气动自动送料系统的设计与实现

设计一种气动自动送料系统,介绍了该系统的构成和工作原理,阐述了气动回路和电气回路的设计.该系统采用PLC-人机界面的控制方式,实现了送料的自动化,节约了大量人工成本,可应用于相关加工机床.     

应急自动复苏呼吸机装置设计

如今,呼吸循环衰竭已经成为多发性危急重症,应急呼吸装置常应用于此类疾病的紧急抢救.然而,传统应急呼吸装置多采用手动复苏面罩或人工呼吸方式,在实际救治中会导致施救者手部疲劳、供气不均及卫生等问题.针对上述问题设计了一种应急自动复苏呼吸机装置.该装置采用STM32单片机控制丝杆螺母平动滑台机构进行往复运动,带动悬伸臂压放气...     

一种新型自动平衡伺服装置的设计

本文详细地介绍了一种自行研制的新型自动平衡伺服装置,该装置应用闭环极点配置算法,最优化二次型系统及电机非线形补偿等控制方法,实现了对自动平衡装置中平衡位置的精密控制,并且该控制箱可以与自行研制的其它实验设备对接.系统自行构思设计并安装调试,适用于现代控制理论、经典控制理论和自动控制系统试验研究.具有广泛地实用性和通用性.     

“气动控制在生产过程自动化领域的应用和前景”研讨会在沪举行

气动产品作为一种常用执行与控制装置，在国内通用机械、包装机械、自动化装备等领域已得到广泛的应用。随着自动化技术的发展，气动产品也在不断推陈出新，气动应用技术逐渐向产品功能化、装配模块化、控制集成化的方向发展，因此在电力、城市水处理、冶金和石化等行业的应用正得到越来越多的关注。     

基于PLC的落锤标定装置自动控制系统

针对传统手动的落锤标定装置操作复杂、精度低和安全性不高的问题,设计了自动控制系统.采用PLC-步进电机-光栅尺闭环控制的方法,实现落高精确定位.设计了以无杆汽缸为执行机构的气动系统,控制重锤提升、下降和反弹重锤的防二次撞击.系统以西门子PLC和触摸屏作为控制核心与人机交互工具,编制了专用的控制和组态软件,实现了实时显示重锤落高、下落速度与落高精确定位及自动试验等功能,满足操作简便、精度高、安全的试验要求.     

射弹机器人控制系统的研究

为了能够实现钢水成分靶向控制,依据炉外精炼射弹法研制了一种炉外精炼专用射弹机器人,研究了射弹数量的计算方法。发射机构采用高速气动装置,移动台车采用两轴机器人,回转弹仓采用气动推弹,控制系统采用西门子1500系列PLC加伺服控制器和触摸屏人机接口等。给出了自动射弹、自动填弹以及移动台车机器人等控制设计。经过工业试验,验证了可以提高添加辅料的收得率,取得了很好的工艺效果。     

飞机气动元件自动气密试验设备设计与实现北大核心CSCD

本文通过对某飞机公司配套高低压气动产品手控气密试验系统工作原理、使用方法及实际使用中的弊端介绍。设计了实现自动化控制的飞机气动元件自动化气密试验设备。在设计上整个气密试验设备将通过工业控制计算机组态界面、工业控制板卡、模/数(A/D)、数/模(D/A)转换模块、增压系统、电子压力控制调压器、电磁阀等,基于MCGS工业控制组态软件平台进行系统程控设计,在压力调节控制上对电子压力控制调压器实现PID运算自动精密调压。气密试验设备还实现自动计时保压、试验数据报表打印、试验完毕自动放气功能,整个试验过程无需人工控制、调节,确保试验人员安全,提高阀件测试工作效率。     

飞机气动元件自动气密试验设备设计与实现

本文通过对某飞机公司配套高低压气动产品手控气密试验系统工作原理、使用方法及实际使用中的弊端介绍。设计了实现自动化控制的飞机气动元件自动化气密试验设备。在设计上整个气密试验设备将通过工业控制计算机组态界面、工业控制板卡、模/数(A/D)、数/模(D/A)转换模块、增压系统、电子压力控制调压器、电磁阀等,基于MCGS工业控制组态软件平台进行系统程控设计,在压力调节控制上对电子压力控制调压器实现PID运算自动精密调压。气密试验设备还实现自动计时保压、试验数据报表打印、试验完毕自动放气功能,整个试验过程无需人工控制、调节,确保试验人员安全,提高阀件测试工作效率。     

