电磁锤随焊锤击控制焊接应力变形新工艺

通过用电磁锤锤头对焊后尚处于高温状态的焊趾和焊缝区金属施加一定频率的锤击力,迫使焊趾处的金属向焊缝中心流动,抵消致裂拉伸应变,达到防止焊接热裂纹的目的;同时使焊缝金属在纵向和横向充分延展,降低了焊接残余应力.试验结果表明:该工艺简单可靠、轻便灵活,不但能控制焊接变形、防止焊接热裂纹的产生,而且能使焊缝组织均匀细化;与未锤击时相比,试件焊缝纵向残余应力平均下降了约90%.     

随焊超声波激振法控制铝合金薄板焊接应力及变形

从力学角度出发提出随焊超声波激振控制高强硬铝合金薄板焊接变形的新方法,阐明其控制焊接应力及变形的机理。基于数值模拟分析,利用Marc建立铝合金薄板的随焊超声波激振热力耦合模型,找出最优焊接参数以及加载冲击与热源的最佳距离。利用自行研制的随焊超声波激振装置进行焊接试验。结果表明:激振距离为22 mm时,板长方向中截面残余拉应力峰值由常规焊的248 MPa下降到63 MPa,压应力峰值从-77 MPa降低到-27 MPa,低于薄板的临界失稳应力,薄板挠曲变形完全消失,且板边最大挠度由8.66 mm下降到0.9 mm。试验结果与模拟结果吻合较好。     

轿车车门铰链的焊接变形II.凸焊焊后残余应力及变形分析

针对轿车车门凸焊后会产生焊接变形的具体情况，建立了一个铰链和加强板的二维有限元凸焊模型。利用凸焊工艺过程分析得到的凸焊焊接温度场分布结果，在自由状态下对模型进行了热应力分析，获得了凸焊焊接热变形和焊后残余应力的分布情况。并结合轿车车门焊接的实际，分析了焊后车门铰链的变形趋势，取得了与试验结果相一致的结论。     

基于电磁控制的随焊锤击对焊接残余应力的影响

针对焊接残余应力难以消除的特点,结合几种能够实现随焊锤击功能的方案,提出了一种基于电磁控制的随焊锤击消应力的工艺方法,并研制出了基于电磁控制的随焊锤击试验装置.采用小孔释放法测量随焊锤击前后的残余应力,通过对比和试验分析得出了影响电磁锤随焊锤击效果的主要参数,其中锤击力和锤击温度对焊接残余应力的影响显著.     

钛合金薄板焊接应力的随焊锤击控制

将随焊锤击技术应用于钛合金薄板焊接应力与变形控制，分别对TC4钛合金薄板进行常规焊和采用随焊锤击技术对焊接应力与变形进行控制，结果证实，随焊锤击工艺有效地减小了薄板焊件的挠曲变形，焊缝的纵向残余应力减小到常规焊的1／10，最大焊接挠曲变形由常规焊的15mm减小为5mm。     

轿车车门铰链的焊接变形 II.凸焊焊后残余应力及变形分析

针对轿车车门凸焊后会产生焊接变形的具体情况,建立了一个铰链和加强板的二维有限元凸焊模型。利用凸焊工艺过程分析得到的凸焊焊接温度场分布结果,在自由状态下对模型进行了热应力分析,获得了凸焊焊接热变形和焊后残余应力的分布情况。并结合轿车车门焊接的实际,分析了焊后车门铰链的变形趋势,取得了与试验结果相一致的结论。     

随焊激冷控制铝锂合金焊接接头残余应力规律研究

采用ABAQUS软件对不同焊接工艺条件下2 mm铝/锂异种金属薄板搅拌摩擦焊过程进行数值模拟,通过建立搅拌摩擦焊热源与干冰冷源模型,将空冷和随焊干冰激冷条件下的温度场与应力场进行对比分析,研究发现：焊接温度场呈现前小后大的椭圆形分布,在垂直于焊缝方向的残余应力表现为“M”型趋势,并且残余应力的峰值位于搅拌头轴肩作用区的边缘位置。相较于空冷条件,随焊激冷工艺条件下AA2060焊件上表面的应力峰值降低约13%。在相同激冷距离下,随着激冷强度降低,热源与冷源间的温度梯度增大,焊件的残余应力降低,结果表明随焊激冷技术可以有效控制铝/锂薄板焊接残余应力。     

随焊干冰激冷冷源尺寸对焊接残余应力影响的有限元分析

文中利用米粒状干冰颗粒作为冷却介质进行随焊激冷,通过将干冰颗粒与压缩空气混合,借助喷枪从喷嘴直接喷射于试板上,干冰颗粒与试件接触瞬间升华带走大量热量,实现局部快速冷却.基于热弹塑性有限元方法,对1561铝合金随焊激冷焊接的方法进行了模拟,分析不同长度和宽度的矩形冷源对随焊激冷控制残余应力的影响,从而对干冰喷嘴出口形状设计进行指导,以优化随焊激冷控制焊接应力与变形的效果.结果表明,最佳矩形冷源的长宽为40 mm×25 mm,板中心纵向残余拉应力由162 MPa降低为零,板两端纵向残余压应力由常规焊接的59.3 MPa减小到20.4 MPa,减小大约65.6%.     

