Stabilization of polypropylene, polypropylene blends with poly (styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) under irradiation: A comparative investigation

The aim of this paper is to investigate the stabilization of polypropylene in the poly (styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS)/polypropylene (PP) blends under irradiation with respect to PP. The PP films, SEBS/PP films were subjected to electron beam irradiation and characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). It demonstrated that upon irradiation, the molecular weight of PP had a pronounced decrease due to the major chain scission, and the minor chain cross-linking or chain branching occurred at the higher irradiation dose. Stabilization of PP was improved in the presence of SEBS, exhibiting an enhanced irradiation resistance.     

电子束辐照制备微孔阵列聚丙烯膜的研究

采用电子束辐照方法成功制备了微孔阵列聚丙烯(PP)膜,将微孔阵列掩膜覆盖在聚丙烯膜上,在电子束下进行辐照,然后将样品在蚀刻剂中进行蚀刻,即可得到微孔阵列聚丙烯膜,其孔径为200μm.在研究中采用XRD、GPC、DSC等仪器分别测定了不同剂量辐照的PP样品的结晶度和分子量,分析了它们可能存在的内在联系及其对蚀刻工艺的影响,并对不同方法测得的结晶度结果进行了对比;探讨了蚀刻时间、蚀刻温度、蚀刻剂浓度等因素对蚀刻结果的影响;使用电子拉力机测定了不同电子束辐照剂量PP膜的力学性能;采用电子显微镜对制备的微孔阵列聚丙烯膜图案和孔径进行了相关表征.     

Effect of 4MeV electron beam irradiation on carbon films

Pulsed KrF excimer laser is used to deposit tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) thin films on Si (1 1 1) single crystal substrates at room temperature under vacuum ∼10⁻⁶ mbars. The pristine deposited films are then irradiated by 4 MeV electron beam at doses varying from 1000 to 4000 cGy. Analysis through AFM illustrates that the irradiation of electron has induced cluster formation on the film surface and increased the surface roughness. Optical properties (n, α and Tauc optical band gap) measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry and electrical resistivity measured by four probe technique are found to depend strongly on electron dose. High electron doses cause significant alteration in order/disorder or sp² states in the film which is the main cause of modifying band gap in the carbon films. The electrical conductivity of the films also increases by increasing electron dose which is due to tunneling of charge carriers through neighbouring conductive chains. The present electron irradiation process at varying electron doses proved to be successful to modulate the optical and electrical properties of carbon films.     

电子束辐照制备Pd/TiO2光催化薄膜

用电子束辐照浸泡在浓度分别为1×10-5、1×10-4、1×10-3、1×10-2和1×10-1mol/L的PdCl2溶液中的TiO2薄膜,在TiO2薄膜表面形成Pd纳米颗粒.通过X射线衍射(X-ray diffractometry,XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(Field emission scanning electron microscope,FESEM)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)和紫外可见(Ultraviolet visible,UV-Vis)吸收光谱对辐照后的Pd/TiO2薄膜进行表征.分析表明,TiO2薄膜表面上沉积了直径20-50 nm的颗粒,为面心立方结晶的金属Pd;Pd/TiO2薄膜的UV-Vis光谱吸收边向可见光方向发生了偏移.用甲基橙作为光催化降解反应物,研究了Pd/TiO2薄膜分别在紫外光、可见光作用下的光催化降解效率.结果表明,Pd/TiO2薄膜的光催化能力显著地提高,在紫外光、可见光作用下的光催化效率分别提高了2.25倍和3.4倍.     

