补肾、健脾和活血化瘀方药对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的比较性研究

采用去卵巢大鼠模型，在确定单一因素的条件下比较性研究三种治则对骨代谢的影响。４０只４月龄ＳＤ♀大鼠，随机分为５组，每组８只。Ⅰ组：假手术组（ｓｈａｍ），Ⅱ组：切除卵巢组（ＯＶＸ），Ⅲ组：切除卵巢加补肾方剂组（ＯＶＸ＋ＴＫＲ），Ⅳ组：切除卵巢加健脾方剂组（ＯＶＸ＋ＩＳＲ），Ⅴ组：切除卵巢加活血化瘀中药组（ＯＶＸ＋ＰＢＣＲ）。术后第７天起，Ⅲ～Ⅴ组灌胃中药，Ⅰ～Ⅱ组灌胃蒸馏水。术后９７天处死动物。行血清、尿生化检测、胫骨骨组织形态计量学检测和股骨骨密度检测。结果：ＯＶＸ与ｓｈａｍ组相比，胫骨ＴＢＶ％明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），股骨的股骨头、粗隆间、踝间窝上骨密度明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。ＯＶＸ＋ＴＫＲ组与ＯＶＸ组相比，胫骨ＴＢＶ％明显上升（Ｐ＜０．０１），股骨各部位骨密度均明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），健脾方剂组基本无延缓去势引起的骨量丢失作用。活血化瘀中药有延缓去势引起的大鼠骨量丢失作用。结果提示：三方相比，补肾方剂有显著性对抗去势引起的大鼠骨量丢失作用。     

腰椎各椎体骨密度的分析

目的分析腰椎各椎体骨密度（ＢＭＤ）的差异。方法对１２１４例在我科进行骨密度检查的２０～８９岁人群,男性３９０例,女性８２４例,除外各种器质性内分泌、消化系统及肿瘤等疾病,用双能Ｘ线骨密度仪（ＤＥＸＡ）测量腰椎ＢＭＤ,通过计算机分析比较各椎体ＢＭＤ值的差异与相互关系,用ＥＸＣＥＬ软件做统计学分析,计数资料进行配对ｔ检验。结果ＢＭＤ值以Ｌ１最低,Ｌ４最高,Ｌ１－２与Ｌ２－４ＢＭＤ女性在４０岁以上有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）,男性在６０岁以上（Ｐ＜０．０５）,８０岁以后无明显差异,女性５０岁以后骨丢失明显快于男性。结论腰椎各椎体ＢＭＤ存在差异,尤以女性明显,其差异与增龄造成的腰椎退行性变的干扰有关     

心脏移植患者DEXA骨密度和血清骨代谢指标检测

目的观察心脏移植患者骨矿物质密度和骨代谢状态的变化。方法采用双能Ｘ线骨密度仪（ＤＥＸＡ）测量９例心脏移植患者和与患者年龄和性别匹配的１８例正常健康者腰椎Ｌ２～４和右侧股骨近端（股骨颈、大转子和Ｗａｒｄ氏三角区）骨密度（ＢＭＤ），同时检测其血清骨代谢指标：成骨细胞活性指标如骨钙素和Ⅰ型前胶原羧基末端前肽（ＰＩＣＰ），破骨细胞功能指标如Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽（ＩＣＴＰ），２５－ＯＨ维生素Ｄ和ＰＴＨ。结果心脏移植患者Ｌ２～４和股骨近端ＢＭＤ水平明显低于与患者年龄和性别匹配的正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。与正常对照组比较，心脏移植患者血清骨钙素（Ｐ＜０．０５）、ＰＩＣＰ和ＩＣＴＰ水平增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），２５－ＯＨ维生素Ｄ和ＰＴＨ正常（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论心脏移植患者存在明显的骨质丢失，其成骨细胞活性和破骨细胞功能增高，但无继发性甲旁亢和维生素Ｄ代谢异常     

DEXA在诊断糖尿病骨质疏松中的价值

本文测定１４９例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者腰椎（Ｌ１～Ｌ４）及股骨上端（股骨颈、Ｗａｒｄ三角、股骨粗隆）骨密度，结果显示，不论男女患者＞４０岁以上各年龄组骨密度均低于正常对照组，提示糖尿病患者有骨量减少。腰椎及股骨上端相关分析表明腰椎（Ｌ１～Ｌ４）各椎体之间相关非常显著（Ｐ＜０．００１），提示腰椎各椎体骨密度丢失速度一致；腰椎与股骨颈、Ｗａｒｄ三角、股骨粗隆相关显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），但相对较小，股骨上端Ｗａｒｄ三角区骨密度减低最为显著。因此，股骨上端骨密度检测优于腰椎，一旦Ｗａｒｄ三角区骨密度降低至２．０ＳＤ以下时，即应做出骨质疏松的诊断。     

