温度对黄鳍鲷主要消化酶活性的影响

研究了温度对黄鳍鲷肝、肠和胃3个部位蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶比活的影响。实验设计了15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65℃等11个温度梯度,结果表明:肠蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶的最适温度为45℃,而肝蛋白酶的最适温度为40℃;胃淀粉酶的最适温度是40℃,肝淀粉酶的最适温度是35℃,而肠淀粉酶的最适温度是30℃;肠脂肪酶和胃脂肪酶的最适温度是40℃,肝脂肪酶的最适温度是45℃。从整体来看,在35~45℃的范围内,肝、肠和胃3部位的3种酶都有较高的活性。     

pH值对黄鳍鲷主要消化酶活性的影响

研究了pH值对黄鳍鲷肝、胃、肠3个部分主要消化酶(蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶)比活的影响。结果显示,黄鳍鲷肝脏、胃和肠道蛋白酶最适pH值分别为:7.0、2.8和7.4,脂肪酶最适pH值分别为:7.2、7.6和7.6,淀粉酶最适pH值分别为4.8、5.2和6.8。胃蛋白酶的最适pH在酸性范围,肝和肠的最适pH值都在中性偏碱性范围。淀粉酶的最适pH值都在酸性范围,脂肪酶的最适pH都在碱性范围。     

盐度对黄鳍鲷幼鱼消化酶活性的影响及消化酶活性的昼夜变化

研究了盐度对黄鳍鲷幼鱼主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶)的影响及消化酶活性的昼夜变化。实验设计5、10、15、20、25、30等6个盐度梯度组。结果表明,蛋白酶、脂肪酶的比活在盐度为25时最高,而淀粉酶的比活在盐度为20时最高。各种消化酶在盐度20~30时消化酶比活的平均值要明显高于5~15时消化酶的平均值。对黄鳍鲷消化酶比活昼夜变化的测定表明,蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶比活的最高值分别在14∶00、20∶00和18∶00,最低值分别是12∶00、10∶00和6∶00。     

黄鳍鲷基因组微卫星的分离

采用磁珠富集法构建黄鳍鲷(Acanthopagrus latus Houttuyn)基因组微卫星富集文库。共挑选60个克隆进行测序,分析发现58个克隆分别含(GA)n或(CA)n两碱基重复单元。进一步通过序列比对,最终获得41个具有特异微卫星序列的阳性克隆。其中,23个克隆含有(GA)n或(CT)n两碱基重复序列,17个克隆含有(GT)n或(CA)n重复序列,另1个含有以上两种重复类型。获得的微卫星序列中,单一型及间断型序列各有20条,另有1条属于复合型序列。序列长度为117~512 bp,平均259 bp。微卫星核心序列两碱基重复5到38次,绝大多数序列重复次数大于10。基于微卫星两端的侧翼序列设计并获得了3对能够在黄鳍鲷基因组有效扩增的微卫星引物。本研究旨为进一步开展黄鳍鲷分子育种及资源评价分析提供基础资料。     

黄鳍鲷育苗池饵料浮游生物分析

为进一步了解黄鳍鲷育苗池的环境饵料生物状况,分析其组成及数量变动,提供育苗用适宜饵料生物量的佐证,共镜检和计数1983年11月25日至1984年1月25日两个月间,由龙溪地区海水鱼类养殖场二、三号小土池(0.14和0.3亩)、二号大土池(1.92亩)采集的浮游动、植物样品40号,对饵料浮游生物优势种、主要种及其它组成的数量与变化,特别对桡足类与浮游植物数量的峰期相关关系等进行初步分析,以供参考。     

