不同通风模式下地铁车站内列车火灾的数值模拟

发生火灾时为乘客营造安全的撤离路径是地铁车站环控系统的重要任务.针对地铁车站环境控制系统设计中常用的两种紧急通风模式,使用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,采用重正化群(RNG)k-ε双方程湍流模型,分别对地铁车站内列车头部、中部和尾部3个不同火源位置的列车火灾进行了三维数值模拟,得到了不同通风模式下的烟气浓度分布.通过分析和比较,认为在列车头部发生火灾时,仅依靠事故风机难以提供足够的能见度,应同时打开站台下排风系统和车行顶道排风系统辅助排烟,其效果在列车中部火灾模拟中得到了验证.列车尾部发生火灾时,推挽式通风模式的效果稍好于全排风通风模式,但也不够理想.文章为地铁车站环控设计中紧急通风模式的选型提供了参考,并对数值模拟方法在地铁车站环控系统设计中的应用进行了探讨.     

地铁岛式站台火灾环境监测与控制

采用CFD方法监测了上海地铁一号线人民广场站站台火灾环境下,采用事故风机+站台空调通风与回风+站台下侧排烟的强制通风、不同屏蔽门开启方式对烟气温度场、CO分布及浓度的影响.结果表明:着火6 min时,强制通风可使站台楼梯口温度Tavg<50.73℃,[CO]avg<150 ppm,并基本消除CO由站台层向站厅层的扩散;部分开启屏蔽门可实现站台层烟气向站台隧道的抽吸,增加站台安全撤离区域.结果同时指出站台层至站厅层个别楼梯口的温度、风速及风向尚未完全达到地铁设计规范要求,需要进一步分析原因.     

基于BIM的地铁火灾屏蔽门开启方式研究

利用BIM技术建立三维物理模型,模拟在2.5MW火源功率下的地铁站台中部火灾,探讨三种通风模式下,屏蔽门开启方式对烟气在站台层的蔓延、有毒气体浓度、站台温度的影响.研究结果表明:在自然通风模式下,选择屏蔽门关闭最优;站台主风机开启模式,选择屏蔽门全部关闭或全部打开可以较好地控制站台烟气扩散;在辅助风机模式下,选择屏蔽门单侧开启既可以满足降低站台温度的要求,也可满足CO体积分数和能见度的分布要求.     

基于CFD方法的地铁通风方案模拟与优化

将CFD方法引入到地铁通风方案的选取上,模拟一个典型侧式站台工况,通过与实际测量数据进行比较,证实了采用CFD方法对地铁通风系统进行仿真是完全可行与有效的.同时确定了最为合理的求解模型和边界条件.     

优化地铁站台气流分布对通风效果的改进作用

为提高某地铁站台通风效果，建立了气流运动的数学模型，模拟气流分布，分析了气体流动的计划时间、留置时间和绕行时间对空气龄的影响，通过增加吊顶送风、隧道送风或者串联隧道送风和站台排风的方法优化气流分布，降低了气流绕过楼梯阻碍的时间，从而解决了站台局部空气龄的异常，成功地改善了通风效果．     

地铁隧道火灾事故通风方式数值模拟

为了有效解决地铁隧道火灾时期烟气流动及其毒性分布对人员疏散的影响问题,以天津地铁区间隧道为研究对象,针对火灾列车停留在隧道中部的火灾工况,利用FLUENT软件,采用简化的PDF燃烧模型、浮力修正的k-ε湍流模型和P-1辐射模型,对不同事故通风方式下隧道内烟气进行数值模拟,并根据烟气的"边界层吸附效应"原理,论证模拟效果。结果表明:不同通风方式对隧道烟气蔓延范围、温度及毒性分布的影响较大;10MW火灾规模时,地铁隧道采用开放式推迟加压的通风方式能够在有效引导烟气流动的同时,为人员提供更充裕的疏散时间。该研究成果对地铁隧道火灾时期通风排烟的有效组织和人员安全疏散具有一定参考价值和指导意义。     

纵向通风水平隧道火灾烟气流动特性研究

地铁隧道火灾烟气控制是城市公共安全的一个重要组成部分。在分析地铁隧道火灾烟气流动主要影响因素的基础上，将地铁隧道通风和排烟系统作为一个整体考虑，引入地铁隧道火灾烟气的浮力效应和热阻效应，建立了隧道通风网络火灾模拟的数学模型，分析了地铁隧道火灾烟气逆流的临界条件、临界流速、隧道风流及烟流流速与火灾强度的变化关系，为地铁隧道火灾烟气控制和事故应急处理提供科学依据。     

全高安全门地铁车站火灾时烟气流动特性的模型实验

搭建了安装全高安全门系统的双层岛式地铁车站1∶8模型实验台,通过比例模型实验,重点研究了轨道区一端发生火灾,烟气在站台轨道区以及站台公共区的流动特性.结果表明,在火灾的增长阶段,如果机械排烟系统不开启,轨道区烟气会通过全高安全门顶端空隙扩散到站台公共区,并阻断距火源较近的楼梯口的疏散通道;当机械排烟系统开启时,烟气向站台公共区的扩散速度得到明显控制,但由于站台轨顶各排烟口排烟特性的不均匀性,远离排烟风机的火源附近,烟气通过全高安全门顶端空隙扩散到了站台公共区.如果能使各排烟口排风量均匀,则将提高控制烟气向站台公共区扩散的效果.     

地铁通风空调系统节能分析

为减少地铁通风空调系统能耗,合理利用地铁活塞风,在对国内外地铁通风空调系统节能现状分析的基础上,对南京地铁1号线地铁通风空调系统能耗影响因素进行分析,建立了地铁通风空调的物理和数学模型,运用地铁热湿负荷分析模拟软件（STESS）,得出了各种运营模式下地铁通风空调能耗曲线,确定了地铁通风空调系统优化运营模式。近2年的实际运行表明,通风空调系统节能达20%,与理论分析模拟相吻合。     

地铁站台屏蔽门渗漏风量计算与分析

首先对影响地铁站台屏蔽门渗漏风量的因素进行了总结分析,然后以广州地铁某岛式站台车站为例,使用通风网络和计算流体力学的方法进行分析,提出通过模拟计算求得屏蔽门漏风量的可行方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~