大鼠骨量与骨生物力学特性之间的相关性

目的　观察骨质疏松模型大鼠骨量与骨强度之间的关系。方法　采用扇形束双能 Ｘ 线吸收法（ Ｄ Ｘ Ａ）测量５０只 Ｓ Ｄ 大鼠全身、股骨和腰椎（ Ｌ４ Ｌ６）骨量（骨矿含量和密度）。采用三点弯曲试验测量股骨抗弯和压缩试验测量椎体（ Ｌ４）抗压力学特性。结果　鼠体重和鼠全身骨量及股骨骨量与股骨抗弯系数、弹性弯距和最大弯距呈显著正相关（ｒ＝ ０５５２～０８２６, Ｐ＜ ０００１）;鼠体重与股骨的弹性应力（ｒ＝－ ０３６０, Ｐ＜ ００５）和抗弯强度（ｒ＝ － ０３３８, Ｐ＜ ００５）呈显著负相关;腰椎骨矿密度与椎体弹性载（ｒ＝０３２５, Ｐ＜ ００５）和最大载（ｒ＝ ０３４０, Ｐ＜ ００５）呈显著正相关,与弹性应力、抗压强度和弹性模量相关无显著性（ｒ＝ ０１５３～０２７５, Ｐ＞ ００５）。结论　大鼠股骨和全身骨量与抗弯系数、弹性弯距和最大弯距显示高度相关性     

双能X线和单光子吸收法及定量超声诊断骨质疏松症的比较

了解三种方法诊断骨质疏松症（ＯＰ）之间的关系。方法应用双能Ｘ线吸收法（ＤＸＡ）和单光子吸收法（ＳＰＡ）及定量超声（ＱＵＳ），同时随机测量２９４例受试者腰椎后前位和侧位、左侧髓部和前臂骨矿密度（ＢＭＤ）及右侧胫骨超声速度（ＳＯＳ）。结果ＤＸＡ和ＳＰＡ测量桡骨ＯＰ的检出率分别为２５．９％和２１．４％，ＤＸＡ测量腰椎后前位、侧位、侧位兴趣区、Ｗａｒｄ’ｓ区和股骨颈ＯＰ检出率分别为１６．０％、２２．８％、２６．２％、１９．４％和４．４２％，ＱＵＳ的ＯＰ检出率为１７．７％。三种方法及不同部位之间的测量结果呈显著相关（ｒ＝０．４９４～０．９６７，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＤＸＡ测量前臂１／３处ＢＭＤ显著高于ＳＰＡ。诊断ＯＰ的齐同率ＤＸＡ各部位相互之间平均为４０．１％±１５．５％，ＤＸＡ与ＳＰＡ平均为４８．４％±１９．０％，ＱＵＳ与ＤＸＡ和ＳＰＡ平均为３８．８％±１０．２％，各平均值之间无显著差异。结论ＯＰ的检出率取决于受检部位，腰椎侧位兴趣区和挠骨是检出率最高的部位，股骨颈和尺骨是最低的部位。ＳＰＡ与ＤＸＡ测量前臂ＢＭＤ高度相关，诊断结果无显著性差别。     

胫骨定量超声测量及临床应用探讨

用ＳｏｕｎｄＳｃａｎ２０００骨定量超声（ＱＵＳ）仪测量胫骨超声速度（ＳＯＳ），同时与单光子吸收法（ＳＰＡ）测量前臂１／３处骨矿密度（ＢＭＤ）比较。两方法测得２０８例患者和健康志愿者结果相关（ｒ＝０．６７８，Ｐ＜０．００１）。４２例健康绝经妇女ＳＯＳ和ＢＭＤ与绝经时间呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．４１７和－０．４７９，Ｐ＜０．０１），７３例＞４０岁的健康志愿者ＳＯＳ和ＢＭＤ与年龄呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．２９３和－０．３７３，Ｐ＜０．０５）。与性别和年龄相匹配的正常参考值比较，结果＜ｘ－２ｓ者ＱＵＳ检出３４例，占１６．３％；ＳＰＡ２３例，占１１．０％，ＱＵＳ的诊断敏感度约是ＳＰＡ的１．５倍。     