黄鳍鲷淡水驯养试验

将黄鳍鲷从盐度为 30‰的海水驯化到盐度为 0的淡水中 ,驯化时间为 1 6天。盐度为 30‰—1 0‰— 5‰— 2 5‰— 0。黄鳍鲷驯食后吃商品饲料     

野生与养殖黄鳍鲷消化道中粘液细胞的类型及分布

采用常规石蜡组织切片及AB-PAS的染色方法对野生和养殖黄鳍鲷（Sparus latus）消化道中粘液细胞的类型及分布情况进行了比较观察研究。黄鳍鲷粘液细胞在消化道各部位均有分布,不同部位粘液细胞的类型和分布均有差异。食道中以Ⅰ、Ⅱ型粘液细胞为主;贲门部和胃体部只有Ⅰ、Ⅱ型粘液细胞分布,幽门部只有Ⅰ型粘液细胞;幽门盲囊、肠道及直肠都是Ⅱ型粘液细胞最多。野生与养殖黄鳍鲷粘液细胞的区别在于消化道的相同部位养殖鱼比野生鱼粘液细胞数量更多。根据研究结果推测粘液细胞的类型和分布与鱼的生活环境及食物相关,也可能与消化道中各种菌群的分布有关。     

黄鳍鲷的人工繁殖

黄鳍鲷（Sparus latus）,广东俗称黄脚[鱼立]、黄丝[鱼立]、[鱼立]鱼、福建俗称黄翅,台湾俗称乌鯮、赤鳍仔。 黄鳍鲷为广东省优质鲷科鱼类,肉质鲜美,营养价值较高,口感极佳,向来被港、澳、穗、深等地市场视为高值的海鲜品种。幼苗经过驯化后可放养于淡水,是海淡水养殖的优质鱼种之一。     

黄鳍鲷人工繁殖及育苗的研究

黄鳍鲷Sparus Latus Houttuyn，福建俗称“黄翅”，肉质佳美，营养价值高，为名贵海产经济鱼类之一。广泛分布于朝鲜、日本、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、印度及我国东南沿海。喜栖息于岩礁海区，适应力强，食性杂，是增养殖的优良品种之一。     

Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth, feed utilization, plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn

A 10‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of raw corn starch levels on the growth, feed utilization, plasma chemical indices and metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus. Four semi‐purified experimental diets with different raw corn starch levels (5%, 10%, 20% and 26%) and a high‐protein control diet were prepared before the experiment and hand‐fed to triplicate groups of juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus. Weight gain and specific growth rate for fish fed the diet containing 26% raw corn starch were significantly lower than those for fish fed 10% or 20% corn starch diets or the high‐protein control diet. Fish fed 10% or 20% corn starch diets had a slightly better growth performance than those fed the 5% corn starch diet. Feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio (PER) for 20% raw corn starch fed fish were the highest among all groups, although no statistically significant differences were found among the experimental groups. The high‐protein control group had a significantly lower PER value than other groups. Protein productive values for fish fed the 5% raw corn starch diet and the high‐protein control diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed the 20% raw corn starch diet, but not significantly different from the values of any other group. The values of intraperitoneal fat ratio, viscerosomatic index and condition factor, as well as body and muscle compositions, were unaffected by corn starch levels. The hepatosomatic index and liver glycogen level for fish fed 5%, 10%, 20% raw corn starch and the high‐protein control diets were equal but significantly lower compared with that of fish fed the 26% raw corn starch diet. Plasma values of the fish were not affected by various dietary treatments, except that a significantly higher plasma glucose concentration was measured in the high‐protein control group compared with the values in the other groups. There were variations in the activities of hepatic hexokinase and pyruvate kinase of the yellowfin seabream after they had been fed different dietary raw corn starch levels for 10 weeks. The overall results showed that a 20% inclusion level of raw corn starch in the diet was better utilized by juvenile yellowfin seabream than 5%, 10% or 26% levels and had a protein‐sparing effect.     

