Association between vertebral fracture and increased mortality in osteoporotic patients.

Determinants of mortality were studied in a prospective study of 677 women and men with primary or secondary osteoporosis. Prevalent vertebral fractures were associated with increased mortality, but other known predictors of mortality explain a significant proportion of the excess risk. INTRODUCTION: In population studies, prevalent vertebral fractures are associated with increased mortality. It is unknown whether this excess mortality is related to low bone mineral density or its determinants or whether there is an additional component associated with fracture itself. METHODS: We studied 677 women and men with osteoporosis, 28-88 years old, of whom 352 had morphometrically determined vertebral fracture, to examine the risk and causes of mortality in patients with osteoporosis (defined densitometrically as a spine bone mineral density T-score < -2.5 and -3.0 for women and men, respectively, and/or one or more prevalent vertebral fractures without a history of significant trauma). The participants had enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in osteoporosis and were comprised of 483 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, 110 women with secondary osteoporosis, and 84 men with osteoporosis of any cause. Demographics, medical history, and other measures of skeletal and nonskeletal health status were assessed at entry. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 37 (5.5%) participants died, with 31 of these deaths occurring in those with prevalent vertebral fractures. Compared with participants who did not have a prevalent vertebral fracture, those with one or more fractures had a 4.4-fold higher (95% CI, 1.85, 10.6) mortality rate. After adjustment for predictors for poor health--including number of medications, number of diseases, use of oral corticosteroids, alcohol intake, serum albumin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), renal function, height, weight, gender, and age--the point estimate of risk remained elevated but was no longer statistically significant (hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.93, 6.23). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalent vertebral fractures in osteoporotic patients are associated with increased mortality. Other known predictors of mortality can explain a significant proportion of the excess risk.     

不同骨密度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折骨组织形态与骨代谢标志物分析

目的 观察不同骨密度骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)骨组织形态学特征及骨代谢标志物变化规律.方法 将136例OVCF患者按不同骨密度(T值)分为3组:I组,-3.5相似文献   

Transverse vertebral fracture in osteoporotic aged patients with ankylosing spinal hyperostosis

Object  

The object of this case series was to report the unstable transverse spinal fracture in osteoporotic ankylosing spinal hyperostosis.     

老年髋部骨折患者髂骨松质骨中微量元素分析

目的了解老年髋部骨折患者骨中微量元素与髋部骨折及骨质疏松症的关系.方法自髂前上棘后方2cm之髂嵴处以髂骨活检器钻取骨组织.16例患者的髂骨标本用于无机元素分析.其中8例为老年髋部骨折患者,包括男性2例,女性6例,平均年龄74.83±9.43岁.8例为成年暴力性骨折患者,包括男性2例,女性6例,平均年龄41.38±3.42岁.以原子吸收法进行测定.结果老年髋部骨折患者髂骨活检标本的钙、镁和锰含量低于对照组(分别为P<0.01,P<0.01和P<0.05).老年女性髋部骨折患者的铜含量也较成年女性对照组低(P＜0.05).     

专科护士主导的社区协同服务在椎体骨折患者中的实践

目的 研究以骨科专科护士为主导的社区协同服务在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者出院后的应用效果。方法 选取骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者117例,按住院时间先后分为对照组（n=58)和干预组（n=59）。对照组给予常规出院指导和随访,干预组在此基础上通过医联体建立以骨科专科护士为核心的社区协同服务小组,由专科护士制定个体化出院护理方案、培训社区护理人员、畅通医院和社区信息共享机制,指导社区护理人员协同实施出院后的护理服务。干预时间为1年,在干预结束后获取两组研究对象的各项数据,比较两组患者自我管理能力、生活质量、骨密度值及再骨折发生情况。结果 干预组1年后患者自我管理能力、生活质量各维度得分及骨密度均值显著高于对照组（P<0.05,P<0.01）,椎体再次骨折发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 以骨科专科护士为主导的社区协同服务能综合医院和社区的优势,提高骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者出院后自我管理能力及生活质量,使患者的骨质密度增加,降低椎体再次骨折发生率。     