Effect of electron beam radiation on the polypropylene/polyethylene blends: Radiation stabilization of polypropylene

The effect of incorporation of polyethylene in the polypropylene matrix, on the radiation sensitivity of polypropylene, has been investigated. The changes in the properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, Shore D hardness, density and melt flow index were monitored as function of polyethylene content and electron beam radiation dose. A correlation between the mechanical properties and morphology of the irradiated polymeric blends has been observed, which has been explained on the basis of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction studies. Improvement in the mechanical properties of the polypropylene, irradiated to an optimum electron beam dose, could be achieved by blending it with polyethylene >20%. The optimum radiation dose was found to be dependent on blend composition and morphology, however, an absorbed dose of 250 kGy found to be effective enough to ensure good mechanical properties of the polypropylene/polyethylene blends.     

LED电子束辐照实验在线监测系统

随着发光二极管(Light Emitting Diode,LED)应用需求的增加,对其电子束辐照效应的研究是目前的热点,因此需要设计一个数据获取系统,实时监测发光二极管性能参数在辐照过程中的变化。利用小电流计、功率计、光谱仪、低压电源等设备完成系统硬件搭建,以Lab VIEW为开发平台完成了对串行通讯接口RS-232、通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus,USB)和局域网(Local Area Network,LAN)三种接口通信协议的软件实现,并进行数据存储和显示,在局域网内利用远程桌面连接实现远程监测。利用该系统完成了在1.5 Ge V电子束辐照过程中对Ga N光电特性参数和环境参数的实时采集、存储和显示。     

电子束辐照对多酚氧化酶活性及结构的影响

应用圆二色谱及SDS-PAGE技术分析电子束辐照对多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性及结构的影响。结果发现:电子束辐照可在一定程度上降低PPO酶活性;圆二色谱分析发现电子束辐照处理后,PPO酶蛋白质二级结构相对含量发生改变,但a螺旋、b折叠和b转角总含量在吸收剂量4.83 kGy时总量变化不大,当吸收剂量4.83 kGy时,随着剂量的增加含量不断下降,无规则卷曲呈上升趋势。SDS-PAGE电泳实验结果表明,辐照处理下PPO酶同时发生交联和降解反应。上述结果提示电子束辐照对PPO酶活性有一定的抑制作用。     

电子辐照PVA/CMC共混水凝胶的成胶研究

本试验利用电子辐照PVA/CMC共混水凝胶,通过外观透明度、凝胶分数、溶胀度和红外光谱分析,研究了样品中结构的变化与外观透明度、凝胶分数和溶胀度的关系,以及辐照剂量对样品中结构和性能的影响.结果表明,不同比例的PVA与相同比例的CMC组成的共混水凝胶,经电子辐照后呈现不同的宏观特性.辐照样品萃取后得到的凝胶比萃取前的混合凝胶拥有更强的吸水性,表明辐照PVA/CMC共混凝胶形成了网状结构凝胶.几种竞争反应导致不同辐照剂量下混合凝胶中凝胶含量随PVA含量的变化变得复杂.辐照后样品的红外光谱分析显示,辐照使凝胶中部分仲醇中C上链接的H原子被取代而转变为叔醇,从而产生交联.     

电子束辐照对冷却猪肉杀菌保鲜效果的研究

利用电子束辐照技术对冷却猪肉的杀菌和保鲜效果进行了研究,为电子束辐照技术应用于肉类加工业提供应用依据。以束流能量（X1）和辐照吸收剂量（X2）为试验因子,以菌落总数（Y）为指标,通过响应面分析法（RSM）研究了电子束辐照杀菌的效果及对货架期的影响。电子束辐照对冷却猪肉杀菌效果的二次多项数学模型为：Y=3．78—0．24X1-0．13X2-0．16X1X2—0．18X1^2＋0．15X2^2（R^2=0．9755）。辐照吸收剂量与束流能量之间存在协同增效作用,试验因子的显著性顺序为：剂量〉交互作用〉束流能量。使冷却肉初始菌数下降2个对数单位的辐照参数范围为3．23-4．0kGy,2．3～3．8MeV。经电子束辐照的冷却猪肉样品在4℃条件下贮藏,货架期比对照样品延长12d左右;在7～10℃条件下保存,货架期比对照延长9d左右。研究结果表明,电子束辐照对冷却猪肉具有杀菌保鲜作用,该研究对电子束辐照技术应用于冷却猪肉的生产实践具有指导意义。     