中老年糖尿病Ⅱ型患者骨密度与骨代谢变化的研究

为观察中老年糖尿病（ＤＭ）患者的骨代谢变化，我们应用单光子骨密度仪对９８例中老年ＤＭ患者和正常对照组６３人进行骨密度测量比较，同时对ＤＭ患者进行空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、血钙、血磷、血ＡＫＰ及尿钙、尿磷测定。结果提示：（１）ＢＭＤ降低３５例，占３５．７％，男性ＢＭＤ降低发生率为３２．８％，（Ｐ＜０．０５），女性ＢＭＤ降低率为４０．０％，（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）ＤＭ患者ＢＭＤ正常组与降低组的各项血尿生化指标（血Ｃａ、Ｐ、ＡＫＰ、ＦＢＧ、ＦＩＮＳ，尿Ｃａ、Ｐ）无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；（３）ＤＭ患者各病程组间ＢＭＤ无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），病程与ＢＭＤ亦无明显相关；（４）除血Ｃａ外（ＢＭＤ与血Ｃａ有明显相关，ｒ＝０．２５，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＢＭＤ与它们之间亦无明显相关，说明一般血尿生化指标对中老年ＤＭ患者的骨代谢变化不敏感、无特异性、不可靠。而ＢＭＤ检查则可早期发现骨量减少，预测骨质疏松的发生和骨折的危险性，不失为早期诊断的主要依据     

消化性溃疡患者的骨密度变化

目的　为探讨消化性溃疡（溃疡病）对患者骨密度（ＢＭＤ）的影响。方法本文采用双能Ｘ 线骨密度仪（ＤＥＸＡ）测定了１１４ 例溃疡病患者腰椎及右股骨上端（Ｎｅｃｋ、Ｗ ａｒｄ 三角、Ｔｒｏｃｈ）的骨密度。结果　从疾病、性别、年龄、体重指数（ＢＭＩ）等方面将溃疡病患者ＢＭＤ 的变化与相匹配的正常对照组ＢＭＤ 进行分析比较,发现溃疡病患者ＢＭＤ 广泛低于对照组,以腰椎改变具有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论　溃疡病患者存在明显骨丢失,其骨质疏松症（ＯＰ）患病率为男３１．０３％ 、女４２．８６％ 。     

双能X线吸收法及定量CT法诊断骨质疏松症的比较研究

本研究比较了双能Ｘ线吸法（ＤＸＡ）与定量ＣＴ（ＱＣＴ）在骨质疏松症诊断中的应用。对５６例健康妇女（Ｈ组）及４８例骨折后骨质疏松妇女（ＯＰ组）进行了ＤＸＡ及ＱＣＴ测量。ＤＸＡ与ＱＣＴ在Ｈ、ＯＰ组均显著相关（ｒ＝０．７５，Ｐ＜０．０００１，ｒ＝０．５８，Ｐ＜０．０００１）。Ｈ组及ＯＰ组，随年龄增长的骨减少率，ＱＣＴ较ＤＸＡ法为高。而两组中骨密度的差别，ＱＣＴ较ＤＸＡ法更大（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论；由于ＱＣＴ可以选择性测量椎体松质骨，故可较ＤＸＡ更能很好地区分健康人与骨质疏松病人。     

激肽释放酶激肽系统在大鼠阴茎海绵体表达的研究

目的:研究激肽释放酶激肽系统在成年大鼠阴茎海绵体的表达。方法:利用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RTPCR)技术分别检测SD大鼠阴茎和心脏组织中组织型激肽释放酶Ⅰ和激肽B2型受体mRNA的表达情况。结果:大鼠心脏与阴茎海绵体组织中均表达组织型激肽释放酶Ⅰ和激肽B2型受体mRNA,两者有几乎相同的表达水平,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:在生理状态下,激肽释放酶激肽系统存在于阴茎海绵体组织中,而且与心血管系统的表达水平相当。     

Ischemia-Reperfusion of the Pancreas Induced Hyperresponsiveness of the Airways in Rats

Objectives

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of the rat pancreas induced acute pancreatitis with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Activated inflammatory cells sequestered in the lung and the proteases released from the inflammatory pancreas both could induce lung inflammation and lung injury.

Methods

Ischemia of the pancreas was induced by clamping the gastroduodenal and the splenic artery for 2 hours followed by reperfusion for 6 hours. We observed airway reactivity to methacholine. The pulmonary function test of Penh was used to reflect the airway responses. mRNA expression of iNOS and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the lung tissue were measured by real time polymerase chain reactions.

Results

This protocol resulted in significant elevations of the blood concentrations of nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical, amylase, TNFα, and white cells among the I/R group. The mRNA expressions of iNOS and of TNFα in the lung tissues were significantly increased after I/R. Pulmonary function data showed that I/R of the pancreas induced significant increases in the responses to methacholine challenge: Penh was significantly increased in the I/R group compared with the sham group. Lavage white cells were significantly increased in the I/R group.

Conclusions

I/R of the pancreas induced systemic inflammatory responses and increased white cell sequestration in the lung. Hyperresponsive responses in the airways of the reperfusion group may be due to airways inflammation, which increased white cell sequesteration in the lung and the expressions iNOS and TNFα inflammatory mediators in lung tissues.     

