留括约肌根治术,结果较好地保护了肛门功能。住院14～35d,平均住院22.5d,无术后出血、肛门狭窄、肛瘘、感觉性排便失禁病例。提出术前对原发病灶及肛门功能进行有效正确的评估,加强术后切口观察与护理及并发症的早期识别和干预,针对性地进行健康教育,对防止复发,促进患者康复可起到举足轻重的作用。     

Concentric and eccentric carved costal cartilage: a comparison of warping

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a systematic, concentric graft-carving technique results in less warping than eccentric carving. METHODS: Costal cartilage from ribs 3 through 9 were harvested from fresh human cadavers. Concentric dorsal grafts were carved from cartilage obtained from one side of the cadaver (n = 7) and eccentric grafts were carved from the opposite side (n = 11). After carving, grafts were placed in saline sponges (isotonic sodium chloride) for 1 hour, and photographs were then taken from a lateral and a frontal view. Identical photographs were taken after 2 weeks of incubation in saline (36.7 degrees C). The angle of curvature was measured from the photographs. RESULTS: More warping occurred in the eccentric group than the concentric group on lateral view at 1 hour (4.4 degrees vs 0.4 degrees; P<.001) and at 2 weeks (5.8 degrees vs 1.4 degrees; P = .003). Eccentric grafts progressively warped between the 1-hour and 2-week points. CONCLUSION: Meticulous concentric carving of costal cartilage grafts may minimize the complication of graft warping.     

糖尿病足介入治疗患者的围术期护理

目的 总结糖尿病足介入治疗患者的围术期护理特点,为临床护理工作提供参考.方法 对27例(40条患肢)糖尿病足患者行介入治疗,采取个性化的护理.结果 27例患者术后住院期间均未发生严重并发症,患肢不适症状明显缓解,足背动脉搏动增强,皮温升高.9例足部溃疡或坏疽患者,7例溃疡面愈合良好,2例溃疡面减小.2例坏疽患者仅行足趾截肢术.结论 糖尿病足介入治疗可显著改善患者的临床症状,降低截肢平面.围术期消除患者消极心态、控制血糖、预防并发症,密切观察和防范出血是巩固介入治疗效果的重要护理措施.     

The use of autogenous costal cartilage graft in septorhinoplasty

INTRODUCTION: Reconstructive septorhinoplasty in complex nasal deformities often requires harvesting a large amount of tissue for grafting. Autogenous septal cartilage has generally been considered the gold standard grafting material. The aim of this paper was to report our experience with the use of costal cartilage grafts in cases with significant structural deformities and insufficient septal cartilage. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. PATIENTS: Between 1998 and 2006, 37 patients underwent septorhinoplasty using costal cartilage as the primary source for grafting. Twenty-two men and 14 women with a median age of 42 were enrolled in the study. Patient demographics, indications for surgery, and immediate and late complications were reviewed. The follow-up range was 3 to 72 months. CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous costal cartilage graft is a viable option in reconstructive septorhinoplasty. We advocate the use of this graft in septorhinoplasty cases requiring a large volume of tissue and insufficient septal cartilage.