苯胺类污染物的电子束辐照降解研究

苯胺及其衍生物是一类主要的环境污染物，许多已被我国及欧洲国家列为优先污染物。本工作研究了苯胺、对硝基苯胺和间氯苯胺水溶液的电子束辐照降解过程。三种溶液初始浓度均为0．5mmol／L，其辐照前后稀释五倍的紫外可见吸收光谱表明，苯胺在230nin的吸收峰，对硝基苯胺在380nm的吸收峰，以及间氯苯胺在236nm的吸收峰，均随辐照吸收剂量的增加而逐渐降低。辐照吸收剂量为23kGy时，     

Spectroscopic analysis and mechanical properties of electron beam irradiated polypropylene/epoxidized natural rubber (PP/ENR) polymer blends

Polymer blends based on different ratios of polypropylene (PP) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) were prepared by melt extrusion into sheets. The PP/ENR blends were exposed to various dose of accelerated electrons. The formation of free radicals during and after electron beam irradiation was illustrated by electron spin resonance (ESR). Also, the effect of electron beam irradiation on the mechanical and structural morphology was investigated by stress-strain behavior and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ESR spectra indicated the formation of alkyl and allyl radicals during electron beam irradiation and peroxyl radicals during the post effect. The rate of radical decay was found to be second-order kinetics. The improvement in mechanical properties and structural morphology was confirmed to be due to the effect of electron beam irradiation.     

Preparation of ion-track membranes of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide): Control of pore shape by irradiation with different ion beams

The preparation of ion-track membranes of thermally stable poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) was performed by ion beam irradiation followed by chemical etching with a sodium hypochlorite solution. Cylindrical pores were observed in the membrane irradiated with ¹⁹⁷Au and ²³⁸U ions at an energy of 11.1 MeV/n. In contrast, funnel shape pores appeared in the membrane irradiated with ⁸⁴Kr, ¹⁰²Ru and ¹²⁹Xe ion at energies of 6.2, 3.6 and 3.5 MeV/n, respectively. The ¹⁹⁷Au and ²³⁸U ion irradiation was found to exhibit more than four times larger sensitivity to the track etching under the same etching conditions. Consequently, the pore shape can be controlled by the masses and energies of the irradiated ions, in close relation to the etching sensitivity of the track.     

氧化锡气体传感器的电子束辐照效应

There are many traditional ways to improve sensitivity and selectivity of semiconductor gas sensors, such as metal ions adulteration and surface modification. In this paper 1.75 MeV electron beam was used to modify surface structure of tin dioxide gas sensors, and the gas sensing characteristics were studied. Results showed that the sensitivity and selectivity of SnO2 sensors were improved after the electron beam irradiation.     

Dose intercomparison studies for 60Co gamma-ray and electron beam irradiation in the year 2002

1 Introduction With the rapid development of radiation process- ing by electron beam irradiation in China, it is more Ever since 1962, alanine/EPR dosimetry system and more needed to establish a transfer dosimetryhas been used to measure the absorbed dose.[1] Its ad- system with high accuracy to assure the quality of thevantages over othe…     

Electron beam-induced crosslinking of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)

Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was crosslinked by electron beam irradiation and their properties were investigated in this research. PBAT films prepared by a solution casting method were crosslinked by electron beam under various absorbed doses ranging 20-200 kGy and their properties were characterized by using a crosslinking degree measurement, a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), universal testing machine (UTM), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and thermal mechanical analyzer (TMA). The results of the crosslinking degree measurement revealed that the PBAT could be crosslinked by electron beam irradiation and its crosslinking degree was dependant on the absorbed dose. In addition, the results of the UTM, DMA, TMA, and TGA analyses revealed that the thermal and mechanical properties of the crosslinked PBS was much improved in comparison to those of the control PBAT.     