Bioelectric Potentials After Fracture of the Tibia in Rats

The aim of the present study was to analyse the changes in the bioelectric voltage with time after fracture until healing occurred. the right tibia of adult rats was fractured and every day during the first week, and then 10, 14, 21, 30 and 90 days after the fracture, the bioelectric potentials were registered with callomelan electrodes placed on the anteromedial surface of the tibia. the data collected were statistically analysed. the biopotentials recorded decreased during the healing phase but were significantly higher in the vicinity of the fracture. During the first 10 days some oscillations were recorded which could be related to cellular and vascular processes in the early phase of callus formation.     

苯甲酸雌二醇对大鼠睾丸组织发育的影响

目的:研究苯甲酸雌二醇(E2B)对雄性大鼠睾丸组织发育的影响。方法:选取新生雄性SD大鼠40只,随机均分为实验组和对照组,在生后1d分别皮下注射E2B(0.2mg/5g体重)、等体积的溶剂玉米油,分别于生后14、21、28、42、56d取睾丸并称重。测量头段及尾段生精小管管径(TD)及上皮高度(SEH),并计算头段及尾段TD/SEH比值、尾段SEH/头段SEH比值,分析生精小管内生精细胞发育状况。结果:各年龄段实验组大鼠睾丸重量显著下降(P<0.01),睾丸始终停留在腹腔。睾丸网内始终有液体潴留,从出生后21d开始,实验组大鼠头段睾丸的生精小管的TD/SEH比值明显大于对照组(P<0.01),尾段SEH/头段SEH比值也显著增加(P<0.01);实验组生精细胞发育明显迟滞于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:E2B可以造成雄性大鼠睾丸内液体潴留、隐睾,从而阻滞睾丸组织的正常发育。     

尾悬吊状态对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响

目的:探讨尾悬吊造成的模拟失重状态对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响及其机制,为研究太空环境对人类生殖功能的影响打基础。方法:性成熟期健康SD雄性大鼠40只,随机分为4组,每组10只,分为实验1组(尾悬吊14 d)、实验2组(尾悬吊28 d)和对照1组(自由活动14 d)、对照2组(自由活动28 d),观察睾丸的重量和形态学改变、精子数量和质量改变、血液中激素含量的改变,并利用原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测睾丸细胞的凋亡。结果:各悬吊组大鼠睾丸重量与相应对照组相比明显下降(P<0.05),附睾精子数量和活动率明显减少(P<0.05),精子畸形率和凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05),卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素轻度增高,而睾酮含量明显下降(P<0.05)。但上述变化在悬吊14 d组和28 d组之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。另外,悬吊组睾丸组织生精小管萎缩,生精上皮细胞层数逐渐减少,管腔内的精子数明显减少,悬吊28 d组比悬吊14 d组改变更明显。结论:模拟失重对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖功能有较明显的损害,这种损伤可能与引起睾丸生精细胞凋亡有关。抑制睾丸生精细胞凋亡也许可以防护失重状态下的生殖损害。     

Dexmedetomidine Increases the Cocaine Seizure Threshold in Rats

Background: Central [alpha] adrenoceptors have been demonstrated to play an important role in the control of seizure activity; moreover, [alpha]2 adrenoceptors have been linked to electroencephalogram changes associated with cocaine. The purpose of this study was to determine if dexmedetomidine, a highly selective [alpha]2-adrenoceptor agonist, alters the threshold for cocaine-induced seizure activity in rats.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats received a cocaine infusion (1.25 mg [middle dot] kg-1 [middle dot] min-1) followed 15 min later by the coinfusion of either dexmedetomidine (20-[mu]g/kg intravenous bolus followed by an infusion of 1 [mu]g [middle dot] kg-1 [middle dot] min-1, CD group, n = 8) or an equal volume of saline (CS group, n = 8). Dexmedetomidine or saline were coinfused with cocaine until the onset of cocaine-induced seizures. Dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens were measured by microdialysis paired with chromatography. To determine if changes in extracellular dopamine were related to the seizures, dopamine (1 [mu]m) was continuously delivered to the nucleus accumbens in a separate group (DACD group, n = 6) via retrograde microdialysis. These rats then received an intravenous cocaine infusion followed by dexmedetomidine in the same manner as the CD group.

Results: Dexmedetomidine significantly increased the dose of cocaine necessary to produce seizures. Seizures occurred at 25.0 +/- 7.7 and 49.3 +/- 14.8 min in CS and CD, respectively (P < 0.001). The ratio of the percent increase in accumbal dopamine to the cocaine dose at the onset of seizure activity was significantly lower in CD, 39.9 +/- 16.5, compared to CS, 82.2 +/- 46.5 (P = 0.04). Intraaccumbal administration of dopamine prevented the effects of dexmedetomidine on the cocaine seizure threshold.