中西医结合救治毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的临床观察

目的 探讨中西医结合救治毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的治疗效果.方法 应用中西医结合的方法(机械通气、抗蛇毒血清结合中医中药)救治46例毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭患者.结果 46例全部痊愈出院.结论 中西医结合治疗措施是救治毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的最有效方法.     

毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的机械通气救治6例

目的 探讨机械通气救治毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的治疗效果。方法 用机械通气救治6例毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭患者。结果 气管内插管是最佳的气道开放方法;控制通气时,理想的参数为潮气量12ml/kg,通气频率20次／分,呼吸比1：2,吸氧浓度0. 4;辅助通气是,压力支持通气为0.3-1.5kPa,触发敏感度为－3mmH2D。气管插管者辅助通气4－6h后撤机及拔管可获得成功。结论 气管内插管及机械通气是救治毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的最有效的方法。     

银环蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的治疗及临床观察

目的观察抗银环蛇毒血清和机械通气对银环蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法应用抗蛇毒血清和机械通气救治23例银环蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭患者。结果银环蛇咬伤患者及早应用抗银环蛇毒血清,毒蛇咬伤后发生急性呼吸衰竭时间为2.5～16h。当患者出现睁眼困难、吞咽困难、呼吸节律改变或呼吸困难时,即予气管插管行机械通气,可获得较好的疗效。结论机械通气辅助抗蛇毒血清是救治银环蛇咬伤致呼吸衰竭有效的方法。     

80例神经毒类毒蛇咬伤的流行病学特点及急诊救治

目的总结分析80例神经毒类毒蛇咬伤的流行病学特点及急诊救治经验。方法收集80例神经毒类毒蛇咬伤的临床资料,分析其临床特点并总结救治经验和体会。结果 80例神经毒类毒蛇咬伤抢救成功率100%,痊愈率100%,总有效率100%。结论综合治疗神经毒类毒蛇咬伤的疗效显著。早期使用氧疗和机械辅助呼吸以及抗蛇毒血清等治疗方法是神经毒类毒蛇咬伤呼吸衰竭抢救成功的关键。     

机械通气救治4例银环蛇咬伤急性呼吸衰竭

目的 探讨机械通气救治银环蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的治疗效果。方法 院前正确清创急救处理,及时行机械通气救治4例银环蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭患者。结果 气管内插管是最佳的气道开放方法,气管插管者辅助通气4～6h后撤机及拔管可获得成功。结论 正确急救和清创,气管内插管及机械通气是救治银环蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的最有效的方法。     

毒蛇咬伤致重症肌无力样综合征1例报告

毒蛇咬伤致重症肌无力样综合征,主要为神经毒类毒蛇咬伤后引起全身骨骼肌麻痹,包括呼吸肌麻痹,如果抢救不及时,患者多因呼吸衰竭而死亡。我科成功救治1例毒蛇咬伤致重症肌无力样综合征患者,现报告如下。     

5例毒蛇咬伤患者的急救与护理

毒虼咬伤的发病率以夏秋季节最高,常因延误就诊或处理不当而在短时间内出现蛇毒中毒致休克、急性呼吸衰竭、弥散性血管内凝血、急性心力衰竭、急性肾功能衰竭等危重症。因此．及时有效的护理措施是争取抢救时机．改善病情。促进救治成功的关键。我院2006年1月～2008年12月成功救治了s5例毒蛇咬伤的患者,现将急救与护理介绍如下。     

血液透析治疗毒蛇咬伤致急性肾功能衰竭的护理

目的 探讨血液透析治疗毒蛇咬伤致急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)患者的护理.方法 根据对12例毒蛇咬伤致ARF患者的血液透析治疗的护理体会,探讨蛇伤患者血液透析的护理特点.结果 12例患者中11例治疗成功,1例男性患者因合并呼吸衰竭死亡.有效病例血液透析后血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)和尿酸(UA)均明显下降.结论 遵循血液透析的基本原则,注意毒蛇咬伤的特点,有针对性地进行护理,才能保证抢救成功.     