电子束辐照烟气脱硫的初步实验结果

燃煤、燃油的工厂所排放的烟气中含有一定浓度的SO_2及NO_x。它们是造成大气污染和酸雨的主要物质。它使大片森林死亡、水生生物灭绝、农作物大面积减产。在医学方面,低浓度SO_2长期作用于上呼吸道和肺部,会引起呼吸道功能降低,引起和加重呼吸系统疾患。 对排放的烟气进行处理,消除其中的SO_2和NO_x是一种有效的治理措施。实际应用的烟气脱硫方法已有十多种。这些方法从经济、脱硫效率、以及产生二次污染物等方面看,均还     

电子束辐照接枝对棉织物抗皱/拒水拒油性能的影响

利用MG-6600型拒水拒油剂以及柠檬酸抗皱剂,以轧烘焙、电子束辐照接枝、等离子体预处理-电子束辐照接枝三种工艺对棉织物进行后整理。傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)证明拒水拒油剂与柠檬酸已成功接枝于棉纤维上;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明经三种工艺整理后的棉织物表面均有一层覆盖物,且经等离子预处理后的织物表面出现纵向条纹。通过测量棉织物折皱回复角(WRA)、对水的接触角(WCA)、对油(正十六烷)的接触角(OCA)大小来表征织物性能的变化。结果表明,在等离子体预处理-电子束辐照接枝工艺条件下,棉织物的抗皱、拒水、拒油性能达到最优,其WRA为185.9°,WCA为158.9°,OCA为129.1°,断裂强力、白度值均能满足服用要求,同时棉织物的耐水洗性能大大提高。     

Chemical and physical properties of poly（vinyl alcohol）hydrogel films formed by irradiation

Chemical and physical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) hydrogel films were investigated as a function of production factors.The experimental results show that the gel fraction depends strongly on the radiation dose.the degree of swelling is inversely dependent on the concentration of PVA solution,the tensile strength depends mainly on the PVA blending ration and the elongation at break is inversely dependent on the radiation dose.     

Visible light active TiO2 films prepared by electron beam deposition of noble metals

TiO₂ films prepared by sol-gel method were modified by electron beam deposition of noble metals (Pt, Pd, and Ag). Effects of noble metals on the chemical and surface characteristics of the films were studied using XPS, TEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. Photocatalytic activity of modified TiO₂ films was evaluated by studying the degradation of methyl orange dye solution under visible light UV irradiation. The result of TEM reveals that most of the surface area of TiO₂ is covered by tiny particles of noble metals with diameter less than 1 nm. Broad red shift of UV-Visible absorption band of modified photocatalysts was observed. The catalytic degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solutions under visible light illumination demonstrates a significant enhancement of photocatalytic activity of these films compared with the un-loaded films. The photocatalytic efficiency of modified TiO₂ films by this method is affected by the concentration of impregnating solution.     

Synthesis of CdS nanocrystals by electron beam irradiation of a Cd-mercaptopropionic acid aqueous solution

We investigated a simple route for synthesizing CdS nanocrystals (NCs) via irradiation of a CdCl₂ + mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) aqueous solution with a 10-MeV electron beam without using any additional sulfur precursors or stabilizers. When the concentration of the MPA was fixed to 2.5 mM, the morphology and optical properties of the NCs were changed by varying the CdCl₂ concentration. Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, a 0.4 mM concentration of CdCl₂ (the-MPA rich case) created only spherical quantum dots (QDs) with an average diameter of 6.6 nm. When the concentration of CdCl₂ was increased to 5 mM (the cadmium-rich case), nanorods with an average diameter of 5.3 nm and an average aspect ratio of 8.2 were formed along with QDs with diameter of 4.9 nm. The crystalline structures of the NCs were verified to be hexagonal.