Paraspinal muscle control in people with osteoporotic vertebral fracture

The high risk of sustaining subsequent vertebral fractures after an initial fracture cannot be explained solely by low bone mass. Extra-osseous factors, such as neuromuscular characteristics may help to explain this clinical dilemma. Elderly women with (n = 11) and without (n = 14) osteoporotic vertebral fractures performed rapid shoulder flexion to perturb the trunk while standing on a flat and short base. Neuromuscular postural responses of the paraspinal muscles at T6 and T12, and deep lumbar multifidus at L4 were recorded using intramuscular electromyography (EMG). Both groups demonstrated bursts of EMG that were initiated either before or shortly after the onset of shoulder flexion (P < 0.05). Paraspinal and multifidus onset occurred earlier in the non-fracture group (50–0 ms before deltoid onset) compared to the fracture group (25 ms before and 25 ms after deltoid onset) in the flat base condition. In the short base condition, EMG amplitude increased significantly above baseline earlier in the non-fracture group (75–25 ms before deltoid onset) compared to the fracture group (25–0 ms before deltoid onset) at T6 and T12; yet multifidus EMG increased above baseline earlier in the fracture group (50–25 ms before deltoid) compared to the non-fracture group (25–0 ms before deltoid). Time to reach maximum amplitude was shorter in the fracture group. Hypothetically, the longer time to initiate a postural response and shorter time to reach maximum amplitude in the fracture group may indicate a neuromuscular contribution towards subsequent fracture aetiology. This response could also be an adaptive characteristic of the central nervous system to minimise vertebral loading time.     

Reduced vertebral bone density in hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis.

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and single-photon absorptiometry were used to determine bone density at the lumbar spine and radial shaft in 62 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria, 27 patients with fasting hypercalciuria, and 31 nonhypercalciuric stone formers. Lumbar bone density was significantly lower in patients with absorptive (-10%) as well as in those with fasting hypercalciuria (-12%), with 74 and 92% of patients displaying values below the normal mean, whereas only 48% of the nonhypercalciuric stone formers had bone density values below the normal mean. In contrast, radial bone density was similar in all three groups of renal stone formers investigated. The comparison of urinary chemistry in patients with absorptive hypercalciuria and low normal bone density compared to those with high normal bone density showed a significantly increased 24 h urinary calcium excretion on random diet and a trend toward a higher 24 h urinary uric acid excretion and a higher body mass index in patients with low normal bone density. Moreover, among the patients with absorptive hypercalciuria we found a statistically significant correlation between the spinal bone density and the 24 h sodium and sulfate excretion and the urinary pH. These results gave evidence for an additional role of environmental factors (sodium and animal proteins) in the pathogenesis of bone loss in absorptive hypercalciuria. In conclusion, our data suggest an osteopenia of trabecular-rich bone tissues in patients with fasting and absorptive hypercalciurias.     

X-ray microanalysis of fluoride distribution in microfracture calluses in cancellous iliac bone from osteoporotic patients treated with fluoride and untreated.

Fluoride is able to augment cancellous bone mass in vertebral osteoporosis but is responsible for osteoarticular side effects in which microfractures are thought to be involved. During healing of these microfractures, a callus is formed all around the cancellous fracture line. Our hypothesis is that in fluoride-treated osteoporotic patients, calluses are bone sites where fluoride is focally deposited at a high concentration, and this could induce a local defect of calcification with a poor healing of microfractures. Our aim was to validate this hypothesis on several calluses following microfractures in undecalcified iliac cancellous bone from six women with osteoporosis (four fluoride treated and two untreated). Histologically normal iliac cancellous bone tissue, taken from a subject having neither fluoride treatment nor microfracture, was also examined. Selected areas, including new woven bone (calluses) and old lamellar bone, were carbon-coated and analyzed using an electron microprobe. Fluoride K alpha and calcium K alpha radiations were detected with wavelength and energy-dispersive spectrometers, respectively. In old lamellar bone at a distance from microfractures, the fluoride level was similar in normal and untreated osteoporotic patients but was slightly increased in treated osteoporotic patients. In untreated osteoporotic patients, the fluoride level was slightly higher (about 1.2 times) at the site of microfractures (lamellar and woven bone) than in lamellar bone far from such fractures, but fluoride was homogeneously distributed in lamellar and woven bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Relationships between osteocyte density and bone formation rate in human cancellous bone

