市政污泥与典型林业生物质共热解油特性研究

以市政污泥和林业生物质(松木屑、杨木屑)快速共热解产物热解油为研究对象,通过不同添加量的林业生物质与污泥在卧式管式炉进行共热解等方法,对热解油的产率、组分变化等性质进行分析.结果表明:共热解产生的热解油具有相似成分,主要含有酸类、酯类、酚类和含氮化合物等.较高的林业生物质添加量可降低热解油中S含量,但能促进热解中的N向...     

生物质混合物与褐煤共热解特性的试验研究

选取秸秆、稻壳、玉米芯、木屑、沙柳枝和叶、旱柳枝和叶、紫花苜蓿、芦苇、碱草等13种农业和林业废弃物、草木类等生物质，按相同比例混合为生物质混合物，采用热重分析仪分析研究该生物质混合物与某典型褐煤在不同混合比例下的共热解特性，计算了生物质挥发分析出终止温度并合理定义了褐煤挥发分析出温度。热解试验表明：不同比例的生物质混合物与褐煤在共热解过程中，热解产物的产率基本等于单独热解生物质和褐煤的产率加权平均值；生物质混合物的比例在20％～400％时，褐煤挥发分析出温度低于褐煤单独热解时挥发分析出温度，生物质中的高碱金属和CaO含量及H／C比较大等因素的存在具有一定的促进作用；生物质混合物的比例在50％以上时，由于生物质密度较小且易软化，阻碍煤挥发分的选出和扩散，使褐煤挥发分析出温度显著高于褐煤单独热解时挥发分初始析出温度，生物质对褐煤热解有抑制作用。     

污泥与木屑共热解特性研究

文章采用污泥、木屑为原料,在氮气气氛下进行热重实验,研究了升温速率和木屑添加量对污泥与木屑共热解特性的影响规律,并进行动力学分析。研究结果表明:随着升温速率的增加,样品挥发分析出阶段向高温方向移动,最大失重速率增加;随着木屑添加量的增加,样品总失重量及最大失重速率均显著增加。动力学分析认为:污泥热解的反应机理为三维扩散,机理函数为Z-L-T函数;污泥与木屑共热解的反应机理为成核和生长,机理函数为Avrami-Erofeev函数。污泥热解活化能为287.29～390.57 kJ/mol,污泥与木屑共热解活化能为170.16～277.05 kJ/mol,木屑的加入降低了污泥的热解活化能。     

生物质与烟煤共热解特性研究

选取稻壳和松木屑等生物质,按不同比例与两种煤化程度不同的烟煤进行混合,采用热重分析的方法,研究不同生物质与烟煤单独热解和共热解的特性,研究了在自制复合型镍基催化剂条件下烟煤和松木屑的共热解特性及催化剂对焦油成分的影响.研究表明:在该实验条件下,烟煤与生物质的热解不存在重叠,烟煤的最大热解量仅为生物质的1/3 ～1/2;生物质的添加在共热解过程中对烟煤的热解起到一定的促进作用,在原料比例为50∶50时,共热解的两个失重峰逐渐变为一个;在自制镍基催化剂条件下,共热解碳转化率提高3％ ～17％,焦油得到充分裂解,极大提高了原料利用率.     

生物质与废塑料共热解的研究进展

文章介绍了国内外生物质热解、废塑料热解以及生物质与废塑料共热解的发展现状与趋势,概述了我国生物质能源与废塑料共热解的潜力。对生物质和废塑料共热解进行了展望,并指出了生物质和废塑料共热解研究的发展战略。     

市政污泥与木屑共热解特性及动力学分析

采用热重分析法对市政污泥、木屑及其不同比例的混合样品热解特性进行了分析,研究了升温速率和混合比例对热解过程的影响。对污泥和木屑进行单独热解时,木屑比污泥的反应活性更高;随着升温速率的增大,二者的挥发分析出指数D均有增大,但升温速率对污泥挥发分析出的影响更大;污泥与木屑共热解改善了污泥热解过程的综合热解释放特性,有利于热解反应的进行;随木屑添加比例的增加D值呈指数增长,在木屑添加比例为80%时,D达到最大值118.18×10-8,但仍低于理论值141.67×10-8,说明存在竞争作用。文章采用FWO(Flynn-Wall-Ozawa)和Starink方法,分别计算木屑添加比例为80%的共热解表观活化能。当转化程度α为0.1～0.8时活化能变化较小,α为0.9时活化能分别突增到761.64,786.12 kJ/mol。这说明共热解过程可分为150～520℃和520～1 000℃两个温度阶段,与污泥单独热解相比,降低了转化率达到90%时的终温。     