不同点固焊形式对焊接变形和残余应力的影响

借助有限元分析手段对不同点固焊形式的对接焊焊接过程进行模拟,经分析得到焊接变形和应力分布情况,采用实验手段验证试验结果。结果表明,点固焊位置相同,长度越长,获得的变形量越小;起、收弧的两端面点固焊变形在起、收弧两侧翘起,焊缝位置点固焊翘起的位置发生在与焊缝位置平行的两侧自由端;点固焊长度越长,仿真和实测结果的残余应力分布波动性越大;在起、收弧两端面点固焊获得的残余应力峰值最小;起、收弧两端面点固焊、点固焊2处残余应力值均降低,点固焊3处残余应力值增大。证明了有限元模型的正确性和有效性。     

A new method of welding with trailing peening for controlling welding stress and distortion

In order to control welding stress and distortion, a new welding with trailing peening method based on the electromagnetic hammer was developed. This method uses the idea of constant frequency pulse width modulation for designing the control circuit of peening force and peening frequency. The peening force can be adjusted between 0 and 1 000 N and the peening frequency ranges from 0 to 25 Hz. Peening force is applied to the weld metal and the weld toe during the welding by peening head. The experiments show that the method is portable and flexible, and it can adjust the distribution state of welding residual stress, making grain refinement. When the peening force is changed to 700 N and the peening frequency to 3 Hz, both the transverse and longitudinal residual stresses will drop obviously.     

Controlling welding residual stress and distortion by a hybrid technology of transient thermal tensioning and trailing intensive cooling

ABSTRACT

A new method of hybrid technology for controlling welding residual stress and distortion is proposed, which contains the transient thermal tensioning with two symmetrical heat sources ahead and the trailing intensive cooling with a cooling source behind the welding heat source during the welding process. Welding temperature, stress and distortion were compared and discussed under different welding processes by experimental and numerical methods. The results reveal that the hybrid technology adjusted the temperature field during welding and redistributed the longitudinal residual stress of welding joint. Thus, the welding residual distortion was reduced. Compared with conventional metal inert gas welding, the reductions of the welding residual stress and distortion of joint by the hybrid technology reached 65% and 58%, respectively.     

Characteristics of welding distortion/residual stress generated by fillet welding with laser beam and verification of generality of its highly accurate prediction

It was found that the characteristics of welding distortion and residual stress generated by laser beam welding (LBW) had the same tendency as those by arc welding but that the absolute value was small. Moreover, the process of LBW is quite different from that of arc welding, the validity and generality of the dominant factors to predict high accuracy welding distortion and residual stress generated by welding could be verified by the high accurate prediction of welding distortion and residual stress which had been proposed based on arc welding. Inherent force was proposed as a parameter which could indicate the magnitude of compressive residual stress, which might influence the load-carrying capacity. Although inherent forces with LBW were 40% that of arc welding, it was found that control of welding heat input was important so as to improve the load-carrying capacity.     

Mechanism of biaxial pre-stress method on welding residual stress and hot cracks controlling

Based on the conventional uniaxial pre-tensile stress method during welding, this study presents a new method of welding with biaxial pre-stress. With the help of numerical simulation, experiments were carried out on the self-designed device. Except for the control on residual stress and distortion as-welded, the experimental results also show its effect on the prevention of hot cracks, thus this method can make up for the disadvantage of the conventional pre-stress method. Hot cracks     

Low stress no distortion welding for aerospace shell structures

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Effects of welding parameters and welding sequence on residual stress and distortion in Al6061-T6 aluminum alloy for T-shaped welded joint

The distribution of temperature and then the distribution of residual stress and distortion in the stiffened aluminum alloy Al6061-T6 plates under the metal inert gas (MIG) welding process were investigated by three dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model using Ansys software. The properties of materials were considered temperature-dependent and the filler metal was added to the workpiece by the element birth and death technique. In three modes of current, two different speeds and two various sequences, the distribution of residual stress and distortion were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that increase in welding speed decreased the vertical deflection in the plate, transverse shrinkage and angular distortion of plate and the lateral deflection of stiffener, but increased the maximum longitudinal tensile stress in the plate and stiffener. Furthermore, increase in current increased the residual stress and deformation in the plate and stiffener, and the change in the welding sequence changed the distribution of the distortion in the plate and the stiffener without significant change in the distribution of the longitudinal residual stress.     

Q345/316L异种钢焊接残余应力与变形数值模拟

文中基于SYSWELD有限元分析软件对Q345/316L异种钢焊接过程的瞬态温度分布、残余应力及变形进行了数值模拟,并通过试验对其模拟结果进行了验证. 试验测量结果与数值模拟结果吻合良好,证明了利用SYSWELD模拟异种钢焊接的可靠性. 结果表明,异种钢焊接温度场呈不对称分布,Q345侧的高温区域范围更大. 不论是横向残余应力还是纵向残余应力,沿焊缝方向均呈帽状分布且在焊缝中部位置存在最大残余应力;在垂直于焊缝中央截面上,纵向残余应力与横向残余应力在焊缝和焊缝附近区域分布是不连续的,存在较大的应力梯度且应力状态也较复杂,而最大残余应力出现在Q345侧的熔合线处. 不同的热输入下模拟结果表明,在保证焊接接头质量的前提下,最好采用小热输入的焊接工艺.     

焊接顺序对T形接头残余应力和变形的影响

采用有限元热弹塑性分析方法对T形接头不同焊接顺序的残余应力和变形进行模拟.有限元模型中选用三维实体单元,分析了材料物性参数随温度的变化和对流、辐射散热的影响.运用单元生死技术模拟T形接头多道焊接过程,获得了不同焊接顺序T形接头焊接温度场和残余应力、变形场,并对计算结果进行了分析.结果表明,焊接顺序对T形接头的残余应力和...