Iliac cancellous osteocyte density decreases with age in deep bone but not in superficial bone, most likely because of remodeling. It has been suggested that osteocytes can inhibit bone remodeling. Accordingly, we examined the relationship between osteocyte density and bone formation rate in 92 healthy women. In superficial bone (<25 μm from the surface), we found a weak but significant (p < 0.03) inverse correlation between BFR/BS and Ot. N/B.Ar that was unaffected by menopause and independent of age. A weaker positive relationship with empty lacunar density improved significance. The data appear to suggest a negative feedback loop, but osteocytes explain only 10% of the variance in BFR/BS, and 97% of the variance in osteocyte density is explained by total lacunar density. This measure of initial osteocyte density during bone formation has a high coefficient of variation (20%) indicating large individual differences. We conclude that: (1) our data support the proposal that osteocytes can inhibit bone remodeling; (2) osteocyte density in superficial bone depends mainly on initial osteocyte density during bone formation and is maintained but not regulated by bone remodeling; and (3) the inverse relationship between BFR/BS and osteocyte density may reflect the homeostatic need to maintain calcium exchangeability in the lining cell–osteocyte syncytium.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗不同程度骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗不同程度OVCF的疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2010年10月应用PVP治疗的208例OVCF患者的临床资料,男72例,女136例;年龄70～96岁,平均77.8岁;共242个椎体,其中胸椎134个,腰椎108个.椎体压缩分度的判定及分度方法根据X线片和CT检查选用Genant半定量目测法,椎体压缩骨折Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度的标准分别为椎体压缩比＜25％、25％ ～ 50％、＞50％.术后测量椎体压缩比,观察脊柱稳定性、疼痛缓解及骨水泥渗漏等相关并发症. 结果 208例患者术后获平均30.5个月(6～84个月)随访,骨水泥注射量平均为胸椎(2.6±0.6)mL,腰椎(4.8±0.4) mL.Ⅰ度压缩比椎体手术前、后压缩比和cobb角比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Ⅱ、Ⅲ度压缩比椎体手术前、后压缩比和cobb角比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Ⅰ～Ⅲ度压缩比椎体之间疼痛缓解程度差异均无统计学意义(x2=0.955,P＞ 0.05).Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度压缩比椎体骨水泥渗漏率分别为3.2％ (1/31)、10.3％ (15/145)、25.8％ (17/66),但所有患者均未引起临床症状.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度压缩比椎体的并发症发生率分别为6.5％ (2/31)、6.9％ (10/145)、22.7％(15/66).结论 PVP在治疗OVCF时,压缩程度不同与患者疼痛缓解无必然关系.但随着椎体压缩程度的增加,术后椎体压缩比及cobb角的恢复也较差,建议PVP应早期治疗OVCF,避免椎体进一步压缩.     

乳腺癌患者骨质疏松性椎体骨折相关因素分析

目的探索乳腺癌患者治疗前后的骨质疏松性椎体骨折率及相关影响因素。方法收集478例乳腺癌患者作为病例组与500例无乳腺癌病史的妇女作为对照组,采用Genant半定量方法对治疗前后的病例组和对照组胸部X线侧位片上的胸椎T4至腰椎L1进行评估,比较病例组与对照组椎体骨折率的差异,以及病例组治疗前后椎体骨折率的变化;按年龄、体质指数(BMI)、乳腺癌分子亚型(Luminal A、Luminal B、Triple-Negative及HER2+)、治疗时间、治疗方式进行分组,对影响椎体骨折的相关因素进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果病例组治疗前的椎体骨折率为12.34%,治疗后的椎体骨折率为19.46%,对照组的椎体骨折率为14.40%;病例组治疗前的椎体骨折率与对照组以及病例治疗后组差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、治疗时间是椎体骨折的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌治疗的诸多因素都能增加骨质疏松性椎体骨折的风险,乳腺癌患者治疗后的椎体骨折率高于治疗前。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折

经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）是由经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）发展而来的一种微创放射介入疗法,目前多应用于老年人椎体骨质疏松性骨折的治疗当中,其具有创伤小、临床疗效显著、并发症少等优点。本院自2007年应用PKP技术治疗胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体骨折,取得了优良的疗效,现报告如下。     

老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折治疗进展

老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折保守治疗以卧平板床、口服抗骨质疏松药物、功能锻炼为主。椎弓根螺钉对骨质疏松椎体把持力不足、患者手术耐受差,使得传统螺钉内固定手术受到一定限制。研究提示,介入治疗之椎体成形术可减轻椎体骨折相关疼痛,恢复椎体高度等,但不必过多追求恢复椎体高度,保证安全更重要,骨水泥注入量的控制和评价也存在广泛争议。经皮球囊椎体后凸成形术(PKP)较之经皮椎体成形术(PVP)能更好地恢复椎体高度并减少骨水泥渗漏,膨胀式椎体成形术(Sky)较优于PVP、PKP。但有学者报道椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折疼痛并不比安慰剂有效。     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折迟发性后凸畸形的危险因素分析