煤与生物质共热解工艺的研究进展

热解是将固态原料转化为液体燃料、可燃气和焦的重要途径,是实现生物质资源清洁、高效利用的重要技术。将生物质与煤混合共热解是生物质资源利用的重要方法,两者混合热解不仅有助于降低CO_2的排放量,还能有效地解决能源短缺和环境污染带来的问题。文章综述了煤与生物质共热解技术的研究进展,系统地介绍了共热解过程中煤与生物质的相互作用以及热解温度、混合比例、滞留时间、升温速率、矿物质成分、物料粒径和热解反应器类型等因素对热解过程的影响,并对煤与生物质共热解技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

生物质与煤共热解特性研究

选取4种典型生物质样品(麦秆、稻秆、木质素、造纸废液颗粒),将生物质样品与煤分别以1∶9、3∶7、5∶5的重量比例掺混。采用热重分析法,在相同升温速率下,对各掺混样品进行热解实验,探讨了生物质与煤热解特性的差异以及它们共热解时生物质对煤热解过程的影响。研究表明,生物质与煤的热解特性差异很大:生物质热解温度低,热解速度快,而煤相对热解速度慢,热解温度高;在生物质与煤混合热解时,总体热解特性分阶段呈现生物质和煤的热解特征;将各生物质样品与煤混合热解的实际微分曲线与按比例折算后曲线进行比较,得出实际微分曲线与折算曲线基本吻合,即生物质对煤的热解无明显影响。     

石化污泥与烟煤混合共热解特性实验研究

选取石化污泥和烟煤,将两者按不同比例混合。采用热重分析法,在相同升温速率下,对各混合样品进行热解实验,探讨石化污泥与烟煤热解特性的差异及其共热解时石化污泥对烟煤热解过程的影响。结果表明:石化污泥与烟煤的热解过程和反应特征参数差异很大,主要表现在样品的挥发分析出温度区间、总失重率及失重速率上。同时,石化污泥的挥发分综合释放特性指数D远优于烟煤;在石化污泥和烟煤的共热解过程中,石化污泥的添加对烟煤的热解起到一定促进作用,当石化污泥掺入比例为10%时,混合物的热解特性最好。     

城市污泥耦合锯末共热解特性及动力学分析

为实现城市污水污泥与锯末共热解的工业应用,利用热重分析仪对污泥耦合锯末共热解过程进行了实验与理论研究,揭示了锯末添加比例、升温速率对污泥热解特性的影响,并基于Coats-Redfern法,结合20种常见固体热解机理函数确定了污泥耦合锯末共热解过程最优热解动力学模型。结果表明:锯末相比污泥具有更低的表观活化能,最大失重速率是污泥的4倍;锯末的添加使得热重分析(TG)曲线向下偏移,最大失重速率明显增大,挥发份析出特性变强;随着升温速率的增大,固态残渣增加,最大失重速率减小,不利于热解反应的进行;按7∶3比例混合的污泥锯末耦合热解微分热重分析(DTG)曲线峰前(230~350℃)表观活化能为38.81 k J/mol,最优动力学模型为D_5-3D扩散模型;峰后(350~500℃)表观活化能为29.93 k J/mol,最优动力学模型为C~2-化学反应模型。     

High quality syngas produced from the co-pyrolysis of wet sewage sludge with sawdust

A method for wet sewage sludge (WS) direct pyrolysis with sawdust (SD) at high temperature for syngas production in a screw moving bed reactor was proposed to solve the issue of direct WS utilization. Meanwhile, the co-pyrolysis characteristics of WS with SD at 900 °C was investigated by TG, Py-GC/MS analysis. The TG analysis showed that significant interactive effects, including inhibition and acceleration occurred when the ratio of SD increased from 20 to 80 wt%. According to Py-GC/MS and co-pyrolysis experiment results, lowest yields of O-containing compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons and the liquid were found under 40 wt% SD addition ratio. Meanwhile, synergetic effects — effects of acceleration as well as moisture on syngas, became more distinct in the same addition ratio. The catalytic in-situ steam, which performed as an oxidizer, promoted steam reforming reaction and secondary cracking of macromolecular. Under the optimum SD addition ratio (40 wt%), the quality of syngas was improved, e.g. H₂+CO content increased about 10.19%, H₂/CO increased about 0.14, syngas heat produced from 1 kg raw material increased about 4.04 MJ/kg and carbon conversion increased about 12.75%, respectively.     