转炉煤气回收和放散自动控制系统改进

针对在煤气回收和放散调试过程中发现的问题,通过改进转炉煤气回收和放散控制系统,增加气动三通阀控制联锁信号,保证放散的高度可靠性和煤气自动回收的高度安全性。     

转炉煤气自动回收分析控制装置及其应用

介绍了ZFK系列转炉煤气自动回收分析控制装置的组成、主要结构及工作原理,给出了该装置的主要技术参数和适用范围。重点介绍了其中取样装置、抽气装置和预处理系统。文未介绍了应用效果。     

An ergonomic evaluation of lawn mowers'' startability and controls

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate ten different lawn mowers for ease of starting, operating controls and handling. Ninety-nine paid subjects (50 males and 49 females) from 14 to 71 years of age with prior experience on lawn mowers were selected randomly. Subjects were asked to identify the various controls, start a lawn mower four times, operate it for approximately 50 m and fill out lawn mower questionnaires on startability and controls. Subjective evaluations were supplemented with objective data.

All lawn mowers tested, except one equipped with a primer in place of a throttle, had high startability rates (90–97%). The handle suddenly pulled back in 0–5% cases. However, 70% of the lawn mowers were perceived as less than easy to start and controls were less than easy to operate on 90% of the lawn mowers. Subjects were less than comfortable in the starting position in 9 out of 10 lawn mowers with the rating of perceived exertion ranging from 10 to 12 on the Borg scale. Instructions on 7 out of 10 lawn mowers were rated as less than easy to follow. Ergonomic evaluation found major problems with the location, design, direction of movement and safety in operating various controls. About 95% of the subjects could not identify the safety control lever and the self-propel control on one lawn mower.

Based on ergonomic evaluation and subjective feedback, it is recommended that the starter rope handle should be placed in the middle at the back of the lawn mower at a height of about 70 cm from the floor. The distance of the starter rope handle from the handlebar should be 36 cm and it should be larger in size (about 11.8 cm) to accommodate all four fingers. Both the handlebar and the safety control lever should be semicircular in shape with a diameter ranging from 1.9 to 2.5 cm. The force required to hold the safety control lever should be less than 7 N. Knob-type sliding levers with clear labeling should be used for throttle, self-propel and ground speed controls. These controls should be located near the handlebar for clear visibility, access, reach and ease of operation.

Lastly, detailed studies are needed to determine optimum location of the starter rope handle, direction of pull, length of pull and speed of pulling. Ergonomic principles should not be ignored in the design and placement of controls on lawn mowers.     

FRP包覆筋锚杆与混凝土拉拔试验设计有限元分析

为保证FRP包覆筋锚杆与混凝土拉拔物理试验的合理性,通过有限元法将钢锚杆的拉拔试验运用到FRP包覆筋锚杆上.在界面力学模型基础上,建立三维锚杆拉拔试验有限元模型.对钢锚杆利用有限元法进行一系列数值模拟,并与物理试验结果对比,验证该方法的可行性.将该方法运用到新型FRP包覆筋锚杆上,描述从剥离到拔出过程的力学性能,结果表明新型FRP包覆筋锚杆的拉拔破坏形式与普通钢锚杆类似,但拉拔性能优于普通钢锚杆.     

矿井提升机钢丝绳的动力学仿真

主要研究矿机提升钢丝绳的动力学特性,利用动力学知识,对钢丝绳进行力学建模。利用MATLAB提供的SIMULINK仿真工具箱,对钢丝绳所建的模型在不同的加速度的情况下进行仿真分析,得出张力的变化规律。通过对仿真图形的分析得出静力学所不能推导出的结论,从而对延长钢丝绳的寿命及系统设计工作提供借鉴。     

Development of a compact displacement accumulation actuator device for both large force and large displacement

The design, fabrication, and testing of a compact displacement accumulation device is presented in this paper. The piezoelectric device provides both large displacement (mm) and large force (100 N). The device is based on conventional inchworm motor design that produces large displacement. The device integrates piezoelectric stacks for large force output and high-speed operation with MEMS ridges as a new clamping system. The device should be able to push and pull 450 N at 11 mm/s in a relatively compact size. FEM analysis is used for the design, EDM is used for the fabrication of a prototype, and conventional test techniques are used to evaluate performance. Stress and modal analysis are used to confirm that the device has an infinite fatigue life and a first modal frequency at 1309 Hz. Experimental data for clamping strength of the ridges and blocking force of the device validate that the device transfers the required load of 450 N. The device is successfully tested over a wide range of operating conditions at speeds up to 11 mm/s using open loop control. The stall load of the device is measured to be exceeding 2250 N. For the dynamic loading test, the device pushes test weights up to 50 N with the open loop control approach.     