目的探讨导致骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)迟发性后凸畸形的危险因素。方法回顾性研究我院2015年1月至2017年1月符合选择标准纳入研究的137例行保守治疗OVCFs患者的临床和影像资料,根据随访结果按有无后凸畸形(椎体局部后凸角≥30°)将患者分为后凸畸形组和对照组。首先采用独立样本t检验和卡方检验对相关危险因素进行统计学分析,这些相关危险因素包括年龄、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)末次随访评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)末次随访评分、骨折椎体高度初始丢失率、性别、胸腰段骨折、既往邻近椎体骨折、骨折分型、椎体后壁骨折、长期使用糖皮质激素。将有统计学意义的危险因素引入Logistic回归分析得出椎体后凸畸形的主要危险因素。结果所有患者均获超过6个月以上随访,最终共计73例(53.3%)患者出现后凸畸形。独立样本t检验及卡方检验统计分析显示,BMD、胸腰段骨折、骨折分型、椎体后壁骨折、长期使用糖皮质激素与后凸畸形相关(P0.05)。而年龄、性别、BMI、VAS末次随访评分、ODI末次随访评分、骨折椎体高度初始丢失率、既往邻近椎体骨折与后凸畸形无相关性(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现胸腰段骨折、椎体后壁骨折、长期使用糖皮质激素与后凸畸形显著相关(P0.05),优势比分别为16.129、21.562、5.922。结论胸腰段骨折、椎体后壁骨折、长期使用糖皮质激素是OVCFs迟发性后凸畸形的高危因素。     

阿仑膦酸钠预防骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者再次骨折的临床研究

目的观察阿仑膦酸钠预防骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者再次骨折的作用。方法将80例骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者随机分为治疗组及对照组,每组40例。2组均应用碳酸钙D3片及阿法骨化醇软胶囊做为基础用药,治疗组加用阿仑膦酸钠。分别于治疗开始前及治疗2年后．检测2组患者腰椎及左侧髋部双能X线骨密度（BMD）,并测定血清I型胶原氨基末端肽（NTX）和骨钙素（OC）浓度,随访再次骨折的发生率。结果阿仑膦酸钠治疗组治疗2年,腰椎及左侧髋部BMD均不同程度提高,血清NTX及OC则不同程度降低,与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照组BMD均不同程度下降,血清NTX及OC则不同程度升高,但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。2年治疗中,治疗组发生2例再次骨折事件,对照组发生8例再次骨折事件,两组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论阿仑膦酸钠能够有效降低骨转换率、增加BMD,预防骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者再次骨折的发生。     

骨质疏松性椎体骨折级联的风险因素

目的 研究椎体骨折级联（vertebral fractures cascade,VFC）发生的相关风险因素。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日在首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院诊断为骨质疏松性椎体骨折的444例患者的临床资料。统计所有患者的年龄、性别、体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、骨折的部位、骨密度、是否有糖尿病、是否有慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）、是否有口服激素史。分析VFC发生的相关风险因素。按照是否发生VFC将患者分为两组,采用二元Logistic回归模型分析各风险因素。结果 在单因素分析中,椎体骨折级联的危险因素包括既往有糖尿病史（P=0.084）、既往口服糖皮质激素治疗史（P=0.022）、患有COPD（P=0.048）、骨折发生在胸腰段（P＜0.001）、严重骨质疏松（T值≤-3.0）（P =0.087）、BMI≥28 kg/m2（P=0.012）。在多因素风险分析中,椎体骨折级联的风险因素包括有糖尿病史（风险比为1.689,P=0.047）、既往口服糖皮质激素治疗史（风险比为1.839,P=0.010）、患有COPD（风险比为2.103,P=0.026）、骨折发生在胸腰段（风险比为2.686,P＜0.001）、BMI≥28 kg/m2（风险比为1.769,P=0.010）。结论 有糖尿病史、既往口服糖皮质激素治疗史、患有COPD、骨折发生在胸腰段、BMI≥28 kg/m2被确定为椎体骨折级联的独立危险因素,其中骨折发生在胸腰段为最重要的风险因素。     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折研究进展