城市污泥与玉米秸秆共热解及炭粉吸附特性研究

利用外热式固定床反应器,在400～700℃下对不同比例的城市污泥与玉米秸秆混合物进行共热解,研究热解条件对炭粉的产率、比表面积、孔径分布的影响。结果表明,随热解温度的提高和玉米秸秆量的增加,炭粉的产率逐渐减小,700℃时,纯污泥热解的炭粉得率是51.5%(以干原料计),添加45%的秸秆时,炭粉得率是41.75%;炭粉的比表面积随热解温度的提高而增大,随玉米秸秆量的增加而增大,700℃时,比表面积在50~80m2/g;纯污泥热解炭粉的孔径以中大孔为主,随玉米秸秆添加量的增大,炭粉的孔径分布由中大孔趋向中微孔。     

钙对生物质/塑料混合物共热解特性及动力学的影响

为了探究Ca2+对生物质/塑料混合物热解的影响,采用热重分析法研究了Ca2+浸渍酸洗玉米秸秆(ACS)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)混合物(AHM)的热解特性.结果表明,Ca2+的添加,使得AHM的初始分解温度以及第一失重峰对应温度均有所降低;此外,由于Ca2+的添加,AHM的第二失重峰对应温度基本不变,最大失重速率有所增...     

煤的理化性质对生物质和煤共热解焦油性质的影响

将木屑分别与黑山煤、神木煤以不同比例掺混,利用自制热解干馏炉进行共热解实验。比较木屑的添加对共热解焦油、水和轻质焦油产率的不同影响,结合煤和生物质的热重分析结果与煤的13C核磁共振分析表征,探讨煤的结构、煤和生物质的热化学反应特性,对共热解焦油产率和品质的作用机理。结果表明:在一定配比范围内,木屑和煤之间的交互作用明显提高了共热解焦油中轻质组分的产率,同时热解水产率低于计算值;轻质焦油中的脂肪烃组分主要由木屑和煤热解产生的烷基自由基相互化合生成;煤热解产生的芳烃类自由基由于与生物质热解产生的羟基自由基生成杂酚化合物,从而抑制了热解水的生成。     

污泥在桨叶式干燥机内干化特性研究

针对采用桨叶式干燥机对城市生活污水污泥进行干燥这一课题,研究了生活污泥在桨叶式干燥机内的干燥效果,分析了干燥机热轴转速和导热油温对污泥干燥过程的影响.     

Effect of lignin on the co-pyrolysis of sludge and cellulose

In order to investigate the role of the lignin in the co-pyrolysis process of the sludge and the cellulose, the co-pyrolysis process was carried out in a thermogravimetry analyzer. The result shows that when the proportion of the sludge:cellulose:lignin was 1:1:0.4, the main co-pyrolysis temperature range was narrower, the ultimate pyrolysis weight loss was more, and the synergistic effect had a longer duration time. When the pyrolysis temperature was below 400°C, the addition of the lignin could promote the co-pyrolysis process of the cellulose and the sludge, such as the decrease of the activation energy E.     

Decentralized drying-gasification scheme of sewage sludge with torrefied biomass as auxiliary feedstock

A drying-autothermal gasification scheme with torrefied biomass as auxiliary feedstock was proposed for the first time in order to realize the decentralized treatment of sewage sludge in wastewater treatment plant. Thermodynamic equilibrium and energy flow balance for the proposed system were evaluated. A non-stoichiometric thermodynamic equilibrium model was applied to evaluate the effect of adding ratio of torrefied biomass on the autothermal gasification performance. A novel dual-check algorithm was developed to determine the molar numbers of syngas components and the injected air. The energy utilization ratio for the whole process was introduced to measure the ratio of the energy used in the whole system to the total input energy. High adding ratio of torrefied biomass was favor of lifting the cold gas efficiency, but it would lead to low energy utilization ratio in terms of sewage sludge treatment.     

Investigating the release behavior of biomass and coal during the co-pyrolysis process

The release behavior of biomass and coal in the co-pyrolysis process was investigated. The release characteristics of the small molecules from 100 to 1000 °C were researched by TG-MS at the heating rate of 30 °C/min. The pyrolysis products during the co-pyrolysis process were compared with that in the separate pyrolysis process. It is found that the changes of pyrolysis products in the co-pyrolysis process are similar to that in the separate pyrolysis process. The main pyrolysis products of the biomass are released at the temperature lower than 500 °C. Some of the small molecules of Shenfu coal release at the temperature higher than 900 °C. The yields of aromatic compounds in biomasses are lower than that in Shenfu coal. In addition, most of the raw materials are pyrolyzed independently during the co-pyrolysis process. The differences between the experimental values and calculated values are slightly. With the addition of biomass, the content variations of aromatic compounds are not significant.