乘客电梯安全控制系统的分析与研究

随着城市建设进程的急速加快,高层建筑不断涌现,电梯作为一种自动化运载工具在人民的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。因此电梯的安全性能也更加受到人们的重视,电梯有一个轿厢和一个对重,通过钢丝绳将它们连接起来,钢丝绳通过驱动装置(曳引机)的曳引带动,使电梯轿厢和对重在井道内各自的导轨上做垂直往返运动。电梯的安全控制系统主要包含电气控制和机械控制两个方面。     

Effect of product mix on multi-product pull control

Product mix influences the performance of pull production control strategy in multi-product manufacturing systems. The complexity of product mix on the performance of a manufacturing system is primarily based on the characteristics of the demand and production control strategies. Demands are mainly characterised by volume and product-type while production control strategy is characterised by material release time, part flow, inventory control and throughput times. In multi-product systems, pull production control strategy operates dedicated or shared Kanban allocation policy. This paper examines the performance of the Generalised Kanban Control Strategy (GKCS), Extended Kanban Control Strategy (EKCS) and Basestock Kanban-CONWIP (BK-CONWIP) control strategy operating Shared Kanban Allocation Policies (S-KAP) or Dedicated Kanban Allocation Policies (D-KAP) for a healthcare parallel/serial assembly line with setup times. A simulation based multi-objective optimisation technique was adopted to examine the effect of different product mixes on the strategies and policies. A ranking and selection technique for multiple systems was used to screen the performance of the strategies. It was shown that product mix variability in a system influence the inventory levels of the pull control strategies examined. However, the performances of the strategies vary with strategies operating S-KAP having better inventory control than strategies operating D-KAP. Similarly, BK-CONWIP outperformed its alternatives.     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Lever control stereotypes for translational and rotational motions in a cartesian coordinate system were examined. Two methods were used, one with drawings of cube motions on paper, the other with computer graphics. In the graphics version a lever actually controlled cube motions, allowing subjects to interact with control schemes before selecting a preferred one.

Stereotypes found common to both methods were: push lever to move cube away, pull lever to bring cube nearer; and push lever to rotate the top of the cube away, pull lever to rotate the top nearer. A very strong push for up and pull for down stereotype was found in the paper test, but no stereotype for these cube motions was found in the graphics test. This is of particular interest because pull for up and push for down are the usual control schemes for heavy equipment. These differences may relate to subjects having the opportunity to interact with the control scheme. Smaller differences between methods were observed with translations and rotations about the X-axis. Some of these differences may be due to unintentional cues within the drawings themselves, a problem not present in the graphics version.

The determination of lever stereotypes has commonly relied upon paper-based tests. Conclusions based upon paper tests may not accurately reflect expectations for actual machine operations. Use of computer graphics adds realism and possibly better generalizability of results to real life.     

钢丝绳芯输送带可视断带诊断系统的研究

提出了一种钢丝绳芯输送带可视断带诊断系统的设计方案。该系统采用漏磁检测技术,由电磁传感器对钢丝绳芯输送带进行电磁检测;当检测出损伤部位时,下位机首先通过计算确定其坐标,然后控制X光检测部分移动至坐标处,对损伤区域进行拍照,图像信息由下位机传至上位机进行数据处理,确认其损伤并确定损伤类型后,在监控界面的相应坐标处显示报警,并显示损伤处的图像。现场测试结果表明,该系统较好地实现了钢丝绳芯输送带的可视化断带检测功能,准确性较高,误差小。     

Dynamics analysis and fuzzy anti-swing control design of overhead crane system based on Riccati discrete time transfer matrix method

This paper describes an efficient method called Riccati discrete time transfer matrix method of multibody system (MS-RDTTMM) for studying the dynamic modeling and anti-swing control design of a two-dimensional overhead crane system, which consists of a trolley, rope, load, and control subsystem. Regarding the rope as a series of rigid segments connected by hinges, a multibody model of the overhead crane system can be developed easily by using MS-RDTTMM. Then three separate fuzzy logic controllers are designed for positioning and anti-swing control. For improving the performance of the predesigned fuzzy control system, the genetic algorithm based on MS-RDTTMM is presented offline to tune the initial control parameters. Using the recursive transfer formula to describe the system dynamics, instead of the global dynamics equation in ordinary dynamics methods, the matrices involved in this method are always very small, and the computational cost of the dynamic analysis and control system optimization can be greatly reduced. The numerical verification is carried out to show the computational efficiency, numerical stability, and control performance of the proposed method.     

钢丝绳CAD/CAPP系统设计与实现

结合钢丝绳生产的实际需要,提出将钢丝绳的 结构设计与钢丝绳的工艺设计一体化的设计方法,详细分析了钢丝绳结构设计的步骤、理论 计算方法以及在工艺设计过程中涉及的一些主要因素、设计流程．在此基础上结合具体的生 产工艺和生产计划要求,建立相应的设计知识库和并行设计结构框架,实现钢丝绳的智能设 计．