儿童毒蛇咬伤的特点与程序化救治的疗效观察

目的通过分析儿童毒蛇咬伤的特点,评价程序化综合救治方法对儿童毒蛇咬伤的疗效。方法通过观察17例毒蛇咬伤儿童的临床特点,尽早进行病情预测,同时根据毒蛇咬伤的临床病情分型予程序化综合救治。监测病情变化、伤口愈合情况及平均住院时间。结果儿童毒蛇咬伤的特点为不明种类毒蛇咬伤多,症状较成人严重,易发生并发症。经过早期程序化综合救治总有效率100%,伤口渗血、肿胀明显缓解,无1例死亡,平均留观时间4.5天。结论根据儿童毒蛇咬伤特点,早期准确预测和尽快应用程序化救治能提高毒蛇咬伤疗效。     

机械通气救治21例银环蛇咬伤致呼吸麻痹的护理

广西地处亚热带地区,毒蛇种类多,毒蛇咬伤为常见病、多发病,尤以银环蛇伤最为常见.银环蛇咬伤致死是广西各类毒蛇伤病死率之首[1].我科EICU于2008年1月-2011年1月共收治银环蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭患者21例,经积极的抢救治疗和细心的护理观察,痊愈19例,死亡2例.现将急救护理体会报告如下.     

蛇毒清合剂治疗金环蛇咬伤的疗效观察

目的观察蛇毒清合剂对金环蛇咬伤的临床疗效。方法将71例病人分为治疗组35例,对照组36例。两组均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服蛇毒清合剂,并比较两组患者伤后48h的血清酶学三项（CK、LDH、AST）及治疗5天后的疗效、治疗结束时的疗程及呼吸衰竭发生率。结果两组患者临床疗效比较有显著性差异,治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．05）,酶学三项和疗程、呼吸衰竭发生率均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论蛇毒清合剂对金环蛇咬伤有显著疗效。     

毒蛇咬伤的预防及院前急救调查与分析

目的了解蛇伤患者对蛇咬伤的预防知识及院前自救情况,为指导蛇伤防护工作提供依据。方法随机抽取我院2010～2011年急诊收治的173例蛇伤患者,通过问卷调查及交谈法,了解蛇伤患者对蛇习性、防护措施、蛇咬伤后的反应及处理情况。结果蛇伤患者对蛇习性了解情况不乐观,采取防护措施不到位,急救处理不科学。结论应加强蛇伤防护工作的宣传,改善院前急救情况。     

Snake Bite in South Asia: A Review

Snake bite is one of the most neglected public health issues in poor rural communities living in the tropics. Because of serious misreporting, the true worldwide burden of snake bite is not known. South Asia is the world''s most heavily affected region, due to its high population density, widespread agricultural activities, numerous venomous snake species and lack of functional snake bite control programs. Despite increasing knowledge of snake venoms'' composition and mode of action, good understanding of clinical features of envenoming and sufficient production of antivenom by Indian manufacturers, snake bite management remains unsatisfactory in this region. Field diagnostic tests for snake species identification do not exist and treatment mainly relies on the administration of antivenoms that do not cover all of the important venomous snakes of the region. Care-givers need better training and supervision, and national guidelines should be fed by evidence-based data generated by well-designed research studies. Poorly informed rural populations often apply inappropriate first-aid measures and vital time is lost before the victim is transported to a treatment centre, where cost of treatment can constitute an additional hurdle. The deficiency of snake bite management in South Asia is multi-causal and requires joint collaborative efforts from researchers, antivenom manufacturers, policy makers, public health authorities and international funders.     

Annual incidence of snake bite in rural bangladesh

Background

Snake bite is a neglected public health problem in the world and one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in many areas, particularly in the rural tropics. It also poses substantial economic burdens on the snake bite victims due to treatment related expenditure and loss of productivity. An accurate estimate of the risk of snake bite is largely unknown for most countries in the developing world, especially South-East Asia.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We undertook a national epidemiological survey to determine the annual incidence density of snake bite among the rural Bangladeshi population. Information on frequency of snake bite and individuals'' length of stay in selected households over the preceding twelve months was rigorously collected from the respondents through an interviewer administered questionnaire. Point estimates and confidence intervals of the incidence density of snake bite, weighted and adjusted for the multi-stage cluster sampling design, were obtained. Out of 18,857 study participants, over one year a total of 98 snake bites, including one death were reported in rural Bangladesh. The estimated incidence density of snake bite is 623.4 / 100,000 person years (95% C I 513.4–789.2 /100,000 person years). Biting occurs mostly when individuals are at work. The majority of the victims (71%) receive snake bites to their lower extremities. Eighty-six percent of the victims received some form of management within two hours of snake bite, although only three percent of the victims went directly to either a medical doctor or a hospital.

