小杂鱼脱脂技术的研究

以小杂鱼或低值鱼为原料，采用常温溶剂萃取法进行脱脂，研究了不同溶剂、溶剂混合比、流速和萃取时间对鱼类脱脂的影响。结果表明，在常温下用等体积的异丙醇和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂，以流速4-8mL／min连续萃取4—6h，脱脂鱼肉的脂肪平均含量ω为0．19％，脱脂率高达96．26％。该方法的溶剂损耗量为加热溶剂萃取法的1／3倍。     

对虾体内4种真菌毒素超声萃取LC-MS/MS检测及其蓄积分布特征

【目的】建立超声辅助萃取高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)同步检测对虾各组织及血液中黄曲霉毒素(AflatoxinB1,AFB1)、T-2毒素(T-2)、赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenol,DON)。【方法】取对虾肌肉、头胸部、虾壳、肝胰腺、肠道和血液样品,采用乙腈/水(体积比85∶15)为提取溶剂,20℃超声辅助萃取60 min,正己烷脱脂,以MycoSpinTM 400柱净化,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行检测,用Hypersil Gold-C18色谱柱分离;以流动相甲醇和5 mmol/L的乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.25 mL/min;采用正负离子扫描模式,外标法定量。【结果】4种真菌毒素在各自线性范围内线性良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99,定量限为0.3～3.0μg/kg,回收率为75.0%～105.4%,相对标准偏差(Relative standard deviation, RSD)为2.1%～14.5%,通过超声辅助萃取条件优化,显著提高了对虾组织中真菌毒素的提取率。【结论】LC-MS/MS方法前处理简单、检测速度快、净化效果好、结果准确、可靠,适合对虾各组织中多种真菌毒素的快速检测。真菌毒素在对虾不同组织中的蓄积特征,AFB1、T-2、OTA和DON均主要蓄积于对虾肠道与血液中,蓄积率分别达到43%～52%和31%～45%,头部、肌肉、肝胰腺和外壳蓄积率均低于10%,并非真菌毒素残留的靶向组织。     

利用小杂鱼、低值鱼提取浓缩鱼蛋白

以小杂鱼、低值鱼为原料,采用溶剂萃取法研究了溶剂种类、温度、时间和溶剂量对鱼蛋白提取过程中脱水、脱脂、脱色和脱腥的影响,筛选出提取浓缩鱼蛋白的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在该工艺条件下制得的浓缩鱼蛋白,其蛋白质含量高达９２．２８％,脂肪含量仅为０．０９２％。     

利用小杂鱼,低值鱼提取浓缩鱼蛋白

以小杂鱼、低值鱼为原料,采用溶剂萃取法研究了溶剂种类温度、时间和溶剂量对鱼蛋白提取过程中脱水、脱脂、脱色和脱腥的影响,筛选出提取浓缩鱼蛋白最佳工艺条件。结果表明：在该工艺条件下制得的浓缩鱼蛋白提取其蛋白质含量达９２．２８％,脂肪含量仅为０．０９２％。     

荧光分光光度法测定海洋贝类体总石油烃的方法研究

研究和建立了一种测定海洋贝类体中总石油烃的改进方法 ,即控温强碱直接皂化、乙醚萃取、正己烷溶解、荧光分光光度仪测定法。该方法的最低检测限为 0 .1 2 mg/kg(大港原油当量 ) ,变异系数( CV) 3 .2 %～ 4 .6% ,相对误差 ( RE) -4 .0 %～ 1 .8% ,具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高和费用低廉等特点。     

CTAB对改善Cr(Ⅵ)萃取的研究

以煤油为溶剂,TBP为萃取剂,研究了CTAB对于Cr（Ⅵ）萃取率的影响.结果表明,CTAB能够有效改善Cr（Ⅵ）迁移效果,且在一定条件下,可使Cr（Ⅵ）萃取率提高到98%,应用于实际电镀废液,回收率在90%以上.     

水流速率对全缘马尾藻幼孢子体生长和生理活性的影响

在0、0.5、1、2、4、8 cm/s 等5 种不同水流速率下培养全缘马尾藻（Sargassum integerrimum）幼孢子体,研究水流速率对幼孢子体质量、叶绿素a 含量、SOD 活力、CAT 活力和蛋白质浓度等生理指标的影响.结果表明,以1、2、4 cm/s 流速的幼孢子体质量增长最快,3 种流速的增长差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）.在生理指标方面：叶绿素a 含量以1、2、4 cm/s 流速最高,3 种流速的含量差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）;SOD 比活性以流速0.5、1、2 cm/s 的活力最低,各组间差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）;CAT 比活性以流速1、2 cm/s 的活力最低,组间差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）;蛋白质含量以1、2、4 cm/s 流速最大,组间差异具统计学意义（P〈0.05）.水流速率对体质量增长和各生化指标均产生显著的影响,以流速1～4 cm/s 培育全缘马尾藻培幼孢子体较合适.     

溶剂萃取原子吸收光谱法测定高纯石英砂中痕量铁

高纯石英砂用HF等溶剂溶解并蒸干后,在微酸性介质中用抗坏血酸还原Fe^3＋为Fe^2＋,与1,10-二氮杂菲形成Fe2＋3络合物,加入适量ClO4^-阴离子与之形成离子缔合物,用硝基苯萃取,原子吸收测定有机相,本法检出限1.1μg/g,样品分析结果的RSD%为：4.52～10.3.     

CTAB对改善Cr(VI)萃取的研究

以煤油为溶剂,TBP为萃取剂,研究了CTAB对于Cr(VI)萃取率的影响。结果表明,CTAB能够有效改善Cr(VI)迁移效果,且在一定条件下,可使Cr(VI)萃取率提高到98%,应用于实际电镀废液,回收率在90%以上。     

水产饲料中三聚氰胺检测方法的优化

通过对高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定水产饲料中三聚氰胺含量的方法进行优化,得到最佳色谱条件和前处理方法,建立了水产饲料中三聚氰胺的检测方法。结果表明:以体积比8∶92的乙腈、庚烷磺酸钠离子对试剂为流动相,柱温40℃,流速1.2 mL/min,以波长236 nm检测;以提取液为18 mL50%(φ)乙腈水+1 mL乙酸锌+1 mL1mol/L盐酸,淋洗液3 mL水和3 mL甲醇,洗脱体积6 mL作样品前处理。三聚氰胺加标回收率为85%～100%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%,线性范围为0.2 mg/L～5.0mg/L,相关系数0.999 8,方法检出限为0.2 mg/kg。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。