随着社会人口老龄化,骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者越来越多。结合影像学检查和查体可明确诊断OVCF。OVCF保守治疗联合早期镇痛可使患者尽早进行主动康复锻炼;开放性手术虽然疗效确切,但手术创伤大,对老年患者身体状况要求高;微创手术能有效强化椎体,缓解疼痛,稳定责任椎体,防止责任椎体进一步压缩致后凸畸形加重,同时能使患者早期下床活动以避免卧床相关并发症,提高患者生活质量,但存在邻近椎体再骨折、骨水泥渗漏、肺栓塞、骨水泥中毒反应等风险。该文就近年来OVCF研究进展作一综述。     

绝经后妇女骨质疏松性椎体骨折与腰椎骨密度的关系

目的探讨绝经后妇女骨质疏松性椎体骨折与腰椎骨密度的关系。方法选择骨质疏松性椎体骨折的绝经后妇女23例为骨折组,无椎体骨折的25例绝经后骨质疏松妇女为对照组。两组的年龄、绝经年限、身高、体重、体重指数差异无显著性,均行胸腰椎正侧位X线摄片。用双能X线吸收仪（DXA）测量的腰椎（L2-4）前后位骨密度（BMD）、骨矿含量（BMC）和T值。结果骨折组BMD、BMC和T值均低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论腰椎BMD降低与绝经后妇女的骨质疏松性椎体骨折相关。绝经后骨质疏松妇女应重视BMD变化,预防椎体骨折的发生。     

椎体强化术后邻近椎体再骨折的治疗

[目的]探讨椎体强化术后邻近椎体再骨折行椎体成形术的治疗方案。[方法]2008年11月~2014年6月采用经皮椎体成形术、抗骨质疏松及康复功能锻炼治疗经皮椎体强化术术后椎体再骨折22例。记录并分析伤椎高度压缩率、伤椎后凸Cobb角、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)评价及再骨折发生率。[结果]术后随访15~49个月,平均(17.3±6.2)个月。所有患者骨水泥注射过程顺利。术后CT扫描显示5例出现骨水泥渗漏,渗漏发生率为22.73%,其中椎管内渗漏1例,椎间隙渗漏2例,椎间盘渗漏1例,针道渗漏1例。均无明显症状,未行特殊处理。1例邻近椎体骨折,发生率为4.55%。患者术后伤椎高度压缩率、伤椎后凸Cobb角、VAS及ODI评价较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]经皮椎体成形术、抗骨质疏松及康复功能锻炼是治疗椎体强化术后邻近椎体再骨折的有效方法,止痛效果好,并且能够改善椎体形态,减少邻近椎体再骨折的发生率。     

骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者胸腰椎椎体后壁形态学测量及临床意义

目的 :探讨骨质疏松性椎体骨折(osteoporotic vertebral fracture,OVF)患者胸椎、腰椎椎体后壁形态学差异及其临床意义。方法:选取我院2013年1月~2016年12月收治的临床资料完整的98例OVF患者,采用CT三维重建技术及多平面重建技术(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)观察测量T6~L5椎体相关参数。测量椎体纳入标准:椎体无新鲜或陈旧性骨折、无感染征象、无肿瘤性骨质破坏、无半椎体及阻滞椎等先天畸形等;排除标准:已行经皮穿刺椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗的椎体。测量T6~L5椎体CT影像的如下参数:双侧椎体后缘线与椎弓根中轴层面的内侧骨皮质处的交点A、B的连线(AB),骨性椎管凸入椎体顶点O到线AB的距离(OC),椎体最前缘点P到AB的距离(PC),计算R=OC/PC(术中侧位像上骨性椎管凸入椎体深度与椎体中矢状径比值)。采用独立样本t检验比较T12与L1椎体OC值。结果:OC值自T6至T12在3.83±0.13mm到5.21±0.06mm之间,PC值自T6到L5在23.42±0.21mm到44.38±4.51mm之间,均呈逐渐增大趋势。OC值自T12至L5在5.21±0.06mm到0mm之间,呈逐渐减小趋势。R值在T6~T12均接近0.16(1/6),腰椎较胸椎明显减小,在L1~L3明显小于1/6,在L4、L5接近于0。T12与L1的OC值差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :中下胸椎椎体后壁形态与腰椎相比存在明显差异,OC的存在致中下胸椎椎体后壁在侧位像上的真实投影线位于椎体后1/6处。在中下胸椎行PKP时尽量避免骨水泥分布超过椎体后1/6从而减少骨水泥椎管内渗漏的发生。