Conclusions/Significance

Incidence density of snake bite in rural Bangladesh is substantially higher than previously estimated. This is likely due to better ascertainment of the incidence through a population based survey. Poor access to health services increases snake bite related morbidity and mortality; therefore, effective public health actions are warranted.     

Herbs and herbal constituents active against snake bite

Snake bite, a major socio-medical problem of south east asian countries is still depending on the usage of antisera as the one and only source of treatment, which has its own limitations. In India, mostly in rural areas, health centres are inadequate and the snake bite victims mostly depend on traditional healers and herbal antidotes, as an alternative treatment. The present review has been focussed on the varied folk and traditional herbs and their antisnake venom compounds, which might be a stepping stone in establishing the future therapy against snake bite treatment and management.     

龙岩市急诊蛇伤流行病学特征与综合救治

目的探讨龙岩市急诊蛇伤流行病学特征和综合救治措施。方法回顾性分析我院2006-2011年资料完整的458例蛇伤住院患者的临床资料。结果458例急诊蛇伤患者中,死亡6例,病死率1．3％,致伤蛇种以竹叶青蛇、烙铁头、眼镜蛇、银环蛇、眼镜王蛇为主,近年来还发现一些罕见蛇类如白头蝰蛇、红脖颈槽蛇咬伤病例;掌握了我市蛇伤的发病季节、致伤人群、致伤部位及转归。结论初步掌握了龙岩市急诊蛇伤流行病学特征,并提出了有效的综合救治措施,为今后开展蛇伤的防治、教学、科研提供了科学依据。     

血必净注射液联合季德胜蛇药片救治烙铁头蛇咬伤的临床分析

目的研究血必净注射液联合季德胜蛇药片救治烙铁头蛇咬伤的临床效果。方法将我院收治的69例烙铁头蛇咬伤患者随机分为治疗组34例和对照组35例,两组患者均给予季德胜蛇药片治疗,治疗组同时加用血必净注射液治疗,观察比较两组治疗效果。结果治疗组的痊愈时间、肢体消肿时间均短于对照组,而且凝血功能指标、血小板计数均优于对照组,差异均具有显著统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论血必净注射液联合季德胜蛇药片救治烙铁头蛇咬伤的临床效果显著,有利于减轻患者中毒症状,并能有效缩短痊愈时间,改善凝血功能,增加血小板数量,值得临床推广运用。     

Snake bite envenomation in Riyadh province of Saudi Arabia over the period (2005–2010)

The present investigation is a retrospective review of snake bites in Riyadh province over the period (2005–2010). A total of 1019 cases of bites admitted to the Ministry of Health medical centers in Riyadh province were analyzed on the basis of age, sex, time of bite and its site on the body, outcome of treatment, antiserum dose and type of snake. Bites occurred throughout the six years with the highest frequency in 2005 and least in 2006 where most of the bite cases were mild and all evolved to cure except four patients who died following the administration of antivenom during 24 h after snake bite. Most of the patients were males (81.7%) and the most attacked age was within the range of 11–30 years (51.5%). All the bites were mainly in the exposed limbs and the most frequently bitten anatomical regions were the lower limbs (427 cases, 41.9%), principally the feet. The study incriminates Cerastes cerastes gasperettii in most of the bites indicating it as the snake of medical importance in Riyadh province. Also, the study indicates low degree of threat in spite of high rate of snake bites as a result of the availability of the medical facilities and the antivenin use in medical centers in Riyadh province.     

缺抗蛇毒血清银环蛇伤的临床观察

目的探讨临床上缺乏抗银环蛇蛇毒血清治疗银环蛇咬伤的临床效果。方法将我院急诊科2011年3月~2013年10月收治的银环蛇咬伤患者9例与同期67例应用抗银环蛇毒血清治疗的病例进行比较,观察两组患者住院期间的临床变化与转归。结果经机械通气支持、胆碱酯酶抑制剂联合抗胆碱药物,以及肺部抗感染治疗,9例未经抗银环蛇毒血清治疗的患者均成活,但较使用抗银环蛇毒血清的患者住院时间延长、费用明显增加。结论重症银环蛇伤患者在缺乏抗银环蛇毒血清治疗时,应用机械呼吸支持,胆碱酯酶抑制剂联合抗胆碱药物,以及积极抗感染治疗也能救治患者生命。