几种饲料对斜带石斑鱼消化酶活性的影响

本文分析了不同饲料对斜带石斑鱼消化酶活性的影响。将1 500尾斜带石斑鱼随机分成3组,每组2个重复,分别用3种不同饲料投喂50 d,从每个平行组中随机抽取5尾鱼测体内消化酶活性。结果表明,不同饲料种类、成分均对斜带石斑鱼体内消化酶活性有明显影响,在本试验中,投喂2号饲料的斜带石斑鱼淀粉酶活性最高,3号饲料整体蛋白酶活性最高,脂肪主要在肠道消化,3种饲料脂肪酶活性在肠道中差异不显著。     

消化酶活力在千年笛鲷幼鱼不同消化器官中的比较研究

测定和比较了千年笛鲷(Lutjanussebae)幼鱼不同消化器官的消化酶活性。结果表明,蛋白酶比活力为:肠>胃>肝胰脏(P<0·01);淀粉酶比活力为:肠>肝胰脏>胃(P<0·01);脂肪酶比活力为:肠>肝胰脏>胃,胃和肝胰脏间差异不显著(P>0·05),但二者和肠之间差异极显著(P<0·01)。千年笛鲷幼鱼肠道对食物的整体消化能力始终较强,肝胰脏和胃是消化食物的辅助器官。     

Effects of different carbon sources addition on nutrition composition and extracellular enzymes activity of bioflocs,and digestive enzymes activity and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in zero‐exchange culture tanks

A 35‐day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different carbon sources addition on nutritional composition and extracellular enzymes activity of bioflocs, and digestive enzymes activity and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (average 5.52 ± 0.21 g) in zero‐water exchange culture tanks. Molasses, corn flour and wheat bran were used as carbon sources and added into the tanks to promote the development of bioflocs during the experiment. During the entire experiment, good water quality and biofloc development were achieved under the addition of different carbon sources. At the end of the experiment, the proximate composition and extracellular enzymes activities of the collected bioflocs from seven biofloc groups were influenced by the addition of the different carbon sources. Meanwhile, the specific activities of protease, amylase, lipase and cellulase in the hepatopancreas, stomach and intestine of the shrimp showed differences among the seven biofloc groups, and most of them were significantly higher than those obtained in the control group (P < 0.05). There were differences in the performance (growth and FCR) of the shrimp among the seven biofloc groups, and all of them were significantly better than those obtained in the control group (P < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, 60% molasses + 20% corn flour + 20% wheat bran could be an appropriate formula of the addition of carbon sources for intensive culture of L. vannamei (mainly in terms of growth and FCR) in zero‐water exchange culture tanks.     

饲料中绿原酸对泥鳅生长性能、消化酶活性、免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响

（目的）本试验以泥鳅为研究对象,探究饲料中添加不同浓度绿原酸（Chlorogenic acid）对泥鳅生长性能、消化酶活性、免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响。（方法）试验选用无病无伤初始体重为（3.50±0.01 g/尾）的泥鳅,随机分为5组,在基础饲料投喂中分别添加0、200、400、600和800 mg/kg的绿原酸试验饲料,每组3个重复,饲养56 d 。饲养试验结束后,测定泥鳅生长性能、消化酶活性、生化指标、免疫功能及抗氧化能力。（结果）试验表明,与对照组相比较饲料中加入绿原酸可以显著增高泥鳅的终末体质量（FBW）、增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR） （P <0.05）;且显著提高肝脏和肠道中蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性（P <0.05）以及肝脏与肠道中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性,丙二醛（MDA）的生成被降低。肝脏中谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性随绿原酸浓度增加而提高,分别在400 mg/kg和600 mg/kg时达到最大值。随着绿原酸浓度的升高,血清中AST、ALT活性均显著下降（P <0.05）。随着绿原酸浓度的增加,血清中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）逐渐下降,在浓度400 mg/kg时达到最低值;血清补体3（C3）和补体4（C4）含量先升高后下降,分别在绿原酸浓度为400 mg/kg和600 mg/kg时达到峰值含量;血清中免疫球蛋白M（IgM）水平显著升高（P <0.05）,在浓度为600 mg/kg时达到最大;血清中溶菌酶（LYS）含量先上升后下降,在浓度为400 mg/kg时含量为最大值。（结论）结果表明,在饲料当中添加400～600 mg/kg绿原酸可显著提高泥鳅生长性能和消化酶活性（P <0.05）,增强泥鳅的免疫功能和抗氧化能力。